scholarly journals Definitional verbal patterns for semantic relation extraction

Terminology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Sierra ◽  
Rodrigo Alarcón ◽  
César Aguilar ◽  
Carme Bach
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Relation Extraction ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Machine Readable

In this paper we present a description of the role of definitional verbal patterns for the extraction of semantic relations. Several studies show that semantic relations can be extracted from analytic definitions contained in machine-readable dictionaries (MRDs). In addition, definitions found in specialised texts are a good starting point to search for different types of definitions where other semantic relations occur. The extraction of definitional knowledge from specialised corpora represents another interesting approach for the extraction of semantic relations. Here, we present a descriptive analysis of definitional verbal patterns in Spanish and the first steps towards the development of a system for the automatic extraction of definitional knowledge.

scholarly journals Pragmatička uloga različitih tipova šutnje u romanu Kafamda bir tuhaflik autora Orhana Pamuka

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 33-65
Author(s):  
Edina Solak ◽  
Mirza Bašić
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Turkish Language

In certain conversational settings, silence does not only represent the absence of speech, but it is used as a means of communication conveying different meanings. The objective of this paper is to analyze the pragmatic role of silence in Orhan Pamuk's novel Kafamda Bir Tuhaflık. Examples of silence are registered in the original text of the novel Kafamda Bir Tuhaflık and contrastive analysis was used to compare them with the types of silence presented in the translations to Bosnian language. This was used to try to establish whether certain types of silence have an identical pragmatic value in Turkish and Bosnian language. The analysis compares syntactic structures expressing different types of silence in the original text of the novel and its translations to Bosnian language. Turkish language is the initial language of the analysis. Therefore, syntactic structures expressing different examples of silence in the original text of the novel are compared to the translational equivalents in Bosnian language. The analysis of specific contextual examples shows that the success of interpersonal communication depends to a great extent on accurate knowledge and understanding of different types of silence. The results obtained from the analysis contribute to better knowledge and understanding of different types of silence in different conversational settings and they can serve as a good basis and a good starting point for further research regarding different types of silence.

On the Origin of the Spices (and Other Foodstuffs)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Desirable Outcome ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Good Starting Point

The beginning of the story of food is what is termed food production. This might sound logically like the process of making food, such as a chef or food company might, but this term is rather generally used in food science to refer to the so-called primary production of food, from growth of crops to harvesting of fish and minding and milking of cows. Primary production is, for example, what farmers do, producing the food that is brought to the farm-gate, from where the processors take over. So the food chain runs, according to your preference for a snappy soundbite, from grass to glass (for milk), farm to fork, slurry to curry, or (taking the food chain to its logical conclusion, and including the role of the human gut charmingly but appropriately in the chain) from farm to flush. But where do these raw materials that are yielded by primary production actually come from? It is often said that all things found on earth can be divided into categories of animal, vegetable, and mineral. To these could perhaps be added two more categories, microbial and synthetic (man-made). Within these five groups can essentially be placed everything we know as food, so using this classification to consider where our food comes from seems like a good starting point for this book. Perhaps the simplest group to start with is minerals, which might intuitively seem an unlikely source of foodstuffs (do we eat metal or rock?), until we consider where salt comes from and how much of it we add to our food (in other words, probably too much). Our bodies, however, absolutely need for us to consume certain metals and other chemical elements to survive, beyond the sodium and chloride we get from salt, and so many extracted minerals find their way from deposits in the earth into food products. This is particularly important where their biological effects are a desirable outcome (such as in carefully formulated nutritional products). In addition, products such as milk contain minerals like calcium, magnesium, zinc, and more, because the infant or calf needs them to thrive.

The Tolstoy Connection in Bakhtin

PMLA ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caryl Emerson
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Reader ◽  
Death In Literature ◽  
Binary Model ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Mikhail Bakhtin's work on Dostoevsky is well known. Less familiar, perhaps, is Bakhtin's attitude toward the other great Russian nineteenth-century novelist, Leo Tolstoy. This essay explores that “Tolstoy connection,” both as a means for interrogating Bakhtin's analytic categories and as a focus for evaluating the larger tradition of “Tolstoy versus Dostoevsky.” Bakhtin is not a particularly good reader of Tolstoy. But he does make provocative use of the familiar binary model to pursue his most insistent concerns: monologism versus dialogism, the relationship of authors to their characters, the role of death in literature and life, and the concept of the self. Bakhtin's comments on these two novelists serve as a good starting point for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the Bakhtinian model in general and suggest ways one might recast the dialogue between Tolstoy and Dostoevsky on somewhat different, more productive ground.

Theorizing the role of executive heads in international organizations

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hall ◽  
Ngaire Woods
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Political Resource ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Global Agency ◽  
The Impact

International Relations scholars have long neglected the question of leadership in international organizations. The structural turn in International Relations led to an aversion to analysing or theorizing the impact of individuals. Yet, empirical studies suggest that different leaders affect the extent to which international organizations facilitate cooperation among states and/or the capacity of a global agency to deliver public goods. It is difficult to study how and under what conditions leaders have an impact due to the challenges of attributing outcomes to a particular leader and great variation in their powers and operating context. We offer a starting point for overcoming these challenges. We identify three different types of constraints that executive heads face: legal-political, resource and bureaucratic. We argue that leaders can navigate and push back on each of these constraints and provide illustrations of this, drawing on existing literature and interviews with executive heads and senior management of international organizations. Executive heads of international organizations may operate in a constrained environment but this should not stop scholars from studying their impact.

scholarly journals Artificial moral agents: an intercultural perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Michael Nagenborg
Keyword(s):  
Poor Countries ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Artificial Moral Agents ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper I will argue that artificial moral agents (AMAs) are a fitting subject of intercultural information ethics because of the impact they may have on the relationship between information rich and information poor countries. I will give a limiting definition of AMAs first, and discuss two different types of AMAs with different implications from an intercultural perspective. While AMAs following preset rules might raise con-cerns about digital imperialism, AMAs being able to adjust to their user‘s behavior will lead us to the question what makes an AMA ?moral?? I will argue that this question does present a good starting point for an inter-cultural dialogue which might be helpful to overcome the notion of Africa as a mere victim.

Role of Mothers' Expansions in Stimulating Children's Language Production

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Scherer ◽  
Lesley B. Olswang
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Treatment Design

Mothers' expansions were examined for their role in structuring conversational contributions and facilitating spontaneous imitations and productions of two-term semantic relations not previously used by their children. The subjects were four 2-year-old boys in late Stage 1 of linguistic development and their mothers. The investigation consisted of two studies. Study 1, a descriptive analysis of mother-child conversation, showed a contingent relationship between mothers' expansions and their children's use of spontaneous imitations. Study 2, an experimental procedure using a multiple baseline treatment design, showed that an increase in the mothers' expansions was systematically related to an increase in the children's initial spontaneous imitations of two-term semantic relations. Results also indicated that following the increase in spontaneous imitations, spontaneous productions of the two-term relations increased and were maintained, whereas spontaneous imitations subsequently decreased.

Burying the Dead: Predicting the Purchase Intentions for Funeral Products Using the Theory of Reasoned Action

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092098491
Author(s):  
Tshegofatso Alice Monkge ◽  
Rina Makgosa
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Reasoned Action ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Burial Rituals ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study departs from the norm by investigating how attitudes and subjective norms conceptualized through the aggregated and disaggregated approaches predict intentions to purchase funeral products, as well as how the effects differ between groups based on past purchase behaviour. A structured questionnaire was self-administered to a purposeful sample of 500 Christians in Gaborone, Botswana, of which 457 (i.e., 91%) were useful responses. The findings of the aggregated approach show that both attitudes and subjective norms significantly and positively affect purchase intentions of funeral products. The effects are more evident for those who have purchased funeral products before, while the purchase intentions of those who have not purchased funeral products are influenced by subjective norms only. However, the findings based on the disaggregated approach reflect that motivation to comply is the most dominant, significant and positive predictor of intentions to purchase funeral products. Further results indicate that the intentions of those who have purchased funeral products before were significantly and positively influenced by evaluations, normative beliefs and motivation to comply, while the intentions of non-purchasers were only influenced significantly and positively by their motivation to comply. Thus, motivation to comply serves as a significant and positive predictor of intentions regardless of past purchase behaviour. The results imply that various components of attitudes and subjective norms affect intentions differently, and variations do exist in the effects according to the groups’ past purchase behaviour. This study adopts a consumer behaviour perspective in offering insight into Christian burial rituals. By applying the Theory of Reasoned Action, the link between intentions and its predictors is investigated, which extends the literature about the purchase of funeral products beyond the study of spending behaviour. Its concentration on Christians in Botswana also provides a good starting point for highlighting the role of religiosity on the purchase of funeral products, while embracing an understudied society.

scholarly journals The Hows and whys of philosophy of science teaching: a comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk W. de Regt ◽  
Edwin Koster
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Science Teaching ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Teaching Philosophy ◽  
Values In Science ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types

AbstractWhat makes teaching philosophy of science to non-philosophy students different from teaching it to philosophy students, and how should lecturers in philosophy adapt to an audience of practitioners of a field of study that they are reflecting on? In this paper we address this question by analyzing the differences between these student groups, and based on this analysis we make suggestions as to how philosophy of science can be taught to non-philosophy students in an effective and attractive way. Starting-point is the observation that not only the background knowledge and interests of these students but also the aims of the respective courses will differ. We present a comparative analysis of the demands and conditions for teaching philosophy of science to the different types of students, focusing on learning objectives and didactic approaches. Next, we apply our analysis to a concrete example, the role of values in science, and discuss how this may be taught to either philosophy students or non-philosophy students. Finally, we discuss an alternative format for teaching philosophy to non-philosophy students.

scholarly journals NPD accounting: unveiling the potential through pragmatic constructivism

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Teemu Laine ◽  
Petri Suomala ◽  
Hanne Nørreklit
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Multiple Viewpoints ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Pragmatic Constructivism ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types

This paper examines the potential value of accounting for the NPD managers and argues that accounting information could play a more versatile role in supporting managerial work in NPD that has been reported.  Besides providing facts, accounting may help managers identify their possibilities and communicate their values and valuations, which is to benefit the aims of product development process.The paper draws from the idea that the roles of accounting vary under different types of uncertainties present in NPD processes. Especially, other roles than that of an “answer machine” are favored. To investigate this, the approach of pragmatic constructivism is employed, i.e., we analyze NPD accounting through facts, possibilities, values and communication related to NPD management. Empirically, the paper is based on 28 interviewees in 10 companies with significant NPD activities to explore the roles of NPD accounting and compare the potential value of accounting to the accounting employment of the examined companies.From the perspective of pragmatic constructivism, the role of accounting should be clearly related to the analyses and communication of the possibilities and their values (ammunition device, learning device and rationalization device). If this was the case, accounting would be able to serve as an integrative device, which helps to identify (construct) causalities. However, the actual role given to accounting and identified by the managers is that of the provider of the seemingly objective economic facts (answer machine). Besides, the paper reports some best practices, where the managers either have started to actively identify learning opportunities from past projects through accounting information (“a learning theory of truth”) or used accounting information from multiple viewpoints to systematically analyze and value the existing possibilities (“systematic construction of models”).Pragmatic constructivism provides a solid starting point for identifying the gaps in the management practice that could be fulfilled by accounting employment. Moreover, with the central concepts of the approach, potentially more valuable accounting roles could also be analytically constructed and communicated to the practitioners. Besides addressing the gap between the potential and actual roles of NPD accounting, the paper represents the few attempts to elaborate the accounting roles in systematic decision-making through pragmatic constructivism. Thus, the paper reflects more explicitly also upon seminal work on the roles of accounting in managerial decisions.

scholarly journals Assessing quality in live interlingual subtitling: a new challenge

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle S. Robert ◽  
Aline Remael
Keyword(s):  
Named Entity Recognition ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Recognition Error ◽  
Named Entity ◽  
Speech Recognition Software ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Recognition Software

Quality-assessment models for live interlingual subtitling are virtually non-existent. In this study we investigate whether and to what extent existing models from related translation modes, more specifically the Named Entity Recognition (NER) model for intralingual live subtitling, provide a good starting point. Having conducted a survey of the major quality parameters in different forms of subtitling, we proceed to adapt this model. The model measures live intralingual quality on the basis of different types of recognition error by the speech-recognition software, and edition errors by the respeaker, with reference to their impact on the viewer’s comprehension. To test the adapted model we conducted a context-based study comprising the observation of the live interlingual subtitling process of four episodes of Dansdate, broadcast by the Flemish commercial broadcaster VTM in 2015. The process observed involved four “subtitlers”: the respeaker/interpreter, a corrector, a speech-to-text interpreter and a broadcaster, all of whom performed different functions. The data collected allow errors in the final product and in the intermediate stages to be identified: they include when and by whom they were made. The results show that the NER model can be applied to live interlingual subtitling if it is adapted to deal with errors specific to translation proper.

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