Relations Among Ringtail Possums (Marsupialia, Pseudocheiridae) Based on Dna-Dna Hybridization

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Springer ◽  
GM Mckay ◽  
KP Aplin ◽  
JAW Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Dna Evolution ◽  
Dna Hybridisation ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Copy Dna ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Single Copy Dna

Comparison among eight pseudocheirid species and two outgroup petaurids were made by means of the hydroxyapatite chromatography method of DNA hybridisation. Matrices of DELTAT(m) and DELTAT(m)H-C values were analysed with the FITCH algorithm in Felsenstein's PHYLIP (Version 3.3). Jackknifing and bootstrapping were applied to determine the stability of resulting topologies. All the phylogenetic analyses produced trees that support (1) the monophyly of the Pseudocheirus herbertensis complex, (2) the monophyly of Pseudocheirus, (3) a close relationship between Hemibelideus and Petauroides, and (4) a close relationship between Pseudochirops archeri and Pseudochirops cupreus. Rates of single-copy DNA evolution are slightly faster in Pseudocheirus, Hemibelideus, and Petauroides than in Pseudochirops. Hybridisation evidence also provides a framework for understanding the timing of the pseudocheirid radiation and suggests that the divergence between extant genera dates back to about 36 million years ago.

A Partial Classification of Waterfowl (Anatidae) Based on Single-Copy DNA

The Auk ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cort S. Madsen ◽  
Kevin P. McHugh ◽  
Siwo R. de Kloet
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Partial Classification ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Copy Dna ◽  
Single Copy Dna

Abstract Single-copy DNA-DNA hybridization was used to establish phylogenetic relationships among 13 species of waterfowl (Anatidae) chosen from 10 tribes. On the basis of UPGMA clustering of Delta Tm distances, we suggest that the tribes Anatini, Aythyini, Tadornini, Mergini, and Cairinini diverged more recently than the Anserini, Stictonettini, Oxyurini, Dendrocygnini, and Anseranatini. The Freckled Duck (Stictonetta naevosa, tribe Stictonettini) is only distantly related to the other Anatidae. Presumably the lineage diverged very early. The sheldgeese (tribe Tadornini) and the true geese (Anserini) are only remotely related. The Oxyurini, considered to be in the subfamily Anatinae, is remotely related to the other Anatidae. The Dendrocygnini form an isolated tribe with no close relationship to the swans and geese (subfamily Anserinae). We found that the screamers (Anhimidae) are distantly related to the Anatidae. A method to estimate missing cells in a data matrix of pairwise distances is presented.

scholarly journals Physical map of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome at 110-kilobase resolution.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Link ◽  
M V Olson
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Yeast Genome ◽  
Hybridization Probes ◽  
Copy Dna ◽  
Single Copy Dna

Abstract A physical map of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome is presented. It was derived by mapping the sites for two restriction endonucleases, SfiI and NotI, each of which recognizes an 8-bp sequence. DNA-DNA hybridization probes for genetically mapped genes and probes that span particular SfiI and NotI sites were used to construct a map that contains 131 physical landmarks--32 chromosome ends, 61 SfiI sites and 38 NotI sites. These landmarks are distributed throughout the non-rDNA component of the yeast genome, which comprises 12.5 Mbp of DNA. The physical map suggests that those genes that can be detected and mapped by standard genetic methods are distributed rather uniformly over the full physical extent of the yeast genome. The map has immediate applications to the mapping of genes for which single-copy DNA-DNA hybridization probes are available.

scholarly journals Rates of DNA evolution in Drosophila depend on function and developmental stage of expression.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
J R Powell ◽  
A Caccone ◽  
J M Gleason ◽  
L Nigro
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Copy Dna ◽  
Dna 2 ◽  
Single Copy Dna

Abstract DNA-sequence divergence of genes expressed in the embryonic stage was compared with the divergence of genes expressed in adults for 13 species of Drosophila representing various degrees of relatedness. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments were conducted using as tracers complementary DNA (cDNA) reversed transcribed from poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from different developmental stages. The results indicate: (1) cDNA is less diverged than total single-copy DNA; (2) cDNA sequences are not in the rapidly evolving fraction of the single-copy genome of Drosophila; (3) early in evolutionary divergence embryonic messages are about half as diverged as adult messages; sequence data from some of the species compared indicate this is likely due to differences in rates of silent substitutions in genes expressed at different stages of development; and (4) at greater evolutionary distance, the differences in embryonic and adult messages disappear; this could be due to lineage-specific shifts in codon usage.

Phylogenetic-Relationships of the Marsupial Mole, Notoryctes-Typhlops (Marsupialia, Notoryctidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Westerman
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Dna Hybridisation ◽  
Hybridisation Technique ◽  
Copy Dna ◽  
Serological Data ◽  
Single Copy Dna

The phylogenetic position of the marsupial mole, Notorcytes typhlops, has been difficult to ascertain with morphological characters because of its highly specialised fossorial lifestyle. On the basis of serological data, Kirsch (1977b) suggested that this species was sufficiently different from other marsupials to warrant placing it in its own suborder. Using the DNA-DNA hybridisation technique on single-copy DNA to assess sequence differences over the entire genome, I confirm that N. typhlops is not closely related to any other marsupial family, and warrants placement in its own order.

scholarly journals Base–compositional biases and the bat problem. III. The question of microchiropteran monophyly

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1368) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Hutcheon ◽  
John A.W. Kirsch ◽  
John D. Pettigrew
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Long Branch Attraction ◽  
Unitary Evolution ◽  
Current Opinion ◽  
Genome Study ◽  
Copy Dna ◽  
Single Copy Dna

Using single–copy DNA hybridization, we carried out a whole genome study of 16 bats (from ten families) and five outgroups (two primates and one each dermopteran, scandentian, and marsupial). Three of the bat species represented as many families of Rhinolophoidea, and these always associated with the two representatives of Pteropodidae. All other microchiropterans, however, formed a monophyletic unit displaying interrelationships largely in accord with current opinion. Thus noctilionoids comprised one clade, while vespertilionids, emballonurids, and molossids comprised three others, successively more closely related in that sequence. The unexpected position of rhinolophoids may be due either to the high AT bias they share with pteropodids, or it may be phylogenetically authentic. Reanalysis of the data with varying combinations of the five outgroups does not indicate a rooting problem, and the inclusion of many bat lineages divided at varying levels similarly discounts long branch attraction as an explanation for the pteropodid–rhinolophoid association. If rhinolophoids are indeed specially related to pteropodids, many synapomorphies of Microchiroptera are called into question, not least the unitary evolution of echolocation (although this feature may simply have been lost in pteropodids). Further, a rhinolophoid–pteropodid relationship — if true — has serious implications for the classification of bats. Finally, among the outgroups, an apparent sister–group relation of Dermoptera and Primates suggests that flying lemurs do not represent the ancestors of some or all bats; yet, insofar as gliding of the type implemented in dermopterans is an appropriate model for the evolution of powered mammalian flying, the position of Cynocephalus in our tree indirectly strengthens the argument that true flight could have evolved more than once among bats.

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