scholarly journals Anne Frank in the ultra-Catholic Franco period

Target ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-443
Author(s):  
María Jesús Fernández-Gil
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Castilian Spanish ◽  
Franco Period ◽  
Anne Frank

Abstract This paper examines Spaniards’ responses to the Americanised construction of Anne Frank and her diary. In addition to analysing the context in which the first translation into Castilian Spanish was published, consideration is given to the transformative moves that the original text and the Broadway and Hollywood rewritings of the diary underwent when they were made available in Spain in the second half of the 1950s. Special attention is paid to the discursive reconfiguration of the mythicised view built around the figure of Anne Frank in the United States and to its challenge and exploitation in the ultra-Catholic years of Franco’s regime. In that sense, one of the major driving forces behind this paper is answering the question of whether or not the reception of this text in Francoist Spain was affected by the fact that its author was an adolescent, a Jew, and a woman.

Psyche and Soul in America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Abzug
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Relationship

Rollo May (1909‒1994), internationally known psychologist and popular philosopher, came from modest roots in the small town Protestant Midwest intending to do “religious work” but eventually became a psychotherapist and in best-selling books like Love and Will and The Courage to Create he attracted an audience of millions of readers in the United States, Europe, and Asia. During the 1950s and 1960s, these books combined existentialism and other philosophical approaches, psychoanalysis, and a spiritually-philosophy to interpret the damage bureaucratic and technocratic aspects of modernity and their inability of individuals to understand their authentic selves. Psyche and Soul in America deals not only with May’s public contributions but also to his turbulent inner life as revealed in unprecedentedly intimate sources in order to demonstrate the relationship between the personal and public in a figure who wrote about intimacy, its loss, and ways to regain an authentic sense of self and others.

scholarly journals Corrigendum

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Alternative Treatments ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Baseline Activity ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Complicated Skin

Das B, Sarkar C, Das D et al. Telavancin: a novel semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide agent to counter the challenge of resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2017 Mar; 4(2): 49–73. DOI: 10.1177/2049936117690501 The authors wish to highlight the following corrections, which should have appeared in the original text: 1.  Page 49, Abstract, lines 4–5: Telavancin is approved for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) in the United States when alternative treatments are not available. In Russia and Canada, telavancin is approved for both complicated skin and skin-structure infections (cSSSI) and HABP/VABP. 2.  Page 50, right panel, para 2, lines 15–18: Revised per telavancin label based on latest PI and EMA (also pasted below). In the United States, telavancin is approved in adults for the treatment of cSSSI due to susceptible Gram-positive pathogens. In addition, telavancin is approved for HABP/VABP when alternative treatments are not suitable. In Canada and Russia, telavancin is approved for Gram-positive pathogens for the treatment of patients with cSSSI and HABP/VABP. In the European Union, telavancin is approved for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia, known or believed to be caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) when other alternative medicines are unsuitable. 3.  Page 51, right panel, para 1, lines 1–6: Per the latest (2016) telavancin PI, HABP/VABP indication for telavancin should be included. 4.  Page 51, Figure 1 caption: The hydrophilic nature of telavancin contributes to its half-life. 5.  Page 53, left panel, para “In vitro activity”, lines 5–8: As per the following (newer) article, which states that “Telavancin MIC is 16-32 fold lower than vancomycin against MRSA.” Mendes RE, Flamm RK, Farrell DJ, et al. Telavancin activity tested against Gram-positive clinical isolates from European, Russian and Israeli hospitals (2011–2013) using a revised broth microdilution testing method: redefining the baseline activity of telavancin. J Chemother 2015; 28: 83–88. DOI: 10.1179/1973947815Y.0000000050 6.  Page 53, right panel, para 1, lines 11–16: Per the Mendes et al. (2015) article listed above, telavancin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 16- to 32-fold lower than vancomycin against MRSA. 7.  Page 54, Table 1: These MIC values were estimated using old methods. Revise the MIC values based on the references for new MIC methods (see below). Farrell DJ, Mendes RE, Rhomberg PR, et al. Revised reference broth microdilution method for testing telavancin: effect on MIC results and correlation with other testing methodologies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58(9): 5547–5551. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.03172-14 8.  Page 61, right panel, para “ATTAIN trials (ATTAIN 1 and 2)”, lines 9–12: The ATTAIN trials did not include patients with “healthcare-associated pneumonia,” therefore, any mention of this is not correct.

How the Federal Republic Became an Immigration Country: Norms, Politics and the Failure of West Germany's Guest Worker System

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triadafilos Triadafilopoulos ◽  
Karen Schönwälder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
German Society ◽  
Guest Worker ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Migration Law

With the passage of a new citizenship law in 1999 and the so-calledZuwanderungsgesetz (Migration Law) of 2004, contemporary Germanyhas gone a long way toward acknowledging its status as an immigrationcountry (Einwanderungsland). Yet, Germany is still regarded bymany as a “reluctant” land of immigration, different than traditionalimmigration countries such as Canada, the United States, and Australia.It owes this image to the fact that many of today’s “immigrants”were in fact “guests,” invited to work in the Federal Republicin the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s and expected to leave when they wereno longer needed. Migration was meant to be a temporary measure,to stoke the engine of the Economic Miracle but not fundamentallyalter German society. The question, then, is how did these “guestworkers” become immigrants? Why did the Federal Republicbecome an immigration country?

scholarly journals Bug Off

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (10) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Leaf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
The 1950S

This article focuses on innovations done by engineers for spying. If there has been espionage, engineers have been a part of it. In World War II, infiltrators and downed pilots had to be able to find their way behind enemy lines. Compasses were hidden in cufflinks, pencil clips, and buttons. Maps were printed on rice paper so they wouldn't rustle when opened. British pilots wore special flying boots with cutaway tops that, when removed, left normal-looking shoes. Bugging is another method of the spy. The purpose of a bug is to detect sound vibrations in air or in other materials, such as wood, plaster, or metal. A good bug must reject unwanted noise, be easily concealed, and be energy efficient. The United States had an entire listening kit in the 1950s and 1960s with an assortment of accessories like a tie clip and wristwatch microphones.

Altar Call in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta A. Balbier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Altar Call ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
International Ministry

This book provides a transnational history of Billy Graham’s revival work in the 1950s, zooming in on his revival meetings in London (1954), Berlin (1954/1960), and New York (1957). It shows how Graham’s international ministry took shape in the context of transatlantic debates about the place and future of religion in public life after the experiences of war and at the onset of the Cold War, and through a constant exchange of people, ideas, and practices. It explores the transnational nature of debates about the religious underpinnings of the “Free World” and sheds new light on the contested relationship between business, consumerism, and religion. In the context of Graham’s revival meetings, ordinary Christians, theologians, ministers, and church leaders in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom discussed, experienced, and came to terms with religious modernization and secular anxieties, Cold War culture, and the rise of consumerism. The transnational connectedness of their political, economic, and spiritual hopes and fears brings a narrative to life that complicates our understanding of the different secularization paths the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany embarked on in the 1950s. During Graham’s altar call in Europe, the contours of a transatlantic revival become visible, even if in the long run it was unable to develop a dynamism that could have sustained this moment in these different national and religious contexts.

Russia and Europe: historical lessons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Vinokurov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
Otto Von Bismarck ◽  
The Military

Тhe article deals with the results of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. The analysis of these largest wars in the history of Russian-European relations is carried out, their comparison is made, their nature, character and driving forces are revealed. On the basis of this, it is concluded that both sides have not made the proper conclusions: Europe — in terms of the expediency and consequences of an attack on Russia, thereby violating the will of the iron Chancellor Otto von Bismarck: "Make alliances with anyone, start any wars, but never touch the Russians." Russia — timely opening and preparation for the upcoming tests in relations with Europe. Against the background of more than 200 years of history, the current state of relations between Russia and Europe, which has reached a low level, is considered. Although the leading European states, Germany and France, have not stopped political contacts with Russia, but the content of these contacts has become significantly poorer, the format has narrowed, and the tone has sharpened. In the military sphere, Europe in the Russian direction follows in principle the same course as the United States. Within the framework of NATO, European countries, led by the United States, have taken a number of steps that have restored, so far at a symbolic level, the military confrontation with Russia in eastern Europe. Moscow, for its part, has stepped up its own military activities near its western borders. As a result, Europe has ceased to be the island of security that it remained for the previous quarter of a century. This does not mean, of course, that relations between Russia and European countries are ending. In fact, Russia's practical needs require easing tensions with Europe as its largest trade and economic partner. With this in mind, Moscow has achieved some success in replacing the almost non-existentties with Brussels with meaningful bilateral relations with some EU countries. Despite the fact that the European Union's foreign policy apparatus is unable to form a unified geopolitical, economic and cultural front against Moscow, there is every reason to believe that the Kremlin intends to be guided by this strategy of bilateral relations in the coming years.

Innovation Drives the Economy—an Old Idea with New Implications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Popp Berman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technological Leadership ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

This chapter begins by introducing market-logic experiments undertaken in the mid-1970s. Like earlier efforts, these practices encountered limitations and did not, at the time, look poised to take off. But this time, things would be different, as a new idea started to gain influence in the policy realm. While economists had been looking seriously at the impact of innovation since the 1950s, policymakers' attention to the issue was limited before 1970. A spurt of interest in innovation in the early 1970s fizzled out when the economy rebounded briefly, but as the economy lost steam mid-decade, industry leaders, concerned with indicators suggesting that the United States was losing its technological leadership, began to push the idea that government needed to act to strengthen innovation. In the latter part of the decade, the innovation issue would become politically salient and influential, and would shape a variety of policies meant to strengthen the U.S. economy.

Last Years

2018 ◽  
pp. 376-386
Author(s):  
Robert E. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Ruptured Aneurysm ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
The West ◽  
Richard Nixon ◽  
The 1950S

This chapter details Ernst Kantorowicz's final years. Kantorowicz died of a ruptured aneurysm in September 1963. Before this, he worked on a succession of recondite articles, attended the annual meetings of the Medieval Academy and the Byzantine Institute at “Oakbarton Dumps,” vacationed on the West Coast and the Virgin Islands, and carried on earnestly with his dining and imbibing. His politics also became more leftward from the postwar years until the time of his death. For a decade and a half he was deeply worried about the possibility of nuclear war, and he held the United States responsible. During the 1950s, he was bitterly hostile to Dwight Eisenhower and Richard Nixon. On the day after Kennedy's inauguration, Kantorowicz wrote the he “couldn't be worse than Eisenhower, ” although he did change his mind.

Biodefense and Emergency Use Authorization: Different Originations, Purposes, and Evolutionary Paths of Institutions in the United States and South Korea

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
HyunJung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Level Analysis

Abstract Background: Historical institutionalism (HI) determines that institutions have been transformed by a pattern of punctuated evolution due to exogenous shocks. Although scholars frequently emphasize the role of agency - endogenous factors – when it comes to institutional changes, but the HI analytic narratives still remain in the meso-level analysis in the context of structure and agency. This article provides domestic and policy-level accounts of where biodefense institutions of the United States and South Korea come from, seeing through emergency-use-authorization (EUA) policy, and how the EUA policies have evolved by employing the policy-learning concepts through the Event-related Policy Change Model. Results: By employing the Birkland’s model, this article complements the limitation of the meso-level analysis in addressing that the 2001 Amerithrax and the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak rooted originations and purposes of the biodefense respectively. Since the crisis, a new post-crisis agenda in society contributed to establishing new domestic coalition, which begin to act as endogenous driving forces that institutionalize new biodefense institutions and even reinforce them through path dependent way when the institutions evolved. Therefore, EUA policy cores (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in the United States and Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention (NPI) in South Korea keep strengthened during the policy revisions. Conclusions: The United States and South Korea have different originations and purposes of biodefense, which are institutions evolving through self-reinforce dependent way based on the lessons learned from past crises. In sum, under the homeland security biodefense institution, the US EUA focuses on the development of specialized, unlicensed PEP in response to public health emergencies; on the other hand, under the disease containment-centric biodefense institution, the Korean EUA is specialized to conduct NPI missions in response to public health emergencies.

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