Effects of graded levels of soya-bean protein on endogenous ileal lysine loss and amino acid digestibility in growing pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Zhang ◽  
S. Y. Qiao ◽  
X. J. Chen ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
J. J. Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
Bean Protein

AbstractThis experiment investigated the effects of feeding graded levels of a soya-bean protein product (HP300, Hamlet Protein A/S Company, Denmark) on endogenous ileal lysine loss, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, standardized true ileal amino acid digestibility determined using the protein-free (PF) method, and real ileal amino acid digestibility determined using the homoarginine (HA) method. The soya-bean protein product was obtained by purifying and defattening soya bean via a proprietary microbial process that decreased the level of trypsin inhibitors and other anti-nutritional factors in soya bean. Six barrows, with an initial body weight of 37·4 ± 1·3 kg, were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulae at the distal ileum and offered six maize-starch-based diets according to a 6 × 6 Latin-square design. The six diets were formulated to provide 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 g crude protein (CP) per kg by dietary inclusion of 0, 90, 182, 274, 367 or 460 g/kg of soya-bean protein. Five kg of soya-bean protein product was guanidinated in order to estimate endogenous amino acid flow and real ileal amino acid digestibility. Chromium III oxide (5 g/kg) was included in the non-guanidinated diets while dysprosium chloride (0·1 g/kg) was included in the guanidinated diets as an indigestible marker. The experimental periods lasted 8 days. On day 6 of each period, ileal digesta was collected for 24 h to determine apparent and standardized true ileal amino acid digestibility of the non-guanidinated diets. At 08:00 h on day 8, the pigs were given a single meal of the diets containing guanidinated protein and their ileal digesta was collected for 24 h in order to determine the total HA flow and the real ileal digestibility of lysine. Endogenous ileal lysine flow appeared to follow a sigmoid curve starting at about 370 mg/kg dry matter (DM) intake for pigs given the PF diet and continuing asymptotically to about 750 mg/kg DM intake when the inclusion level of the soya-bean protein product was increased to 182 g/kg (100 g/kg of CP). The endogenous ileal lysine flow for pigs given the PF diet was similar (P > 0·05) to that of pigs given 90 g/kg soya-bean protein (50 g/kg of CP) and it increased sharply (P < 0·05) as the level of soya-bean protein increased from 90 to 182 g/kg (50 to 100 g/kg of CP). Thereafter, it was relatively constant (P > 0·05). With an increase in soya-bean protein, there was a quadratic increase (P < 0·01) in the apparent ileal digestibilities for all amino acids except valine and phenylalanine. Standardized true ileal amino acid digestibility decreased (P < 0·05) with an increase in soya-bean protein level. However, real ileal amino acid digestibilities were not influenced (P > 0·05) by soya-bean protein in the diet at levels between 90 and 367 g/kg (50 and 200 g/kg of CP). In conclusion, endogenous ileal lysine flow was not constant and was significantly affected by soya-bean protein level. The results of this study suggest that standardized true ileal amino acid digestibility should be measured between 100 and 200 g/kg of CP (182 and 367 g/kg soya-bean protein) while real ileal amino acid digestibility is unaffected by protein levels between 50 and 200 g/kg of CP (90 and 367 g/kg soya-bean protein).

Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. 1. Effects of reducing protein level in diets containing high levels of lysine

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Taylor ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid

ABSTRACTSixty-four growing pigs, with equal numbers of females and castrated males, were fed diets containing from 10 to 17·6% crude protein but in which lysine was maintained at 0·95%. Over the 25 kg to 55 kg live-weight range studied, growth performance was unaffected by a reduction in crude protein level from 17·6 to 14·5%. Below 14·5% crude protein, daily live-weight gain and feed conversion ratio deteriorated linearly. Percentages of lean meat and fat in the middle joint showed similar trends. Significant sex effects were confined to carcass characteristics which indicated that the females produced leaner carcasses. It was concluded that below 14·5% crude protein a deficiency of the next limiting amino acid to lysine, or possibly non-essential nitrogen, depressed growth performance.

scholarly journals PSXI-21 Effects of different levels and protein sources on ruminal fermentation of feedlot Nellore steers fed high-concentrate diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 405-405
Author(s):  
Vinícius C De Souza ◽  
Juliana Messana ◽  
Erick Batista ◽  
Paulo Henrique Colovate ◽  
Maria Júlia Ganga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels (10 and 13% crude protein) and protein source on ruminal fermentation of feedlot Nellore steers fed high-concentrate diets. The protein sources tested were urea, dried distillers grains (DDG) and corn gluten meal. The DDG and gluten were used as RUP sources. We used 6 cannulated Nellore steers, rumen, duodenum, and ileum arranged in 6×6 Latin square designed in factorial (2 nitrogen levels and 3 protein sources) balanced for residues. The pH was measured immediately after rumen fluid sampling at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10h after feeding. The NH3-N concentrations were determined with micro-Kjeldahl apparatus. The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was assessed by gas chromatography. Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with repeated measures over time. There was no interaction between sampling time and treatments for NH3-N and pH (P &gt; 0.05). Animals fed diets containing Urea had a higher concentration of NH3-N (20.6 mg/dL) than animals supplemented with Gluten (16.2 mg/dL) or DDG (12.7 mg / dL). There was an increase in the NH3-N concentration (P = 0.049) with the increase of the protein level 10 to 13% CP with 14.7 and 18.3 mg/dL, respectively. The ruminal pH was affected by the dietary protein level (P = 0.016), in which animals fed a level of 10% CP had a higher pH (6.80) compared to the level of 13% CP (6.43). Total and individual VFA concentration was not affected by protein levels and sources (P &gt; 0.05). The reduction of N level and the use of RUP did not adversely affect the ruminal fermentation. Although significant differences were observed for pH, they were small and adequate for microbial protein synthesis in the rumen.

104 The Danish Perspective to Remove Medicinal Zinc and Reducing the Use of Antibiotics in Swine Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 103-104
Author(s):  
Hanne Maribo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Trial Testing ◽  
Ideal Protein

Abstract Diarrhoea in weaners has been commonly controlled by adding medicinal zinc (2500 ppm), but by June 2022 this was no longer allowed. In Denmark, antibiotics are accepted for therapeutic use only and usage is registered on pen level and is monitored by Danish authorities. This increases the risk of post-weaning diarrhoea. SEGES has tested several tools, additives e.g. organic acids, diet composition, raw materials e.g. blood plasma. Lowering the protein level in the diet post-weaning is very efficient, but adversely affects productivity. The latest results show on average that a reduction in protein from 19% to 15% in the weaner diet (6-9kg) results in a 60% reduction in diarrhoea; however, it also leads to a productivity loss of 1-1,5 euro. Reducing the protein level from 19% to 16,5% reduces the frequency of diarrhoea by 30% and the productivity loss by approx. 0,3 euro. A trial testing the possibility for compensation for this loss in the weaner period by adding extra protein and amino acids in the finisher diet (30–115 kg) is running now and preliminary results will be presented. Further results from trials reducing diarrhoea by reducing protein, a new way to calculate ideal protein and amino acid balances as well as results from concept tests with weaners will be presented. Further new results evaluating ideal protein and amino acid balances will be presented.

Amino acid digestibility in camelina products fed to growing pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N. Almeida ◽  
J. K. Htoo ◽  
J. Thomson ◽  
H. H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Camelina Oil

Almeida, F. N., Htoo, J. K., Thomson, J. and Stein, H. H. 2013. Amino acid digestibility in camelina products fed to growing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 335–343. Camelina seed production has increased in North America because of demand for camelina oil for biofuel production. Camelina expellers (CE) is the co-product that remains after oil has been expelled, and CE usually contains approximately 35% crude protein (CP), 14% ether extract, 10% crude fiber, and 5% ash making it an attractive feedstuff for livestock. An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in two sources of camelina seeds [CS-1 and CS-2; average: 39% acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), 28% CP, 27% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 12% acid detergent fiber (ADF), 4% ash] and in three sources of CE (CE-1, CE-2, and CE-3; average: 35% CP, 24% NDF, 15% AEE, 14% ADF, 6% ash) and to compare the SID of CP and AA in camelina products with the SID of CP and AA in solvent-extracted canola meal fed to pigs. Seven growing pigs (initial BW 43.5 kg) were randomly allotted to a 7×7 Latin square design with seven diets fed to individually housed pigs over seven periods. Six of the diets contained CS, CE, or canola meal as the sole source of CP and AA and a N-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The SID of CP in CS-1 and CE-2 was less (P<0.01) than the SID of CP in canola meal, but the SID of CP in CS-2, CE-1, and CE-3 was not different from the SID of CP in canola meal. The SID of Lys in CS-1 and CS-2 was less (P<0.01) than in canola meal, but the SID of Lys was not different among CE-1, CE-2, CE-3, and canola meal. Results from this experiment indicate that the SID of AA in CE is mostly comparable with that of canola meal, but the digestibility of CP and AA in the two camelina seeds was somewhat less than in CE and canola meal. Camelina expellers may, therefore, be included in diets fed to pigs.

Nutritional evaluation of meat–soya bean protein product blends

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Cichon ◽  
Krystyna Elkowicz ◽  
Halina Kozlowska ◽  
Antoni Rutkowski ◽  
Willem C. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Product ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Bean Protein

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Fecal Crude Protein, Amino Acids Flow Amount, Fecal and Ileal Microbial Amino Acids Composition and Amino Acid Digestibility in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Yang ◽  
Tianle He ◽  
Gifty Ziema Bumbie ◽  
Hong Hu ◽  
Qingju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of low protein corn-soybean meal-based diets on fecal CP, amino acid (AA) flow amount, AA digestibility and fecal and ileal microbial AA composition in growing pigs. Eighteen pigs (initial body weight = 30 ± 1.35) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with basal diets with CP levels of 12%, 15% and 18%, respectively. The Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp level in the 12% CP and 15% CP groups is the same as 18% CP group by the addition of four crystalline Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp to the diet. The results showed that with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%, the fecal total nitrogen (N), CP and total AA (TAA) flow amount decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Dry matter (DM) digestibility, CP digestibility, TAA digestibility, essential amino acid (EAA) digestibility and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) digestibility increased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP concentration from 18% to 12%. Compared with 18% CP group, the flow amount of Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, Tyr, Val, Leu and Phe in feces of pigs in the 15% CP group and 12% CP group decreased significantly, while the flow amount of Arg in the 15% CP group was lower than that in the 18% CP group and 12% CP group. The fecal microbial N and AA of the 15% CP group were higher than those of the 18% CP and 12% CP groups. Fecal TAA flow amount decreased linearly with the decrease of the dietary CP levels from 18% to 12%. Fecal TAA and NEAA flow amount also decreased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%. Except for Glu, Gly, Met, Tyr, Thr and Phe, there were significant differences among the three groups in the composition of 17 kinds of AAs in fecal microorganisms. Among the 17 AA compositions of ileal microorganisms, except Tyr and Lys, the other AAs were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05)

The digestion by cattle of barley and silage diets containing increasing quantities of soya-bean meal

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rooke ◽  
P. Alvareza ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Microbial N

SummaryA 4 x 4 latin-square design experiment was carried out to determine the effects of increasing nitrogen (N) intake by feeding diets containing increasing amounts of soyabean meal upon the digestion of organic matter (OM) and N by cattle equipped with rumen and duodenal cannulae. A basal diet (B) containing 600 g ground barley and 400 g grass silage/kg diet and three diets (BS1, BS2 and BS3) in which increasing amounts of the barley were replaced by soya-bean meal were fed. The mean daily intakes of OM and N when each diet was fed were 4·56, 4·55, 4·30 and 4·52 kg OM and 920, 114·7, 138·3 and 164·1 g N for diets B, BSl, BS2 and BS3 respectively.Neither the amounts of OM entering the small intestine nor those voided in the faeces were altered by the diets fed. Thus the mean apparent OM digestibility for all the diets fed was 0·74 + 0·013 and the proportion of digestible OM intake apparently digested in the rumen was 0·77 + 0048.Mean daily concentrations of ammonia N in the rumen were significantly (P < 0·001) increased from 38 mg N/l (diet B) to 129 mg N/l (diet BS3) as N intake increased.The quantities of non-ammonia N and of amino acid N entering the small intestine were not significantly (P >0·05) increased as more soya-bean meal was added to the diet, although diet BSl supported the greatest flows of N to the small intestine. Thus as more soya-bean meal was added to the diet there were increasing net losses of nonammoniaN(P < 0·01) and amino acid N (P < 0·01) prior to the small intestine. Faecal N excretion was not increased (P > 0·05) as soya-bean meal intake increased and thus apparent N digestibility was significantly (P < 0·01) increased by increasing soyabean intake.Both the quantities of microbial N entering the small intestine daily and the apparent efficiency of microbial N synthesis within the rumen were increased when diet BSl was fed in comparison with the basal diet (B) and then declined when diets BS2 and BS3 were fed; these increases were not significant. The quantities of feed N entering the small intestine daily were not significantly (P > 0·05) increased as soya-bean meal intake increased; thus apparent feed N degradability in the rumen was significantly (P < 0·01) increased as soya-bean meal intake increased. In contrast, the rates of disappearance of N from each of the components of the diets fed, when incubated in the rumens of the cattle in porous synthetic fibre-bags, were not increased (P > 0·05) as soya-bean meal intake increased.

Protein levels in diets for European pigs in the tropics. 1. The effect of methionine supplementation on the protein requirement of growing pigs

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Fetuga ◽  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Cystine Level

SUMMARYOne hundred and twenty-eight Landrace and Large White pigs were allocated on the basis of sex, litter origin and initial weight to one of 16 treatments, made up of four basal 16, 18, 20 and 22% protein diets, each supplemented with either 0·00, 0·10, 0·15 or 0·20% synthetic DL-methionine, at a common digestible energy level of 3740 kcal/kg. Pigs were reared between 8 and 50 kg live weight. Growth rate of pigs and efficiency of feed conversion were significantly improved as the protein levels were increased up to the 20% protein level, optimal performance being on the 20% protein diet, with added 0·15% methionine, giving a total methionine+cystine level of 0·65% and a lysine level of 1·07%. Addition of synthetic methionine to the diets resulted in significant improvement in the rate and efficiency of gain only at the 16 and 18% protein levels.Carcass leanness and fatness increased and decreased respectively over the whole range of protein levels. Graded addition of DL-methionine within each protein level did not influence carcass characteristics.Nitrogen retention showed optimal utilization of dietary nitrogen to be at the 18% protein level, with a total dietary methionine + cystine level of 0·61%, which was at variance with the levels indicated by both growth and feed efficiency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document