Phonetics in 16th-Century Italy

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert J. Izzo
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Linguistic Historiography

Summary This paper, which contends that Renaissance linguistics has remained undervalued despite the progress of current linguistic historiography, examines and compares the works of two 16th-century writers on Italian pronunciation, Giorgio Bartoli (1534–83) and John David Rhys (1534–1609). Both show an unexpected sophistication in their articulatory descriptions and in their strict distinction between phonology and orthography as well as considerable knowledge of and an objective attitude toward other European languages and dialects. One of them, moreover, sets up a system of consonant classification which foreshadows modern feature analysis.

scholarly journals Jezik kot posoda Duha pri Luthru in Trubarju ▪︎ Luther and Trubar’s View on Language as the Vessel of the Spirit

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (33) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Fanika Krajnc-Vrečko
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
National Language ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
The Bible ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Slovene Language

The discussion sheds light on the conception or understanding of the national language of two prominent personalities of the 16th-century Reformation: the German reformer Martin Luther and the Slovene Protestant and most important reformer Primož Trubar. For both authors, language serves as a basic tool for preaching the gospel in their mother tongues. They accomplish this by translating the Bible, and they each in their own way justify the use of the mother tongue as the means through which the Spirit of God is embodied. Both Luther and Trubar consolidate the biblical text in early modern European languages: Luther in the New High German and Trubar in the Slovene language, which had not appeared in books until the publication of his printed texts. Both authors developed their own language programme that can be compared and from which both Protestants’ view on language can be discerned, which was based on the realization that God used languages when he wanted the gospel to spread among all people.

scholarly journals Outstanding Project of Russian Vietnamese Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Y. Knorozova
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Vietnamese History ◽  
European Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
Vietnamese Studies ◽  
Historical Thought

The review focuses on the seventh volume of the Complete Annals of Daiviet (Đại Việt sử k ton thư), published in 2020. This central monument of Vietnamese traditional historical thought has not been translated into European languages. Volume seven presents a translation of chapters XVIXVII, covering the period of Vietnamese history from 1533 to 1599. The book consists of several parts: a study on Vietnam China relations and political history of North Vietnam in the 16th century, the translation itself, and a detailed commentary. The Appendices section contains translations of Chinese and Vietnamese works. The translation from hanviet was done by the leading Russian expert on Vietnamese history A.L. Fedorin, Doctor of Historical Sciences, who also wrote the research part and comments. The publication of the seventh volume of the Complete Annals of Daiviet can be attributed to the outstanding achievements of the Russian scholar.

Über die verbreitung lexikographischer werke in den Niederlanden und ihre wechselseitige beziehungen mit dem ausland bis zum jahre 1600

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans M. W. Claes
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
International Context ◽  
Central European ◽  
International Diffusion ◽  
Vernacular Language ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Humanistic Spirit ◽  
German Speaking

Summary The earliest Netherlandic lexicographical works were not only strongly influenced by foreign vocabularies and dictionaries, but they also strongly influenced lexicography abroad. Adaptations of the earliest vocabularies, which mainly aimed at the learning of Latin, were produced in various countries, with the vernacular language adapted to the idiom of each country. In German speaking regions originated for instance the Vocabularius Ex quo (ca. 1400), the Liber Vagatorum> (ca. 1509) and the Synonymorum Collectanea (1513) of Hieronymus Cingularius (ca. 1464–1558), and in Italian speaking regions the polyglot Dilucidissimus Dictionarius (1477 Introito e porta), which afterwards in the Netherlands were provided with a Netherlandic text. In the middle of the 16th century Netherlandic lexicography was strongly influenced by the already modern looking, in a humanistic spirit fashioned and very copious dictionaries of the Italian Ambrosius Calepinus (ca. 1440–1510) and the Frenchman Robert Estienne (1503–1559). But it is also true that several Netherlandic lexicographical works were adapted into other languages. There are for instance German adaptations of the Latin-Netherlandic vocabularies Gemmula Vocabulorum (1484), Vocabularius Optimus (1495), Dictionarium Gemmagemmarum (1511) and Curia Palacium (ca. 1477–85), of the topical dictionary of Petrus Apherdianus (ca. 1520–1580) and of the conversation book of Simon Verepaeus (1522–1598), there are German and Czech adaptations of the topical dictionary of Johannes Murmellius (1480–1517) and German and English adaptations of the synonym dictionary of Simon Pelegromius (ca. 1507–1572). In the Netherlands originated polyglot works, such as the Vocabulare (ca. 1530) of Noel de Berlaimont (died 1531), the Nomenclator (1567) of Hadrianus Junius (1511–1575), as well as the Calepinus Pentaglottos (1545), experienced a large international diffusion. This survey suggests that the initial phase of lexicography in Western and Central European languages can only be adequately understood if seen within an international context.

Turn to the history of linguistics

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia S. Falk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Linguistic Anthropology ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
European Languages ◽  
American Interest ◽  
Session Paper ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Linguistic Historiography

Summary In the 1940s and 1950s, the leading proponents of American synchronic linguistics showed little interest in the history of linguistics. Some attention to historiography occurred in subfields of linguistics closest to the humanities – linguistic anthropology, historical linguistics, modern European languages – but the ‘science of language’ developed by Leonard Bloomfield and his descriptivist followers demanded autonomy from other disciplines and from the past. Increasing American contact with European linguistics during the 1950s culminated in the 1962 Ninth International Congress of Linguists in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Here Noam Chomsky presented a plenary session paper that appeared in print in four versions between 1962 and 1964, each version incorporating an increasing amount of discussion of the early 20th-century precursors to the descriptivists and a number of 17th- and 19th-century studies of language and mind. Charles Hockett responded by organizing his 1964 presidential address to the Linguistic Society of America as a history of linguistics, emphasizing periods, figures, and ideas not included in Chomsky’s work. Historiographers of the time recognized a surge of American interest in the history of linguistics beginning in the early 1960s and most attributed it largely to Chomsky’s work. Historiographic publication increased significantly among the descriptivists; at the same time it emerged among the generativists, most of whom followed Chomsky in exploring pre-20th-century philosophical ideas or reconsidering concepts and practices of the descriptivists’ forerunners. The resulting visibility and impetus to the history of linguistics contributed to the foundation upon which linguistic historiography matured in North America in the later decades of the 20th century.

Dative experiencers with nominal predicates in Romanian: a synchronic and diachronic study

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (s42-s2) ◽  
pp. 255-290
Author(s):  
Mihaela Ilioaia ◽  
Marleen Van Peteghem
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Language Typology ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
Diachronic Study

Abstract This article investigates the evolution of the Romanian pattern [dative clitic + ‘be’ + N] (cf. Mi-e foame, lit. me.dat=is hunger, ‘I’m hungry’) from the 16th century until present-day Romanian. This pattern traces back to the Latin mihi est construction (lit. me.dat is), but is semantically more restricted than its Latin ancestor in that it can only express a physiological or psychological state. The aim of our study is to examine to what extent the dative experiencer behaves like a subject and the noun denoting a state like a predicate. We argue that, although certain subject diagnostics raise problems in Romanian, due to the obligatoriness of clitics and the scarcity of controlled infinitives, this pattern is clearly an instance of non-canonical subject marking with quirky dative case. The tendency toward expansion of this construction in present-day Romanian contradicts the hypothesis proposed in language typology according to which non-canonical subject marking tends to recede in favor of canonical marking in European languages.

Passions, Affections, or Emotions? On the Ambiguity of 16th-Century Terminology

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Essary
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
European Languages ◽  
History Of

The history of emotions is notably fraught with semantic anxiety, and a great deal of ink has been spilt in attempts to clarify emotion terminology, with respect to both historical and contemporary usage. Because the 16th century is both a momentous time of linguistic change for European languages (including Latin), and often for some reason neglected by historians of emotion trying to tell a longer story about emotion terminology, this article provides an overview of how 16th-century lexicons and prominent humanist authors handle the basic Latin emotion terms affectus and passio. It suggests further that 16th-century usage confounds Thomas Dixon’s assertion that “classical Christian” usage consists of a generally firm distinction between the two terms.

Ital. meno male

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 1197-1205
Author(s):  
Luca Serianni
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
European Languages

Abstract The Italian locution meno male is widely used in several usages to express relief or to asseverate ironically. It appears in the 16th century in the now obsolete form manco male and becomes widespread since Goldoni (1707–1793). It has very few cognates in the other European languages; the Sp. menos mal, although very close in form and meaning, must nevertheless be interpreted as an independent formation.

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

Phonomotor Versus Semantic Feature Analysis Treatment for Anomia in 58 Persons With Aphasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4464-4482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane L. Kendall ◽  
Megan Oelke Moldestad ◽  
Wesley Allen ◽  
Janaki Torrence ◽  
Stephen E. Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Feature ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Semantic Feature Analysis

Purpose The ultimate goal of anomia treatment should be to achieve gains in exemplars trained in the therapy session, as well as generalization to untrained exemplars and contexts. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of phonomotor treatment, a treatment focusing on enhancement of phonological sequence knowledge, against semantic feature analysis (SFA), a lexical-semantic therapy that focuses on enhancement of semantic knowledge and is well known and commonly used to treat anomia in aphasia. Method In a between-groups randomized controlled trial, 58 persons with aphasia characterized by anomia and phonological dysfunction were randomized to receive 56–60 hr of intensively delivered treatment over 6 weeks with testing pretreatment, posttreatment, and 3 months posttreatment termination. Results There was no significant between-groups difference on the primary outcome measure (untrained nouns phonologically and semantically unrelated to each treatment) at 3 months posttreatment. Significant within-group immediately posttreatment acquisition effects for confrontation naming and response latency were observed for both groups. Treatment-specific generalization effects for confrontation naming were observed for both groups immediately and 3 months posttreatment; a significant decrease in response latency was observed at both time points for the SFA group only. Finally, significant within-group differences on the Comprehensive Aphasia Test–Disability Questionnaire ( Swinburn, Porter, & Howard, 2004 ) were observed both immediately and 3 months posttreatment for the SFA group, and significant within-group differences on the Functional Outcome Questionnaire ( Glueckauf et al., 2003 ) were found for both treatment groups 3 months posttreatment. Discussion Our results are consistent with those of prior studies that have shown that SFA treatment and phonomotor treatment generalize to untrained words that share features (semantic or phonological sequence, respectively) with the training set. However, they show that there is no significant generalization to untrained words that do not share semantic features or phonological sequence features.

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