The Internal Context of Bilingual Processing

10.1075/bpa.8 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Truscott ◽  
Michael Sharwood Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Processing ◽  
Internal Context

scholarly journals Disgust: Internal Context Matters

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. R120-R122
Author(s):  
Sarah N. Garfinkel
Keyword(s):  
Internal Context

scholarly journals Early global Trotters and their entrepreneurial employment practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Chai ◽  
Cherry Wun Mei Cheung ◽  
Caleb Kwong
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Employment Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blue Book ◽  
Host Country Nationals ◽  
Internal Context

Purpose Questions have often been asked of the ethicality of multinational enterprises (MNEs) with the conducts of many being classified as exploitative. This is particularly so the internal context, where MNEs are often reluctant to employ host country nationals at important positions and treat their host and parent countries employees differently. This study aims to examine whether the locals are really getting the raw end of the deal. Design/methodology/approach Utilising a unique record book that is available about the employment details of civil servants in Hong Kong known as the blue book, this study intends to examine whether first-moving multinational organisations treated their local employees in an ethical and reasonable manner, for the employees entering the service between 1845-1850. Findings The data suggests that, overall, host country nationals earn much less than not only the British but also those from third countries. Moreover, parent country nationals were placed at important officer and supervisory roles, as oppose to host country nationals at the bottom, forming a typically ethnocentric governance structure (Perlmutter, 1969). Furthermore, even divided by grade, the starting salary difference between host and parent country nationals remain considerable. However, the reason for this is complex, and the authors do not have a quick and precise answer as to whether there has been discrimination. Research limitations/implications The findings perhaps explain the dilemma faced by the early-movers because they tend to feel the strong need of adopting an ethnocentric approach, which can be extremely costly as a result of the large wage differential. A balance needs to be struck between this and utilising host country nationals, which might not necessarily possess all the essential qualities but might be cheaper. Originality/value This is the first study examining the employment practices of fast-moving MNEs.

scholarly journals "China" as an Analytical Concept: A New Beginning for Chinese Political Science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Chinese Political Science ◽  
Knowledge Map ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
Comparative Political Science ◽  
Internal Context ◽  
American Left

AbstractThe emergence in recent years of a large number of institutional concepts in the world of Chinese political science indicates that Chinese political science is experiencing an "internal shift" that is different from the complete Westernization of the past. Chinese political scientists are seeking theoretical explanations for China's political development based on China's internal context and are looking to provide intellectual arguments for China's modern state building. In this paper, it is proposed that the core of this internal shift of Chinese political science is the consciousness of "China" as an analytical concept, and that China is not only an object of description, but also an analytical perspective for explaining "what is China". Such a view is different from that held by the European and American left and pure traditional researchers or reactionists. On the one hand, this paradigm provides more universal political knowledge in the sense of comparative political science; on the other hand, it can advance Chinese political research by drawing a clearer and more accurate knowledge map of Chinese politics. The emergence of institutional concepts in Chinese political science implies that Chinese political science as a discipline is increasingly moving from the "form" of discipline establishment to the "content" of "what is China". This signifies a real new beginning.

scholarly journals THE IMPLICITNESS PHENOMENON IN LINGUISTIC STUDIES: TRADITIONAL AND MODERN APPROACHES

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Ольга Васильевна Голубева
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Individual Term ◽  
Inferential Knowledge ◽  
Internal Context

Статья посвящена изучению научных подходов к феномену имплицитности, представленных в трудах Ч.С. Пирса, Г.П. Грайса и его последователей, в работах Тверской психолингвистической школы под руководством А.А. Залевской. Проведённые исследования доказывают наличие имплицитного выводного компонента в динамической структуре значения единицы языка, активируемого в процессе естественной коммуникации. Имплицитное знание представляет собой интегративную структуру, составную часть внутреннего контекста индивида, репрезентирующую сформированный ранее оптимальный способ идентификации значения познающим субъектом. The article is devoted to the investigation of scientific approaches to the implicitness phenomenon, presented in the works of Ch.S. Peirce, H.P. Grice and his followers, the researches of the Tver School of Psycholinguistics headed by A.A. Zalevskaya. The studies carried out prove the presence of an implicit component in the dynamic structure of a language unit meaning, activated in the process of live communication. Implicit (inferential) knowledge is an integrative structure, an integral part of the internal context of an individual (term by A.A. Zalevskaya), representing the previously formed efficient way of identifying meaning which a person comprehends.

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