Key premises, a guide to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) surveillance and control

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Chadee
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Manpower Needs ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Holding

AbstractThe population densities of Aedes aegypti Linneaus in four towns in Trinidad were studied using standard house-to-house inspections of all water-holding containers to determine whether persistently positive containers and premises existed over a three-month period in the wet season, from May to July 2002. From a total of 1503 houses inspected, 223 were positive with 41 persistently positive over the three month period and classified as ‘key premises’. The definition of the term key premises is described and the rationale for its utilization discussed. A total of 24,439 containers was inspected from Santa Margarita (6407), Mt Lambert (5709), St Augustine (5384) and Curepe (6939) of which 1.3% or 334 containers were positive for A. aegypti larvae and pupae. A total of 16,507 immatures of A. aegypti were retrieved from these containers which comprised 17 container types but when these were ranked according to productivity levels, only water drums (average 53.5%), buckets (22.2%), tubs and basins (8.0%), water tanks (5.4%), brick holes (4.2%) and tyres (2.0%) were significant (P < 0.001) producers. The role that key premises play in the introduction and re-infestation of A. aegypti-free communities is described and illustrated. These results suggest that A. aegypti control programmes could be more cost effective and sustainable by concentrating efforts on key premises and key containers to control mosquito densities and Dengue transmission while reducing manpower needs and insecticide use.

Training a Team with Simulated Team Members

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (25) ◽  
pp. 2026-2029
Author(s):  
Alma Schaafstal ◽  
Raegan M. Hoeft ◽  
Martin van Schaik
Keyword(s):  
Command And Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Military Command ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

The process of training teams increasingly occurs in synthetic environments. However, it is often still modeled after live team training, including the disadvantages of live training, for example, the fact that all teammates must be available. This paper explores overcoming the disadvantages of human teammates in training teams in synthetic environments, while keeping the advantages of learning in a collaborative and cooperative fashion. Simulated teammates are a promising alternative because they are always available, may be modeled after experienced training personnel, and may be more cost effective in the long run. This paper details a research approach towards the definition of requirements for simulated teammates. In our approach, we carry out a set of experiments using confederates as simulated teammates, in a well-controlled simulation of a military command-and-control task The results of a first experiment show slightly better teamwork skills for those teams trained with simulated teammates.

scholarly journals Resilience Assessment Framework for Nature Based Solutions in Stormwater Management and Control: Application to Cities with Different Resilience Maturity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10040
Author(s):  
Paula Beceiro ◽  
Ana Galvão ◽  
Rita Salgado Brito
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Control Application ◽  
Available Information ◽  
And Control ◽  
Resilience Assessment

Cities face unprecedented demographic, environmental, economic, social, and spatial challenges. In recent years, the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS) is becoming more relevant in cities to improve urban resilience and to cope with climate change. NBS represent cost effective solutions that simultaneously provide environmental, social, and economic benefits and help build resilience. A comprehensive and multi-dimension Resilience Assessment Framework (RAF) to evaluate the NBS contribution to urban resilience, focused on NBS for stormwater management and control, was developed. This RAF is aligned with the RESCCUE RAF and the main assessment frameworks focused on NBS and urban resilience. This RAF for NBS is driven by the definition of resilience objectives and is able to evaluate short- and long-term changes, considering a comprehensive definition of the urban resilience and addressing the environmental, social, and economic capabilities. Regarding the initial resilience maturity and the available information in the city, three analysis degrees were proposed for the RAF application, namely, the essential, complementary, and comprehensive degrees, for which a pre-defined selection of metrics is proposed. This paper aims to present the application of the RAF essential analysis degree and its extensive validation regarding cities with different resilience maturity and available information. The application to seven cities with different resilience and NBS challenges allowed an in-depth validation of the pre-defined metrics included in the RAF essential analysis. In this sense, the analysis of the resilience maturity of the participating cities is presented, the main challenges and consolidated aspects in the cities are identified, and the cities ready to apply the complementary analysis degree are recognized. To conclude, to validate the essential analysis degree, the assessment of the main requirements of the RAF for NBS are verified, based on the RAF metrics results for the cities. In this light, the main requirements of the RAF for NBS were aggregated in three main categories, namely, NBS aspects, resilience capabilities, and the performance, risk and cost analysis.

scholarly journals DETEKSI MOLEKULER VIRUS DENGUE SEROTIPE 3 PADA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti DI WILAYAH PURWOKERTO TIMUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Priskila Agnesia Prayitno ◽  
Endang Srimurni Kusmintarsih ◽  
Daniel Joko Wahyono
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Body ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
And Control

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the Dengue virus and transmitted through by bite of Ae. aegypti. This mosquito is the main vector transmission of DENV with characteristics of the body and limbs are covered with scales silvery white lines. Mosquitoes are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, and Purwokerto is an endemic of DHF and at the same time found mosquitoes as the vectors. East Purwokerto is the highest region of DHF cases in Banyumas, and the outbreak was happened in Sokanegara on 2016 until cause death. Based on previous research states that the most found Dengue virus in Purwokerto is serotype 3. Therefore, detection molecular of Ae. aegypti need to be carried out in relation to prediction of dengue transmission to obtain preliminary information on the prevention and control of DENV. The purpose of this research is to detects Dengue virus in adult mosquitoes Ae. Aegypti as vector of DENV. The research method used is survey method withcross sectional and purposive sampling technique. The parameter observed is a positivity DENV serotype 3 on mosquitoes. The analysis of the survey data is a positivity DENV of mosquitoes. The results of the research showed that based on entomological survey in East Purwokerto, DENV serotype 3 was not detected in mosquitoes. Key Words :  Aedes aegypti, dengue hemorrhagic fever, DENV

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR ANALYSES OF THALASSEMIA PATIENTS AT TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE, RAJASTHAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Vikramaditya Singh ◽  
Neelima Arora
Keyword(s):  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
And Control

Background:Thalassemia is an inherited disorder of haemoglobin production resulting from unbalanced haemoglobin synthesis. Thalassemia is predominantly a disease of children. Material and Methods :This study was conducted on 100 patients of thalassemia major registered in PBM and associated group of hospitals,Bikaner in the years 2019 and 2020.Analysis of epidemiology and PBF abnormalities of the patients was done. Results :It was found that maximum number of patients were in 0 to 5 years age group.Maximum frequency was in B positive age group,Hindu:Muslim ratio was 63:37 and male:female ratio was 54:46.PBF showed anisocytosis and poikilocytosis of RBC with microcytic hypochromic anemia,target cells and NRBCs as the main anomalies.White cells and platelets were normal in majority of cases. Conclusion:Knowledge of epidemiological prole aids in implementation of screening and control programmes. PBS examination is an early,cost-effective investigation in the initial diagnosis of thalassemia.

Risk factors associated with an outbreak of dengue fever/dengue haemorrhagic fever in Hanoi, Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
pp. 1594-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. T. TOAN ◽  
L. N. HOAT ◽  
W. HU ◽  
P. WRIGHT ◽  
P. MARTENS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYDengue fever/dengue haemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) appears to be emerging in Hanoi in recent years. A case-control study was performed to investigate risk factors for the development of DF/DHF in Hanoi. A total of 73 patients with DF/DHF and 73 control patients were included in the study. The risk factor analysis indicated that living in rented housing, living near uncovered sewers, and living in a house discharging sewage directly into to ponds were all significantly associated with DF/DHF. People living in rented houses were 2·2 times more at risk of DF/DHF than those living in their own homes [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2·2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·1–4·6]. People living in an unhygienic house, or in a house discharging sewage directly to the ponds were 3·4 times and 4·3 times, respectively, more likely to be associated with DF/DHF (aOR 3·4, 95% CI 1–11·7; aOR 4·3, 95% CI 1·1–16·9). These results contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of dengue transmission in Hanoi, which is needed to implement dengue prevention and control programmes effectively and efficiently.

scholarly journals Diversity of containers and buildings infested with Aedes aegypti in Puerto Iguazú, Argentina

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1802-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Costa ◽  
Gladys Fattore ◽  
Marcelo Abril
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Vacant Lots ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
The City ◽  
Oviposition Sites

Aedes aegypti is the main domestic vector of the dengue virus. Control measures to prevent dengue transmission focus on the treatment and elimination of this vector's oviposition sites. There is limited biological information on Ae. aegypti in Argentina. The aim of this study was to characterize Ae. aegypti oviposition sites in the city of Puerto Iguazú, Argentina. We surveyed an area covering nine neighborhoods in 2005. We identified 191 premises as positive for Ae. aegypti, giving a general house index of 9.6%. Premises classified as residential and vacant lots presented the highest number of infested premises, with 9% and 22% respectively. The total number of surveyed containers was 29,600. The overall container index (CI) was 1.1. The most frequently infested containers were water tanks (CI = 37). These preliminary results suggest that vacant lots and water tanks provide suitable breeding areas and environmental conditions, improving the chances of Ae. aegypti survival in Puerto Iguazú.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Insektisida Rumah Tangga untuk Mencegah dan Mengendalikan Aedes aegypti di Permukiman di Provinsi Sumatera Utara

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Sunaryo Sunaryo ◽  
Dyah Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
North Sumatra

Dengue prevention and control still depend on insecticides usage. Household insecticides were the most preferable choice to prevent and control Aedes aegypti at settlements. The purpose of this study was to analyze the usage of household insecticides to prevent and control Ae. aegypti in settlement, especially in North Sumatra Province. The research was conducted during April-November 2015. The larvae examination and interviews were conducted on 900 respondents in three districts in North Sumatra Province (Tebing Tinggi, Pematang Siantar and Deli Serdang). The results of the study showed that the house index, container  index, breteau index and densty figure in three districts were revealed that the regions were at moderate and high risk of dengue transmission. Most people in three districts use household insecticide at night to prevent dengue transmission. In conclusion, the household insecticides usage by the community in North Sumatra Province is ineffective to Ae. aegypti prevent and control in settlements, because the community only use adulticide and the time of use of insecticide is not in accordance with the activities of Ae. aegypti to transmit DHF during the daytime without any larva control activity.

Situational Strategic Awareness Monitoring Surveillance System–Microcomputer and Microcomputer Clustering used for Intelligent, Economical, Scalable, and Deployable Approach for Safeguarding Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 60408-1-60408-10
Author(s):  
Kenly Maldonado ◽  
Steve Simske
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Intelligent Surveillance ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Programming Software ◽  
And Control

The principal objective of this research is to create a system that is quickly deployable, scalable, adaptable, and intelligent and provides cost-effective surveillance, both locally and globally. The intelligent surveillance system should be capable of rapid implementation to track (monitor) sensitive materials, i.e., radioactive or weapons stockpiles and person(s) within rooms, buildings, and/or areas in order to predict potential incidents proactively (versus reactively) through intelligence, locally and globally. The system will incorporate a combination of electronic systems that include commercial and modifiable off-the-shelf microcomputers to create a microcomputer cluster which acts as a mini supercomputer which leverages real-time data feed if a potential threat is present. Through programming, software, and intelligence (artificial intelligence, machine learning, and neural networks), the system should be capable of monitoring, tracking, and warning (communicating) the system observer operations (command and control) within a few minutes when sensitive materials are at potential risk for loss. The potential customer is government agencies looking to control sensitive materials and/or items in developing world markets intelligently, economically, and quickly.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

administrasi ketatausahaan sekolah

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isra Revenia
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

This article is made to know the destinantion and the administrasi functions of the school in order to assist the leader of an organazation in making decisions and doing the right thing, recording of such statements in addition to the information needs also pertains to the function of accountabilitty and control functions. Administrative administration is the activity of recording for everything that happens in the organization to be used as information for leaders. While the definition of administration is all processing activities that start from collecting (receiving), recording, processing, duplicating, minimizing and storing all the information of correspondence needed by the organization. Administration is as an activity to determine everything that happens in the organization, to be used as material for information by the leadership, which includes all activities ranging from manufacturing, managing, structuring to all the preparation of information needed by the organization.

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