Why is dialogical solving of a logical problem more effective than individual solving?

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Trognon ◽  
Martine Batt ◽  
Jennifer Laux
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Logical Form ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Logical Problem ◽  
Psychology Of Reasoning ◽  
Methodological Solipsism ◽  
Experimental Group

We study the accomplishment of the abstract version of Wason’s selection task in a cooperative dialogue context that has been neglected in the research devoted to this task. 123 psychology students, 75 in their third year and 48 in their first year of studies participated in the experiment. 59 students performed the task individually (control group) and 32 in dyads (experimental group) while we recorded their dialogues. In accordance with the literature, the dyads outperform significantly the students working alone. To discover the strategies implemented in the four dyads which succeeded, we analyzed their respective dialogues with a theory (‘Interlocutory Logic’) of the logical form of conversational events as they are manifested phenomenally in natural language. We show that these strategies are situated and emergent products of the dialogue, since no member of the dyads knew them before the interaction. So, it is surely by supporting the emergence of such joint cognition that the interaction is a factor of cognitive progress. We conclude this research by some remarks on the Wason’s task and moreover on the methodological solipsism in the psychology of reasoning.

scholarly journals Showercap Mindmap: a spatial activity for learning physiology terminology and location

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Vanags ◽  
Mira Budimlic ◽  
Elissa Herbert ◽  
Melena M. Montgomery ◽  
Tracy Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Multisensory Learning ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Transfer Appropriate Processing ◽  
Verbal Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Students struggle with the volume and complexity of physiology terminology. We compared first-year undergraduate psychology students' learning of physiological terms using two teaching methods: one verbal (control group; n = 16) and one spatial and multisensory (experimental group; n = 19). The experimental group used clear plastic shower caps to mark brain regions and affix labels to another participant's head. The control group learned the material verbally through a game. When tested verbally, both the control and experimental groups recalled more of the 10 terms immediately after the activity (+106% and +83%, respectively) and 2 wk later (+53% and +31%, respectively) than at the pretest ( P < 0.0005). When participants' knowledge was tested spatially (labeling a brain diagram), the experimental group recalled more terms at the posttest (+76%) and followup (+73%) than at the pretest ( P < 0.0005), but the control group who showed no improvement at either time point (+12% and +14%, respectively). These findings support the notion that spatial and multisensory learning produces improved spatial recall over time while also supporting the notion of transfer-appropriate processing.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING ANIMAL CARTOON PICTURES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanul Arifin Zul And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Written Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of applying animal cartoon pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims to find whether applying animal cartoon pictures significantly affect the students’ writing achievement or not. The data in this study were obtained by administering a written test. The population was the 2015/2016 first year (grade XI) of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam and 66 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by applying animal cartoon pictures while the control group without animal cartoon pictures (x = lecturing). The data were taken the scores from the pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed is higher than t-table (5.21 >1,67) with the degree of freedom 64 (df =N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the application of animal cartoon pictures significantly affected the students of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam achievement in writing narrative text.

THE EFFECT OF USING NOTING INTERACTING SUMMARIZING AND PRIORITIZING STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maruh Sianturi And Berlin Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was aimed at finding out the effect of using Noting, Interacting, Summarizing, and Prioritizing Strategy on Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension. This study was designed with the experimental design. The population of this study was the first year students at academic 2013/2012 of SMA swasta YP St. Paulus Martubung, Medan. There were fourty students taken as the sample of the research. The sample was divided into two groups: the first group (20 students) as the experimental group and the second group (20 students) as the control group. The experimental group was taught by Using Noting, Interacting, Summarizing, and Prioritizing Strategy, while the control group was taught by using conventional method. The instrument for collecting the data was multiple choices which consisted of 40 items. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used Kuder -Richardson (KR-21) formula. The calculation showed that the reliability of the test was 0.75. The data were calculated by using t-test formula. The result of the analysis shows that t-observed (4.98) was higher than t-table (2.025) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 and the degree of freedom (df) 38. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It meant that teaching reading comprehension by using Noting, Interacting, Summarizing, and Prioritizing Strategy significantly affects reading comprehension.

OP08 Levels and sources of stress reported by first year paramedic students associated with their first ambulance placement

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. A4.2-A4
Author(s):  
Matthew Warren-James ◽  
Julie Hanson ◽  
Belinda Flanagan ◽  
Mary Katsikitis ◽  
Bill Lord
Keyword(s):  
Death And Dying ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

BackgroundWhilst there is evidence to suggest paramedics experience significant stress when working in the ambulance setting little is known about the experiences of first year paramedic students. This research aimed to: (i) identify whether levels of stress, anxiety and depression experienced by first year paramedic students changed after ambulance placement compared to a control group, and (ii) identify the main perceived and actual sources of stress around ambulance placement.MethodsA before-and-after quasi-experimental design was used to compare whether the experience of ambulance placement altered the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in an experimental group that attended an ambulance placement (n = 20) and the control group who did not (n = 10). Online surveys encompassing the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and qualitative questions about sources of stress were concurrently deployed to both the experimental and control groups before and after the ambulance placement. Participants were first year paramedic students working in Queensland Ambulance Service, Australia.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in levels of stress in participants after undertaking their first ambulance placement (Mdn = -4.00) when compared to a control group (Mdn = 0.00), U = 52.5, p = .035, n2 = 0.15. Responses to survey questions suggest anticipation about experiencing death and dying of patients was the most frequently reported stressor of student paramedics before undertaking ambulance placements, however insecurity about knowledge, competence and fear of failure was the most frequently experienced stressor reported after completing ambulance placements.ConclusionsThe findings from this study suggest that the fear of the unknown may be worse than the reality. Anticipatory stress is the foremost problem for first year paramedic students attending their first ambulance placement. Placement pre-briefing should focus on educational interventions to build knowledge and skills competency to reduce stress levels and fear of failure.

scholarly journals The Influence of Teaching Vocabulary by Using Picture

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Hanik Nuzulimah
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Data Analysis Result ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Better Than

This paper attempts to explore whether there is significant difference of achievement in vocabulary between students taught by using pictures and those are not. The subject of this study is the first year students of SLTP Muhammadiyah Simo Susukan, Semarang where the sample contains 50 students that is divided into experimental group (with treatment) and control group (without treatment). The data is gathered from participants’ score obtained from pre test and post test. Using t test as technique of data analysis, result shows that students taught by using pictures perform better than those are not. It means that there is significant difference between the two groups. Keywords: Vocabulary Teaching; Picture

Translanguaging to enhance reading comprehension among first-year medical students

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimbai Mbirimi-Hungwe
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Multilingual Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multilingual Learning ◽  
First Year Medical Students ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Since the turn of the century there has been an increase in the use of translanguaging in multilingual learning contexts. Many researchers have shown how translanguaging enhances multilingual students’ ability to understand academic content. This experimental study provides empirical evidence that translanguaging can enhance reading comprehension. An experimental group and a control group were used to establish whether there was a significant difference between the performances of the two groups after reading an academic text. Using the t-test analysis, the results show a significant difference in the performance of the control group and the experimental group. These findings prompt us to conclude that translanguaging is an effective strategy that enhances reading comprehension.

scholarly journals Part Task and Variable Priority Training in First-year Anesthesia Resident Education

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken B. Johnson ◽  
Noah D. Syroid ◽  
Frank A. Drews ◽  
L Lazarre Ogden ◽  
David L. Strayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Respiratory Events ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Standard Training ◽  
Period Performance ◽  
Experimental Group

Background Part task training (PTT) focuses on dividing complex tasks into components followed by intensive concentrated training on individual components. Variable priority training (VPT) focuses on optimal distribution of attention when performing multiple tasks simultaneously with the goal of flexible allocation of attention. This study explored how principles of PTT and VPT adapted to anesthesia training would improve first-year anesthesiology residents' management of simulated adverse airway and respiratory events. The authors hypothesized that participants with PTT and VPT would perform better than those with standard training. Methods Twenty-two first-year anesthesia residents were randomly divided into two groups and trained over 12 months. The control group received standard didactic and simulation-based training. The experimental group received similar training but with emphasis on PTT and VPT techniques. Participant ability to manage seven adverse airway and respiratory events were assessed before and after the training period. Performance was measured by the number of correct tasks, making a correct diagnosis, assessment of perceived workload, and an assessment of scenario comprehension. Results Participants in both groups exhibited significant improvement in all metrics after a year of training. Participants in the experimental group were able to complete more tasks and answered more comprehension questions correctly. There was no difference in perceived workload or the number of correct diagnoses between groups. Conclusion This study in part confirmed the study hypotheses. The results suggest that VPT and PTT are promising adjuncts to didactic and simulation-based training for management of adverse airway and respiratory events.

scholarly journals Effect of simulations enhanced with conceptual change texts on university students’ understanding of chemical equilibrium

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haluk Özmen ◽  
Akbar Naseriazar
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Conceptual Change ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Conceptual Change Texts ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of computer simulations enhanced with conceptual change texts (CS-CCT) on first year university students? understanding of chemical equilibrium. A quasi-experimental design and one control group (CG, N = 60) as well as one experimental group (EG, N = 65) were used in the study. While students in CG were taught with traditional methods based on textbooks and blackboard, the EG studied the same unit with CS-CCT. The chemical equilibrium concept test (CECT) was administered as pre-test, post-test and delayed test to collect data. The results indicated that the students? scores in the EG were significantly higher than those in the CG in both post-test and delayed test. It was concluded that CS-CCT may become a more effective way for students to picture in their minds chemical equilibrium and improve their alternative interpretations. Also, such a combination is useful for students to enhance their conceptual understanding.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF APPLYING VENN DIAGRAM STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Agusriani Samosir And Berlin Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was aimed at finding out the effect of applying Venn Diagram Strategy on students’ achievement in reading comprehension. This study was conducted with an experimental design. The population of this study was the first year students in the academic year 2012/2013 at SMK Prayatna-1 Medan. There were sixty students taken as the sample of the research. The sample was divided into two groups: the first group (30 students) as the experimental group and the second group (30 students) as the control group. The experimental group was taught by applying the Venn Diagram Strategy, while the control group was taught without the Venn Diagram Strategy. The instrument for collecting data was a multiple choice test which consisted of 40 items. To obtain test reliability, the researcher used the Kuder -Richardson (KR-21) formula. The calculation showed that the reliability of the test was 0.66. The data were calculated by using the t-test formula. The result of the analysis showed that the t-observed (5.02) was higher than t-table (2.00) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 and the degree of freedom (df) 58. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It means that teaching reading comprehension through the Venn Diagram Strategy significantly affected reading comprehension.   Key Words: Venn Diagram Strategy, Reading Comprehension, Student Achievement.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Simulation As a Technique vs Traditional Method on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Basic Life Support: An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1800-1805
Author(s):  
Jyoti Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Experimental Group

Instantaneous institution of Basic life Support (BLS) with Cardiovascular Resuscitation is one of the crucial factors in the survival of cardiac arrest patient. However, ability to learn and retain BLS skill remains questionable. The present study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of teaching BLS skills via simulation technique vs. traditional method to B.Sc. Nursing students and BPT 1st year students of SGT University, Budhera, Gurugram. The investigator prepared the list of all the students from first year B.Sc. Nursing and BPT first year and from that, the investigator selected the samples using simple random probability sampling technique. Before going ahead with data collection, a written consent was taken from the students regarding their willingness to participate in the research study. Then data regarding socio demographic variables was collected followed by a pre -test using knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist. On experimental group, simulation technique was used to teach BLS and control group learnt BLS in traditional way. After 7 days post-test was taken to assess the change in knowledge and practice regarding BLS. Mean post-test knowledge score for experimental group was high i.e., 18.40 in as compared to pre-test knowledge score of 12.90. Mean practice score for experimental group was high i.e., 10.00 as compared to mean pre-test practice score of 4.50. In control group, no significant difference was reported between pre-test and post-test knowledge as well as practice score. This study generates evidence that Simulation is more effective as a technique to teach BLS to student more effective as compared to conventional method.

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