On contact-induced grammaticalization

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Heine ◽  
Tania Kuteva
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Conceptual Transfer ◽  
Grammatical Change ◽  
Exclusive Processes

Grammaticalization is based on universal strategies of conceptual transfer. Contact-induced language change on the other hand is an areally confined process resulting from specific historical events. What this suggests is that the two constitute quite divergent phenomena and, in fact, in the relevant literature they tend to be described as mutually exclusive processes. Accordingly, this literature abounds with discussions on whether some specific grammatical change is due to the former or the latter. The position taken in this paper is that the two are in no way mutually exclusive; rather, perhaps more often than not, they jointly conspire in triggering grammatical change.

Isoglosses and language change: Evidence of the rise and loss of isoglosses from a comparison of early Greek and early English

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-575
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Lavidas
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Considerable Distance ◽  
Causative Constructions ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Structural Ambiguity ◽  
Early English ◽  
Aspectual Verbs

Abstract We analyze the rise and loss of isoglosses in two Indo-European languages, early Greek and early English, which, however, show considerable distance between their structures in many other domains. We follow Keidan’s approach (2013), that has drawn the attention on the fact that the study of isoglosses (i.e., linguistic features common to two or more languages) is connected with common innovations of particular languages after the split into sub-groups of Indo-European: this type of approach aims at collecting isoglosses that appear across the branches of Indo-European. We examine the rise of the isogloss of labile verbs and the loss of the isogloss of the two classes of aspectual verbs in early Greek and early English. Our study shows that the rise of labile verbs in both languages is related to the innovative use of intransitives in causative constructions. On the other hand, the innovations in voice morphology follow different directions in Greek and English and are unrelated to the rise of labile verbs. In contrast to labile verbs, which are still predominant for causative-anticausative constructions in both languages, the two classes of aspectual verbs are lost in the later stages of Greek but are predominant even in Present-day English. Again, a “prerequisite” change for the isogloss can be easily located in a structural ambiguity that is relevant for aspectual verbs in early Greek and early English. However, another independent development, the changes in verbal complementation (the development of infinitival and participial complements) in Greek and English, determined the loss of this isogloss.

scholarly journals The Impact of Task-Based Approach on EFL Learner’s Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Dr. Omer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Task Based Instruction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Teaching Instruction

<p><em>The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which task-based instruction affecting EFL learners’ performance. This paper covers the impact of task approach on EFL learners’ performance. It shades light on the relevant literature reviewed and studies on TBLT. At the same time, t</em><em>he speaking skill and s</em><em>peaking sub-skills are introduced as a base for t</em><em>eaching and developing speaking activities. On the other hand, the paper reflects on implementing task-based instruction and the p</em><em>rinciples for implementation by drawing a framework for implementation, and factors affecting implementation of TBI. On the above findings, the researcher recommends that teaching instruction should be given more attention in EFL classes in the light of using task-based approach. Also the researcher suggests that further research is needed to explore more in the effectiveness of task-based programs on EFL learner’s performance as well as its fluency.</em></p>

scholarly journals La rocca Paolina di Perugia. Da baluardo dell’inaccessibilità a landmark dell’accessibilità

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Belardi ◽  
Luca Martini ◽  
Valeria Menchetelli
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Continuous Evolution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The Rocca Paolina of Perugia. From a fortress of inaccessibility to a landmark of accessibilityBuilt in the Perugia acropolis in the mid-sixteenth century as a physical expression of the oppressive reprisal of Pope Paul III against the city’s seigniory of the Baglioni family, the Rocca Paolina has always been hated by the Perugia people who, on several occasions during the nineteenth century, did not hesitate to demolish it. The historical events of this fortified architecture are ambiguously linked with its iconographic value, oscillating around a balance in continuous evolution that sees it on the one hand as a fortress of inaccessibility and on the other hand as a flywheel of accessibility.

The varieties of ethical experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-190
Author(s):  
Peter J. Rosan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Precise Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Ways Of Being

This article offers original phenomenological descriptions of empathy, sympathy, and compassion. These descriptions are based on empirical research, and they sample the variety of ways the subject may respond to the suffering of another person. The structure of these different, but similar ways of being are then taken up as clues hinting at a sensibility bearing on the formation of an ethical life. This sensibility is essentially twofold in character. On the one hand, a pairing of the perceived similarities between subject and other opens the subject to a resonance with the humanity of the other. On the other hand, the other’s expressive life awakens the subject’s interest in wanting to know the meaning of these expressions for the other or calls forth a caring regard for the well-being of the other. The ways of being represented by empathy, sympathy, and compassion may be viewed as different ways of organizing or rendering a precise form to the constitutive strands of the aforementioned sensibility. The relevant literature in phenomenology and ethics is commented on as it informs the discussion, but is kept to a minimum.

scholarly journals DAKWAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN INTELEKTUALITAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhtadin Dg. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interesting Fact ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Da'wah and intellectualism have a close relationship with each other. On one hand, Islamic preaching must be conveyed in a professional way, and on the other hand, it requires the incolvement of the intellecuals as a community at the forefront of missionary activity. There are two categories of intellectuals: first, Ulul Albab, the intellectuals who are able to draw conclusions, lessons and warnings from the Quran, historical events and phenomena. Second, ulama who has the same duties as the intellectual, whose task is to observe the whole teachings of Islam, interpret and convey them to the public, as well as to build a civilization. Intellectualis and Muslim scholars, both as the subject and object of Islamic preaching, is an interesting fact to be studied in order to create such packagings of Islamic preaching as materials, methods and media that are effective to establish the best people and happiness in the afterlife.

scholarly journals Triple Bottom Line and Sustainability: A Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Alhaddi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Triple Bottom Line ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental

Triple bottom line (TBL) and sustainability are two related constructs that are used interchangeably in the literature.  A comprehensive review of the relevant literature was conducted and revealed an inconsistent use of the term sustainability.  On the other hand, consistency in terms of referring to the three lines simultaneously is built into the structure of TBL as the construct is explicitly based on the integration of the social, environmental, and economic lines.  The purpose of this paper is not to support an argument that favors the use of one term over the other, but to provide an overview of the presence of both terms in the literature. In light of that, researchers in the business, management, and sustainability fields are encouraged to pay particular attention to how they use these terms in their studies.

scholarly journals The destruction of Jerusalem and the transmission of the Synoptic eschatological discourse

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Narrative Context ◽  
The Temple

This study examines the eschatological discourses in Matthew and Luke. Each is considered in its narrative context, and with detailed attention given to developments in the transmission from their common source, Mark. While both reflect awareness of historical events during the period between the composition of Mark and the time of writing, they relate to the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple very differently. While Matthew is clearly written after 70 CE, the eschatological discourse is not influenced by the events of that period. The eschatological discourse in Luke, on the other hand, has been fundamentally reshaped in the light of those events.

scholarly journals Das Präteritum im Alemannischen Südwestdeutschlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Leonhard
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Language Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Terminal Point ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Semantic Value

Zusammenfassung This paper analyses the increase in the use of the preterite in spoken Alemannic in south-western Germany. There are almost no recent studies that explore the preterite in Upper German because of the widespread hypothesis that there is no preterite in Upper German (except for the verb sein ‘to be’) due to the loss of the preterite in Upper German (Oberdeutscher Präteritumschwund). In contrast to this, I account for a language change in the timespan from 1974 to 2013 in which the preterite becomes more frequent in relation to the perfect and is now part of the spoken Alemannic in south-western Germany. To account for this, I use a combination of a real time and an apparent time analysis. Additionally, all verbs forming a preterite have a specific semantic value, i. e. an inherent meaning of state. This means they are durative (=the situation lasts for a certain period of time), atelic (=the situation has no terminal point at which the situation is complete) and non-dynamic (=the situation involves no change). Perfect forms on the other hand do not have this specific semantic value.

Geographical Ideas and the Conquest of Venezuela

1959 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Friede
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Decisive Importance

The geographical configuration of a territory undoubtedly has great influence on events there. Geography guides migration, decides the economic life of the region, weakens or strengthens its people, and opens or closes the roads to cultural influences and to foreign invasions.On the other hand the influence of “false geography,” that is the mistaken ideas of the location of a certain territory, carried on by tradition penetrates the minds of people and lures them to attempt enterprises they would not try otherwise. And even though these projects originate in erroneous, objectively false concepts, they still produce important historical events of decisive importance.

scholarly journals Sustaining subsistence culture in Mamar agroforestry management in West Timor, is it possible?

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Alfred Umbu Kuala Ngaji ◽  
Muhammad Baiquni ◽  
Hatma Suryatmojo ◽  
Eko Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
West Timor

A subsistence culture which has moral values related to the protection of ancestral territories and the environment, must be maintained in the management of Mamar agroforestry. On the other hand, subsistence culture is often seen as a counter-modernization culture because it is not commercially oriented. This paper aims to provide an overview of the subsistence culture and its relationship to the preservation of Mamar agroforestry and the potential stresses it faces, as well as quantify the opportunities for sustaining a subsistence culture in today’s West Timorese society. The method used is literature study using Google Scholar and other relevant literature. As it is known, the demands of life necessities and lifestyles, global climate change, and government policies are the pressing factors for land conversion, including in Mamar. On the other hand, a culture of subsistence tends to maintain moral values in cultivating land that preserves nature, thereby reducing pressure for Mamar land conversion. The conclusion obtained is that a subsistence culture needs to be maintained and become a locomotive for maintaining the sustainability of development as a whole, by reducing the causes of vulnerability in society. Economic and social interests can be integrated due to compliance with strong social structures.

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