scholarly journals Composition of Human Milk and Factors Affecting It

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavis Gunther
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Maternal and pregnancy-related factors affecting human milk cytokines among Peruvian mothers bearing low-birth-weight neonates

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Zambruni ◽  
Alex Villalobos ◽  
Anoma Somasunderam ◽  
Sarah Westergaard ◽  
Maitreyee Nigalye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Genetic and Physiological Factors Affecting Human Milk Production and Composition

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1500
Author(s):  
Yarden Golan ◽  
Yehuda G. Assaraf
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intrinsic Factors

Human milk is considered the optimal nutrition for infants as it provides additional attributes other than nutritional support for the infant and contributes to the mother’s health as well. Although breastfeeding is the most natural modality to feed infants, nowadays, many mothers complain about breastfeeding difficulties. In addition to environmental factors that may influence lactation outcomes including maternal nutrition status, partner’s support, stress, and latching ability of the infant, intrinsic factors such as maternal genetics may also affect the quantitative production and qualitative content of human milk. These genetic factors, which may largely affect the infant’s growth and development, as well as the mother’s breastfeeding experience, are the subject of the present review. We specifically describe genetic variations that were shown to affect quantitative human milk supply and/or its qualitative content. We further discuss possible implications and methods for diagnosis as well as treatment modalities. Although cases of nutrient-deficient human milk are considered rare, in some ethnic groups, genetic variations that affect human milk content are more abundant, and they should receive greater attention for diagnosis and treatment when necessary. From a future perspective, early genetic diagnosis should be directed to target and treat breastfeeding difficulties in real time.

Factors affecting the growth of bifidobacteria in human milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarka Rockova ◽  
Jiri Nevoral ◽  
Vojtech Rada ◽  
Petr Marsik ◽  
Jan Sklenar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Factors Affecting

Factors Affecting the Composition of Expressed Fresh Human Milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quyen Pham ◽  
Pinkal Patel ◽  
Babak Baban ◽  
Jack Yu ◽  
Jatinder Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Analysis of the Major Probiotics in Healthy Women’s Breast Milk by Realtime PCR. Factors Affecting the Presence of Those Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9400
Author(s):  
Georgia Nikolopoulou ◽  
Theofania Tsironi ◽  
Panagiotis Halvatsiotis ◽  
Ekaterini Petropoulou ◽  
Nikolaos Genaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Realtime Pcr ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Lactation Stage

Breast milk has been reported as a bacteria source that affects infant gut microbiota development. The present study utilizes a realtime PCR method to identify Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. in the breast milk of healthy women and attempts to identify factors affecting those human milk bacteria. Breast milk samples—both colostrum and mature milk—of 100 healthy women, were collected in Greece along with data about the demographic factors and nutritional habits of the volunteers. The colostrum samples were found to have higher percentages of either Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus (76.9% and 48.6%, respectively) compared to the mature milk samples. For younger women, aged from 18 to 29 years, and women from rural areas, bacteria were detected in higher incidence than for older groups and women in urban areas, respectively. Moreover, for high-BMI women, bacteria were detected in lower incidence than for those with normal BMI. Probiotic supplements did not affect the composition of the breast milk-identified bacteria. Various factors such as lactation stage, maternal age, maternal weight, and residential location may contribute to the presence of those species in human milk. RT PCR has significant potential for the microbiological analysis of human milk.

scholarly journals NIH workshop on human milk composition: summary and visions

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellie O Casavale ◽  
Jaspreet K C Ahuja ◽  
Xianli Wu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Julia Quam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Methodological Considerations

ABSTRACT Nationally representative data from mother–child dyads that capture human milk composition (HMC) and associated health outcomes are important for advancing the evidence to inform federal nutrition and related health programs, policies, and consumer information across the governments in the United States and Canada as well as in nongovernment sectors. In response to identified gaps in knowledge, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the NIH sponsored the “Workshop on Human Milk Composition—Biological, Environmental, Nutritional, and Methodological Considerations” held 16–17 November 2017 in Bethesda, Maryland. Through presentations and discussions, the workshop aimed to 1) share knowledge on the scientific need for data on HMC; 2) explore the current understanding of factors affecting HMC; 3) identify methodological challenges in human milk (HM) collection, storage, and analysis; and 4) develop a vision for a research program to develop an HMC data repository and database. The 4 workshop sessions included 1) perspectives from both federal agencies and nonfederal academic experts, articulating scientific needs for data on HMC that could lead to new research findings and programmatic advances to support public health; 2) information about the factors that influence lactation and/or HMC; 3) considerations for data quality, including addressing sampling strategies and the complexities in standardizing collection, storage, and analyses of HM; and 4) insights on how existing research programs and databases can inform potential visions for HMC initiatives. The general consensus from the workshop is that the limited scope of HM research initiatives has led to a lack of robust estimates of the composition and volume of HM consumed and, consequently, missed opportunities to improve maternal and infant health.

scholarly journals Cohort profile: Japanese human milk study, a prospective birth cohort: baseline data for lactating women, infants and human milk macronutrients

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e055028
Author(s):  
Keisuke Nojiri ◽  
Satoshi Higurashi ◽  
Tomoki Takahashi ◽  
Yuta Tsujimori ◽  
Shunjiro Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
And Child Health

PurposeThe Japanese Human Milk Study, a longitudinal prospective cohort study, was set up to clarify how maternal health, nutritional status, lifestyle and sociodemographic and economic factors affect breastfeeding practices and human milk composition. This would eventually determine factors affecting the growth and development of infants and children.ParticipantsA total of 1210 Japanese lactating women who satisfied the inclusion criteria, were invited across the country at various participating sites, between 2014 and 2019. Finally a total of 1122 women were enrolled in this study.Findings to dateAmong 1122 eligible participants, mean age at delivery was 31.2 (SD 4.4) years and mean prepregnancy BMI was 20.8 (SD 2.7). Among these women, 35% were previously nulliparous and 77.7% had college, university or higher education. The mean gestational period was 39.0 (SD 1.3) weeks. Caesarean section was reported among 11.9%; mean infant birth weight was 3082 (SD 360) g. Of the infants, 53.7% were male. Overall, our participants appeared to be healthier than the general population in Japan. Analyses of the 1079 eligible human milk samples obtained at the first and second months postpartum showed the following composition: carbohydrate, 8.13 (SD 0.32) g/100 mL; fat, 3.77 (SD 1.29) g/100 mL; and crude protein, 1.20 (SD 0.23) g/100 mL. We also analysed osteopontin, fatty acid, vitamin D and phospholipid levels in limited subcohorts of the samples.Future plansFollow-up surveys will be conducted to obtain milk samples every 2 months for 12 months and to investigate mother and child health until the children reach 5 years of age. These will be completed in 2024. We plan to longitudinally analyse the composition of macronutrients and various bioactive factors in human milk and investigate the lifestyle and environmental factors that influence breastfeeding practices, maternal and child health, and child development.Trial registration numberUMIN000015494; pre-results.

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