Reproduction in Sminthopsis-Macroura (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) .1. The Female

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Histological Appearance ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
Breeding Seasons

A laboratory colony of S. macroura, founded by three females and four males, was maintained over four breeding seasons. Reproductive success was high and four generations were produced before the colony was disbanded. Descendants of these animals are still breeding in another laboratory 11 years after the founding of the colony. A detailed prescription for the maintenance and management of a breeding colony is given. The animals bred between June and February, most females first entering oestrus in the early months of the season, in July or August. Female young born early in the season (before mid-October) matured in the season of their birth at an age of 86-159 days; those born later matured in the following season at an age of 185-262 days. In each group, those born later matured earlier. Minimum body weight at sexual maturity was 12.5 g. At least two litters can be reared in a season and individuals may breed in more than one season. S. macroura is polyoestrous with a mean cycle length of 23.25 days. The gestation period is about 11 days and up to eight young can be accommodated in the pouch. Lactating females may return to oesrrus up to 10 days before the young are weaned at 70 days old. Ovulation occurs spontaneously and the mean number of corpora lutea formed was 20.7. The corpora lutea reach maximal size late in pregnancy and they regress more rapidly in lactating than in non- lactating females. Up to three generations of corpora lutea could be recognised in the ovaries of females undergoing cycles uninterrupted by lactation. Changes In body weight, the pouch, and the gross and histological appearance of the reproductive tract were the same in pregnant and pseudopregnant females.

Reproduction in a laboratory colony of the marsupial mouse Sminthopsis larapinta (Mardupialia : Dasyuridae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Young Females ◽  
The Third ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
North Western

A laboratory colony of S. larapinta was established with three females and four males received from north-western Queensland. Over a period of two and a half years 109 young were born and second-generation descendants were produced. In the third breeding season oestrous cycles were irregular and, in the few instances where copulation was recorded, this was associated with almost 100% prenatal mortality. The colony became extinct without the cause being definitely established. In Adelaide S. larapinta had a well-defined breeding season with all females either pregnant or in oestrus from July to February. From March until June all the females were in anoestrus. The males produced sperm throughout the year. A technique was developed for determining the length of the oestrous cycle, based upon the incidence of epithelial cells in the urine. S. larapinta is polyoestrous, with a mean cycle length of 26.25�0.5 days. Gestation occupies 12.5 days, and a maximum of eight young remain in the pouch, attached to the teats, for 40 days. They are suckled in the nest for a further 30 days. Weaning takes place at 70 days, and the young females come into oestrus from 4 months of age onwards. Twenty female reproductive tracts were sectioned and examined and the anatomy and histology described briefly. The mean number of ova shed per ovulation was 30.6 (n = 12) with one instance of 40. The corpora lutea are formed rapidly, and reach their maximum size towards the end of pregnancy. They have completely regressed by the seventh week of lactation. The young are born through a pseudovaginal canal which extends from the median vagina to the urogenital sinus. This closes within 24-48 hr of parturition. The high "pre-pouch" and litter mortality observed during this study is discussed.

A note on fertilization and embryo production in superovulated cattle with various levels of subcutaneous fat tissue

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bielanski ◽  
B. R. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

One hundred and five Holstein cattle, with a mean body weight of 668 kg, were superovulated using a total dose of 18 mg FSH. Five animals did not have corpora lutea (CL). No ova or embryos were recovered from 12 of the 100 animals which had CL. A total of 810 ova/embryos were collected from the remaining 88 animals and 432 of these were of transferable quality. The mean (range) measurements for subcutaneous fat deposition in samples taken at slaughter from the back, rump and ventral abdominal wall were 14 mm (3 to 34), 7 mm (0·7 to 33) and 7 mm (0·8 to 32), respectively. The number of transferable embryos and fertilized ova decreased as fat levels increased, but the differences between the groups were not significant (P > 0·05). There was a positive relationship between the number of CL and (a) the number of fertilized ova, and (b) the number of transferable embryos (r = 0·53, P < 0·001 and r = 0·48, P < 0·001). The correlation between the number of fertilized embryos and the number of transferable embryos was r = 0·91, P < 0·001.

Annual reproductive rhythm and ovulation rate in four fat-tailed sheep breeds

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sefidbakht ◽  
M. S. Mostafavi ◽  
A. Farid
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cycle

ABSTRACTKarakul, Mehraban, Naeini and Bakhtiari sheep were checked twice a day for oestrus using aproned rams and were laparotomized within 5 to 16 h of the end of every second oestrous period. Oestrus was observed for 12 monthly periods commencing on 21 April.The Mehraban breed with 1 -6 oestrous periods per month was less seasonal in its breeding activity (P<0·01) than the other breeds. Four-year-old ewes were more sexually active (P<0·01) than 3-year-old ewes (1·48 v. 1·28 oestrous periods per month). Seasonal variation in the sexual activity of the ewes was observed (P<001); the peak of activity in July to January was followed by a steady decline in February and March to a low in April and May, and then a steep recovery phase in June. There was only limited sexual activity for at least 4 months (March to June).The overall mean cycle length was 17·8 days (14 to 23 days), and the means for the four breeds were 17·6, 17·8, 17·8 and 17·9. The oestrous cycle was longer (P<0·05) during the period from December t o February than during that from June to August.The overall mean duration of the oestrous period was 36·9 h and the means for the four breeds were 35·2, 38·0, 37·4 and 37·1 h, respectively (P<0·05). The duration showed some monthly variation (P<0·01) but did not follow a special seasonal pattern. The ovulation rates for the four breeds were 1·07, 1·13,0·94 and 0·95 respectively, (P<0·01). There was a non-significant decline in the mean ovulation rate from March to June. Right ovaries were more active than left ovaries as judged by the observation of a higher average number of corpora lutea per ewe per laparotomy (0·58 v. 0·43, P<001).

VARIATIONS IN THE WEIGHT OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS OF THE FIELD VOLE, MICROTUS AGRESTIS

1961 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN CHITTY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Microtus Agrestis ◽  
Field Vole ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fluctuating Populations

SUMMARY 1. Mean weights are given for the adrenal glands of 1167 male and 806 female voles from naturally fluctuating populations at Lake Vyrnwy, Wales, during 1952–58. 2. Although the mean standardized adrenal weights of both males and females varied from year to year, no consistent relationship with population trend could be found, except that females from expanding populations tended to have the heaviest adrenals. 3. The adrenal weights increased seasonally each year from low values in the spring to maxima in midsummer and decreased again to low values in the autumn. 4. This fluctuation was exhibited not only by breeding animals but also by those that were sexually immature. It therefore seems unlikely that the seasonal enlargement is entirely a direct effect of gonadal activity, though it may be due to changes in social behaviour during the breeding season. 5. In each month the adrenals of pregnant or lactating females were heavier than those of nulliparous animals of the same body weight.

Influence of lurogestone acetate on serum progesterone and histological characteristics in ewes

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
H. M. Schoenemann ◽  
D. M. Hallford
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTAt the beginning of the autumn breeding season, six Rambouillet ewes were treated with intravaginal pessaries containing 20 mg flurogestone acetate on day 10 (oestrus = day 0) of an oestrous cycle. Sponges were removed after 12 days. Five additional ewes served as untreated controls. Vasectomized rams were used twice daily to detect oestrus and blood samples were collected daily from day 1 until 3 days following the post-treatment oestrus. Animals were slaughtered and reproductive tracts were recovered 3 days after the oestrus followingpessary removal. Epithelial, endometrial and glandular measurements were recorded from sections of oviduct, uterus and cervix using a refrigerated microtome. Serum progesterone was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Intravaginal progestagen treatment prevented ewes from exhibiting oestrus during the period in which pessaries were in place. Oestrus was observed, however, in all treated animals within 2 days of sponge removal, resulting in a mean cycle length (±.e.) of 23·2 (±0·2) days compared with 17·6 (±0·2) days (P<0·01) for controls. Serum progesterone profiles in treated and control animals indicated that corpora lutea regression progressed normally in ewes receiving the exogenous progestagen. Neither reproductive tract weight, ovarian weight, ovulation rate nor follicle number differed between groups (P>0·10). Oviductal, uterine, uterine glandular and cervical epithelial cell heights, as well as uterine glandular proliferation and endometrial thickness, were also similar in treated and control ewes (P>0·10). These data suggest that intravaginal flurogestone acetate does not appreciably alter histology of the reproductive tract during the time in which the fertilized ova would enter the uterus. Overt histological changes, therefore, are not likely to be a significant cause of reduced fertility at a synchronized oestrus.

The reproductive pattern of the Gerbilliscus cf. leucogaster (Rodentia: Muridae) from Namibia

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachariah P. Muteka ◽  
Christian T. Chimimba ◽  
Armanda D. Bastos ◽  
Nigel C. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Gonadal Histology ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Tubule Diameter

Very little is known about the reproductive biology of the Gerbilliscus cf. leucogaster (Peters, 1852) despite its wide distribution throughout the southern African subregion. Body mass, reproductive tract morphometrics, and gonadal histology were studied over 12 months in wild caught Gerbilliscus cf. leucogaster from the central part of Namibia to gain insights into the reproductive pattern of this species. The number of Graafian follicles and corpora lutea in 93 females increased at the end of the dry period (September) and throughout the wet months of the year (October–May) relative to that of the dry season (June–August). Pregnant and lactating females were recorded during the wet months of the year, with a peak observed during February. Testicular mass relative to body mass, testicular volume, and seminiferous tubule diameter in 64% of males increased significantly during the rainfall period (October–June). In addition, 8% of males exhibited little spermatogenesis and 28% showed no spermatogenesis or presence of sperm in the epididymis during the dry period (June–August). These findings suggest that the Gerbilliscus cf. leucogaster breeds predominantly during the rainfall period in Namibia when the food resources are more abundant.

Reproduction in Captive Female Brushtail Possums, Trichosurus-Vulpecula

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Curlewis ◽  
GM Stone
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Effect Of Age

Basic reproductive data were collected from a group of wild-caught brushtail possums during three breeding seasons. The mean (�SE) oestrous cycle length, gestation length and interval from removal of pouch young (RPY) to oestrus were 26.3 � 1.46 (n = 39), 17.1 � 0.14 (n = 21) and 9.0 � 0.46 (n = 41) days respectively, agreeing closely with previously published reports. Sperm were first observed in the vaginal smear on days 0 and 1 of the cycle in mated animals, but 27% of matings did not result in the production of a neonate. There was no effect of age of pouch young on the interval between RPY and oestrus but the incidence of mating was greater when pouch young were removed at an early age. In 25 animals examined during an oestrous cycle corpora lutea or Graafian follicles were unequally distributed between left and right ovaries. During the course of the study, four animals were identified in which oestrus was not followed by a luteal phase.

Maternal care of platypus nestlings (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Thomas ◽  
Marissa L. Parrott ◽  
Kathrine A. Handasyde ◽  
Peter Temple-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy Intake ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Maternal care in platypuses has never been rigorously studied due to the difficulty in locating and accessing nesting burrows. Here we describe the maternal behaviour of a captive female platypus and the growth and development of her offspring over 11 breeding seasons. We located a nesting burrow and inserted a camera to record the activity and behaviour of the female and her offspring. We also measured the female’s food intake during lactation. The ages of the offspring were assigned to developmental milestones including opening of the eyes and development of pelage. Twins (n=4) were left alone for periods longer than 24h by the mother at an earlier age than single nestlings (n=2). The dietary energy intake of the breeding female was more than double that of non-lactating females in the last month of lactation, indicating the large energy requirements of milk production. The mean age of young at emergence from the burrow was 128±1 days and in 60% of nestlings emergence occurred after weaning. This suggests a rapid transition from a completely milk-based diet to a diet of aquatic macroinvertebrates. The techniques we developed have allowed us to study maternal care in platypuses and the development of nestlings, both of which were previously only poorly understood.

Effect of High Plane of Nutrition on Blood Biochemical Profile and Onset of Puberty in Prepubertal HF X Kankrej Crossbred Heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
K K Hadiya ◽  
A J Dhami ◽  
D V Chaudhari ◽  
P M Lunagariya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
The Mean

This study was initiated on 24 prepubertal Holstein x Kankrej crossbred heifers of nearly identical age (7-9 months) and body weight (130-140 kg) at University farm to evaluate the effect of high plane of nutrition on blood biochemical and minerals profile and the age at puberty. Twelve heifers were managed under routine farm feeding (control) and the rest 12 under ideal optimum feeding regime (treatment) that included extra 1 kg concentrate, 30 g min mix and ad-lib dry fodder. The body weight and ovarian ultrasonography together with blood sampling was carried out at monthly interval from 10 to 18 months of age to study the ovarian dynamics and blood biochemical changes. High plane of nutrition to growing heifers was beneficial in reducing the age of onset of puberty (by 2-3 months) compared to routine farm fed group. The mean plasma total protein and cholesterol concentrations showed a rising trend with significant variations from 10 to 16 months of age, where it got mostly stabilized indicating adult profile. The activity of enzymes GOT and GPT also rose gradually and significantly from 10 months till 14-15 months of age, and thereafter it remained more or less static till 18 months of age. The levels of both these enzymes were higher, with lower protein and cholesterol, in control than the treatment group from 15-16 months of age onwards. The mean plasma levels of both calcium and phosphorus increased gradually and significantly with advancing age till 16-17 months of age, with little higher values in supplemented than a control group. The plasma levels of zinc, iron, copper, and cobalt also showed rising trend with significant differences between 10th and 12th-14th months of age, and from 15th to 18th months of age the levels were statistically the same in all the groups with slightly higher values in the treatment group.

scholarly journals BREED AND SEX EFFECTS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEIGHT AND FATNESS IN LACOMBE AND YORKSHIRE SWINE AND THEIR RECIPROCAL CROSSES

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
G. W. Rahnefeld
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Female Mating ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between thickness of fat measured at the shoulder, last rib, and loin of live pigs and market weight (86.2 to 95.2 kg) was studied in 1596 pigs from the Lacombe and Yorkshire breeds and their reciprocal crosses. No significant breed or sex differences were found in the proportion of fat at the three sites. Breed and sex differences were evident in the average depth of fat. The regression coefficients for the mean of three fat measurements on market weight were.016 ±.003,.019 ±.007, and.017 ±.004 for Lacombe males, barrows, and females respectively;.039 ±.002,.036 ±.005, and.041 ±.001 for Yorkshire males, barrows and females respectively;.027 ±.005 and.029 ±.004 for barrows and females from the Lacombe male × Yorkshire female mating; and.023 ±.007 and.021 ±.009 for barrows and females from the Yorkshire male × Lacombe female mating. Comparisons between animals measured at a relatively constant weight should be made after the fat measurement is adjusted for variations in body weight. The results of this study indicate that separate corrections should be applied for each breed. Separate corrections for sexes within breeds do not appear warranted.

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