Geographical Ideas and the Conquest of Venezuela

1959 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Friede

The geographical configuration of a territory undoubtedly has great influence on events there. Geography guides migration, decides the economic life of the region, weakens or strengthens its people, and opens or closes the roads to cultural influences and to foreign invasions.On the other hand the influence of “false geography,” that is the mistaken ideas of the location of a certain territory, carried on by tradition penetrates the minds of people and lures them to attempt enterprises they would not try otherwise. And even though these projects originate in erroneous, objectively false concepts, they still produce important historical events of decisive importance.

Philosophy ◽  
1940 ◽  
Vol 15 (58) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Laird

In the pages that are to follow I shall try to discuss the validity and the sufficiency of a celebrated moral principle of Kant's “So act as to treat humanity, whether in thine own person or in that of any other, always as an end, never merely as a means.” In doing so, I shall say quite a lot about Kant, because his statement of the principle has had great influence, because he gave his genius to its elaboration, because he illustrated and defended it in ways that deserve a close examination. On the other hand, my principal purpose is not to supply a piece of Kantian exegesis interspersed with sundry criticisms. In the main I want to discuss the principle, as people say, “on its merits.” In so far as I discuss Kant himself, I am doing so with the object of eliciting these merits.


ALQALAM ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal

The Sunni doctrine plays an important role in the government. Its accommodative characteristic is something important that makes Sunni doctrine to be a device of the legitimation of the authority. The Muslim thinkers of classical Sunni such as al-Mawardi (975-1058 M), al-Ghazali (1058-1111 M) and lbn Taimiyah(1263-1329 M) have a great role in formulating the political doctrine of Sunni. In spite of the different nuance, all of these three classical Sunni thinkers develop the moderate political doctrine of Sunni. On the one hand, it is, of course, significant in situating the harmonious relation between the ruler and community. Therefore, the social and political stabilities will be well-maintained On the other hand, such a thought for a certain extent evokes stagnancy. Because there is no radical thought which is critical and opposite against the authority, the Sunni idea is frequently made use for the instantaneous interests of power. On evenlttally, the mutual interrelationship between the Sunni ulama and the ruler often happens. While ulama feel obtaining the patronage from the authority, the ruler gains religious justification from ulama. In this context, Indonesia as the country with the majority of Sunni Muslims, as a matter of fact, applies the political doctrine of Sunni. It is because Sunni has had a long and establishei root since. the period of Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago, before Dutch-Colonial period. The archipelago ulama also formulated the harmonious relation between Islam and authority as formulated by the ulama of classical Sunni. The polotical tradition of Sunni was becoming stronger in line with the great influence of ulama in the archipelago kingdoms. This article tries to elaborate the relation between the Sunni ulama with the power of the kings in the archipelago and the patronage of the archipelago rulers toward them.


X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Belardi ◽  
Luca Martini ◽  
Valeria Menchetelli

The Rocca Paolina of Perugia. From a fortress of inaccessibility to a landmark of accessibilityBuilt in the Perugia acropolis in the mid-sixteenth century as a physical expression of the oppressive reprisal of Pope Paul III against the city’s seigniory of the Baglioni family, the Rocca Paolina has always been hated by the Perugia people who, on several occasions during the nineteenth century, did not hesitate to demolish it. The historical events of this fortified architecture are ambiguously linked with its iconographic value, oscillating around a balance in continuous evolution that sees it on the one hand as a fortress of inaccessibility and on the other hand as a flywheel of accessibility.


Classics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abram Ring

Latin historiography can mean how history was written in Latin in ancient times and how modern scholars interpret histories written in Latin. Here the works cited cover Latin historiography from its origins in Cato the Elder (2nd century bce) and the early Roman annalists to the historians of the Late Empire (5th century ce). The biggest controversy in this field comes out of differing interpretations of the relationship between rhetoric and history. Rhetoric was undeniably ever present in Latin historiography, but many modern historians of the ancient world would prefer to see rhetoric as mere ornamentation that we can carefully remove in order to find the truth buried underneath. Literary scholars of historiography, on the other hand, argue that some ancient thinkers thought of history as a branch of rhetoric or at least as inextricable from rhetoric, and that we must remember that rhetorical inventio was basically a process of fictional composition, so sometimes ancient histories may be more fictional than historical in the modern sense. Both sides will agree that ancient histories are much different from modern historical writing, and that the reader must always be aware of rhetoric and other cultural influences in order to get the most out of the texts. History was a fluid genre in the ancient world and had close connections with prose genres such as geography and ethnography as well as poetic genres such as tragedy and epic—these connections help to illustrate just how different Roman histories are from modern historical writing.


2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Saibatul Hamdi ◽  
Arhamsyah Arhamsyah

Development of the rattan furniture industry today is quite fast although the amount of raw materials are decreasing, especially in commersial rattan commodities such as Manau,  Irit, Taman, Sega, etc. Their price is quite expensive too five species of rattan were used as research materials. There are Manau (Calamus mettanensis Becc), Toho (Calamus sp), Galang (Daemonorops verticilaris Griff Mart), Hijau (Calamus sp) and simpurut (Calamus panajuga Becc). For finishing materials, clear glass melamine (ML 131 and NC 141) were used in this research with three different immersion timer for 24 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours long. An immersion method without using any finishing materials was done as control materials. Result show that the average of volume expansion of rattan speseis using NC 141 are 1,56-3,16% in Marau; 1,36-2,91%; in Toho; 2,01-3,05% in Galang; 2,12-3,20% in Hijau and 1,90-2,14 in Simpurut. In the other hand, the average of volume expansion of rattan species using melamin ML 131 are 1,27-2,58% in Marau; 1,46-2,51% in Toho; 2,30-3,23% in galang; 1,10-2,79% in Hijau and 1,45-2,55% in Simpurut. In control materials the average of expantion volume in 5 species rattans is 2,53-3,99%. From those results, the best method was shown in using NC 141 which can prevent the volume expansion and give great influence in volume expansion value.Keywords: rattan, finishing material, melamine ML 131, melamine NC 141, volume expantion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Yuliana Krismonni ◽  
Putra Pratama Saputra

ABSTRAKPembangunan merupakan suatu proses yang mengarah pada perubahan dalam kehidupan masyarakatnya, baik dari kehidupan sosial, ekonomi, politik dan lain sebagainya menuju arah yang lebih baik lagi. Pada dasarnya dalam suatu pembangunan ditujukan bagi masyarakatnya. Disisi lain hal ini juga bisa berimplikasi atau berdampak bagi kehidupan masyarakatnya. Pembangunan yang tidak berorientasi pada masyarakatnya tentunya akan memberikan dampak yang negatif pula kepada masyarakatnya, dan sebaliknya pembangunan yang berorientasikan kepada masyarakatnya tentu akan memberikan dampak yang positif pula tidak hanya bagi masyarakatnya, juga bagi pihak yang terlibat dalam proses pembangunan tersebut.Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana dampak yang ditimbulkan dari adanya pembangunan objek wisata ini bagi kehidupan sosial-ekonomi masyarakatnya, dan melihat apakah dengan adanya objek wisata ini dapat mensejahterahkan hidup masyarakatnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara dengan informan, dan data sekunder berupa beberapa jurnal, literatur review, dan bebetapa penelitian terdahulu, penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Mekar Jaya Kecamatan Manggar Kabupaten Belitung Timur. Hasil dari penelitian ini yakni adanya pembangunan unit usaha waterboom ini pada kenyataannya belum terlalu memberikan dampak yang cukup signifikan bagi kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakatnya. Hal tersebut dapat terlihat karena dari segi pembangunan yang dilakukan belum terlaksana sepenuhnya, karena terkendala dalam beberapa hal. Sehingga hal ini menghambat dalam proses pembangunan yang ada.  ABSTRACTDevelopment is a process that leads to changes in the life of the people, from social, economic, political and other life towards a better direction. Basically, in a development aimed at the community. On the other hand, this can also have implications or impacts on the life of the community. Development that is not oriented towards the community will certainly have a negative impact on the community, and on the other hand, development that is oriented towards the community will certainly have a positive impact not only on the community, but also for those involved in the development process.The purpose of this research is to see how the impact of the development of this tourist attraction for the socio-economic life of the people, and to see whether the existence of this tourist attraction can make the lives of the people prosperous. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with primary data obtained from interviews with informants, and secondary data in the form of several journals, literature reviews, and some previous research. The result of this research is that the development of the waterboom business unit has not had a significant impact on the socio-economic life of the community. This can be seen because from a development perspective it has not been fully implemented, due to constraints in several ways. So that this hinders the existing development process.


Author(s):  
Loredana Terec-Vlad ◽  
Alexandru Trifu

During the last decades, the term postmodernity has been highly invoked, on the one hand, or ignored, on the other hand. It is a term that can be found in the writings of various philosophers and sociologists, and is almost ignored and less meaningful within the economic thinking.At first view and analysis, postmodernity is the successor of the modern age, modernity in other words. However, the concept has much deeper meanings; it regards the future, foreshadowing the new realities of today's world, which are very complex and dynamic, and come under endogenous and exogenous influences, activities and issues that are permanently under the influence of multiple and multidimensional challenges [7]. In fact, the period of globalization, of the new trends of the revolutionary ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), is believed to overlap the period of postmodernism.From the philosophical point of view, but also in consonance with the economic life and realities, the individuals and entities of any nature should be characterized by adaptability, the ability to respond promptly and appropriately to the impulses and reactions that affect that system.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhtadin Dg. Mustafa

Da'wah and intellectualism have a close relationship with each other. On one hand, Islamic preaching must be conveyed in a professional way, and on the other hand, it requires the incolvement of the intellecuals as a community at the forefront of missionary activity. There are two categories of intellectuals: first, Ulul Albab, the intellectuals who are able to draw conclusions, lessons and warnings from the Quran, historical events and phenomena. Second, ulama who has the same duties as the intellectual, whose task is to observe the whole teachings of Islam, interpret and convey them to the public, as well as to build a civilization. Intellectualis and Muslim scholars, both as the subject and object of Islamic preaching, is an interesting fact to be studied in order to create such packagings of Islamic preaching as materials, methods and media that are effective to establish the best people and happiness in the afterlife.


2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.H. Taylor

This study examines the eschatological discourses in Matthew and Luke. Each is considered in its narrative context, and with detailed attention given to developments in the transmission from their common source, Mark. While both reflect awareness of historical events during the period between the composition of Mark and the time of writing, they relate to the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple very differently. While Matthew is clearly written after 70 CE, the eschatological discourse is not influenced by the events of that period. The eschatological discourse in Luke, on the other hand, has been fundamentally reshaped in the light of those events.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Grace Sella Widhi Asih

Teleng Ria Beach is the one of Beaches in Pacitan that has a beautiful panorama. This beach is 3 kilometers from Pacitan’s square. This article was written to describe the socio-cultural and economic life of the Teleng Ria Pacitan Coast community to the public. The purpose of this research is to analyse the socio-cultural and economic life of the Teleng Ria Pacitan Coast community so that give knowledge to reader. The research method is qualitative descriptive. The result of this research explain that there is ritual to celebrate the replacement of the Islamic New Year, Larung sesaji. Larung sesaji is ritual parading cone to the middle of Teleng Ria Pacitan Beach, with the purpose to refuse advesity. On the other hand, economic life realized through their job, such as fisherman, fish sellers, etc. With this result, public know Teleng Ria Pacitan Beach through the socio-cultural and economic life of the coast comunity


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