The Biology of the Common Sheath-Tail Bat, Taphozous-Georgianus (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae), in Central Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean

A field study was carried out over a 4-year period on the common sheath-tail bat, Taphozous georgianus, in central Queensland. Mating occurred in late August and early September, and females gave birth to a single young in late November or early December. Females mated at about 9 months of age. Spermatogenesis commenced in males at about 9 months but they were not able to take part in mating until they were approximately 21 months old. Bats were born well furred with their eyes open, and weighed an average of 24% of their mother's post-partum weight. Young bats attained independence at 3-4 weeks old when they reached 50% of their mothers' body weight. At 3 months old young bats were within a few millimetres of adult dimensions. Marked seasonal variations in body weight resulted from the deposition of fat. Peak weights were recorded in April and minimum weights in September. The mean annual survivial rate was estimated to be 0.61. Mature males have a mortality rate substantially greater than females and this is reflected in a sex ratio strongly biased towards females in older bats. The sex ratio was nearly even in young bats. Most roost caves were occupied by less than 20 individuals. There was little difference between the temperature and humidity at which bats roosted, and the temperature and humidity of available roosts. Most bats were known from only one cave, and few movements of more than 2 km were recorded. Bats appeared to regularly relocate their roosting site, however, and they may have been utilising roosts outside the study area.

Breeding Biology of Brushtail Possums Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia, Phalangeridae) in Captivity.

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
R.T. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reproductive Capability

The brushtail possum is a common arboreal marsupial that is well adapted to the Australian urban environment and to rearing in captivity. Data obtained from 100 female possums housed in a semi-captive colony over a 7 year period demonstrate the reproductive capability of this marsupial. The main breeding season is from March to June with a declining number of births occurring from July to October. The possums gave birth to 259 single young and one set of twins. The range of the lactation period was from 177 to 200 days with the birth of the subsequent young occurring at 188.4 ± 4.1 days post partum (SD, n = 5). The growth rate of the young female possum varied greatly after day 100 post partum, the mean body weight of possums at day 172, being 753.0 ± 76.2g (SD, n = 5) with a range of 685 to 851 g. Female possums, with a mean body weight of 2171 ± 388g, gave birth to their first litter on day 345.9 ± 69.3 days postpartum (mean, SD, n = 7). Although two female possums trapped in the wild were held in captivity for 64 and 63.4 months and one possum bred in captivity had a life span of 51.5 months, the mean life span was 21.0 ± 12.5 months (SD, n =3D 8), with a range of 14.3 to 51.5 months. This life span is very variable and it is of interest to determine if this is an artefact of captivity or is also observed in the wild.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations in blood parameters of the Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton P. Colares ◽  
Ioni G. Colares ◽  
Adalto Bianchini ◽  
Euclydes A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

Seasonal variations in body weight, food consumption and blood glucose, total lipids, urea, total proteins, albumin and globulins of captive Amazonian manatees, Trichechus inunguis, were determined. Body weight changed significantly along the year, increasing from autumn to spring and decreasing in summer. The mean daily food intake of paragrass remained almost unchanged along the year. Paragrass administered to the manatees showed important variations in crude protein and lipid content along the year. No significant differences in blood parameters were registered between males and females in all seasons. Further, there were no significant differences in blood total proteins, albumin and globulins along the year. On the other hand, significant differences in the mean blood glucose, lipids and urea were registered. An increase in the blood glucose in the spring and summer was observed. Blood urea and lipids levels were positively related to paragrass protein and lipids content. These two correlations suggested that these blood parameters are good indicators of the animal nutritional status in the Amazonian manatee.

The effect of body weight at calving on milk production and reproductive performance of Friesian × Zebu heifers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Deresz ◽  
C. M. Jaume ◽  
M. R. de Carvalho ◽  
C. A. González
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTTwenty-six pregnant Holstein-Friesian × zebu heifers, arranged in pairs according to age, body weight, expected calving date and amount of zebu breeding, were allocated at random to two nutritional regimens during the last 12 weeks before calving. If was planned that the animals in treatment A should calve at a pre-calving live weight of 480 kg and those in treatment B should calve at 380 kg. The diet consisted of maize silage or elephant grass silage, soya-bean meal and minerals. During the first 21 days of the post-partum period both groups were given 6 kg concentrate per head daily. After this period, the feeding level was adjusted every 14 days according to the current milk yield. The mean total milk yields were 2132 kg and 1283 kg (P < 0·05) and the lengths of lactation were 239 days and 156 days (P < 0·01) for cows in treatments A and B, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments in the intervals from calving to first heat or calving to conception.

scholarly journals BODY WEIGHT PROFILEAND MORTALITY RATEOF MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS DURING THE FORMATION OF FIBROSARCOMA INDUCED BY BENZO(A)PYRENE

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Palagan Senopati Sewoyo ◽  
Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi ◽  
Ida Bagus Oka Winaya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is one of several examples of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that come from incomplete combustion of organic materials.BaP compound is used in research to induce fibrosarcoma.In general, patients with cancer will experience a reduction in body weight. This study aims to determine the body weight profile, the time it takes to cause fibrosarcoma, and the mortality rate of male Sprague Dawley rats after injection with BaP. In this study, 18 rats were used with two treatments.Rats in treatment 0 (P0) were not treated, while rats in treatment I (PI) were injected with BaP 0.3% in 0.1 mL oleum olivarumten times given gradually at two-day intervals via subcutaneous. There were six and 12 rats, respectively, P0 and PI. BaP solution is prepared by dissolving in oleum olivarum, mixing, and stirring until homogeneous. The rats were weighed at the beginning of the study and then carried out routinely once a weekfor 19 weeks of research. At the beginning of the study, the average body weight of rats at P0 and PI were 121.43 ± 7.04 g and 131.49 ± 16.31 g, respectively. The mean body weight of the rats at P0 and PI from the first week to the 19th were178.53 ± 29.97 g and 159.20 ± 14.24 g, respectively. The time taken to inducefibrosarcoma was 85.5 ± 17.6 days. The mortality rate in treatment P0 was 0% and PI treatment was 8.33%.From the results of this study, it can be concluded that giving BaP significantly reduces the body weight profile of rats and has a mortality rate of 8.33%.

The Influence of Gender and Somatotype on Single-Leg Upright Standing Postural Stability in Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J.Y. Lee ◽  
Wei-Hsiu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Upright Standing ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of gender and somatotypes on single-leg upright standing postural stability in children. A total of 709 healthy children from different schools were recruited to measure the anthropometric somatotypes and the mean radius of center of pressure (COP) on a force platform with their eyes open and eyes closed. The results were that (a) girls revealed significantly smaller mean radius of COP distribution than boys, both in the eyes open and eyes closed conditions, and (b) the mesomorphic, muscular children had significantly smaller mean radius of COP distribution than the endomorphic, fatty children and the ectomorphic, linear children during the eyes closed condition. The explanation for gender differences might be due to the larger body weight in boys. The explanation for somatotype differences might be due to the significantly lower body height and higher portion of muscular profile in the mesomorphic children.

scholarly journals Nutrition–fertility interaction in lactating women of low income groups

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Prema ◽  
A. Nadamuni Naidu ◽  
S. Neelakumari ◽  
B. A. Ramalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Maternal Nutritional Status ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Group Population ◽  
The Mean

1. Duration of lactational amenorrhoea and interpreganancy interval were related to maternal body-weight in an urban low-income group population of 2250 women.2. Breast-feeding practices were similar in all the women, none of whom had received any nutritional intervention.3. In the study group the mean duration of lactation, lactational amenorrhoea and interpregnancy interval (months) were 20.7, 11.2 and 24.2 respectively.4. Mean duration of lactation was significantly shorter in women whose body-weights were over 55 kg. Duration of lactational amenorrhoea increased with increasing duration of lactation (r 0.5164).5. The duration of lactational amenorrhoea showed a progressive fall with increasing body-weight (r − 0.8139) even when duration of lactation was kept constant.6. The mean duration of post-partum amenorrhoea in women who did not lactate remained unaltered irrespective of body-weight.7. The findings suggest that maternal nutritional status modifies return of menstruation only in lactating women.

scholarly journals The effect of acute dehydration on agility, quickness and balance performance in elite wrestlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Sevilay Kaplan ◽  
Ali O. Kivrak
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Background and Study Aim.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute dehydration on agility, quickness and balance performance in elite wrestlers. Material and Methods. A total of 12 male elite wrestlers, who were student at Selçuk University Faculty of Sport Sciences, whose mean age was 21.58±1.44 years, the mean height of 176.67±5.87 cm, mean body weight of 74.25±17.79 kg, and the mean age of sports 8.92±1,44 years have participated the study voluntarily. After taking the height measurement of the wrestlers participating in the study, their masses were weighted before the training; and body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and total body fluid were taken with Tanita Bc 730 and agility, quickness (5 m) and balance performance tests were performed. Then, by limiting the fluid intake of the athletes, after losing weight by training, the same tests that were applied before the training applied to the athletes after the training. The study was conducted in accordance with the pre-test and post-test model. T test was used for agility performance measurement of the athletes and 5 m test was used for quickness performance. Dominant foot was determined for balance test and measurement was made via Biodex Balance System. Balance measurements were performed eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC), overall stability index (OSI). Results.  In this study, body weight, body mass index, total body fluid, agility, quickness and balance with eyes open mean values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), and muscle mass, body fat percentage, balance with eyes closed found not to be statistically significant (p> 0.05). Conclusions. It is believed that acute dehydration negatively affects agility, quickness and balance performances in wrestlers. 

scholarly journals On the fecundity and sex-ratio of Botia Dario (Hamilton) (Cypriniformes : Cobitidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Afzal Hussain ◽  
Mst Rehana Khatun ◽  
M Altaf Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Length Standard ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male To Female

A total of 1183 Botia Dario (Hamilton) samples were collected from Rajshahi (Shaheb Bazar, Binodpur Bazar, Talaimari Bazar, Kazla Bazar and Godagari) during the period from January, 2002 to August, 2003 to study the fecundity, sex-ratio, relationship between fecundity and total length, standard length, body weight, ovary length as well as ovary weight. The mean fecundity was calculated as 31833.50±10313.42 with a range of 5245 to 53754 in fishes ranging in total length from 96 mm to 135 mm (mean 115.50±12.11 mm) and in body weight from 14.51 g to 43.29 g (mean 29.71±6.91 g). The relationship between the fecundity (F) and total length (TL), standard length (SL), body weight (BW), ovary length (OL) and ovary weight (OW) were found to be linear with the ‘r’ values 0.94, 0.94, 0.95, 0.92 and 0.98, respectively. The ovum diameter ranged from 0.3 to 0.72 mm and the mean diameter was calculated as 0.518±0.06 mm. The male to female ratio was 1:0.61. Key words: Botia dario, fecundity, sex-ratio. Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 27-29

scholarly journals Estrutura populacional de Callinectes danae (Decapoda, Portunidae) da Lagoa da Conceição, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Olinto Branco ◽  
Setuko Masunari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
The Body ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Ratio Size ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Callinectes Danae

Os seguintes aspectos foram tratados sobre a estrutura populacional do siri azul Callinectes danae da Lagoa da Conceição, SC e área costeira (27°30’30”- 27°37’l5” S e 48°00’00”-48°31'0”W: proporção de sexos, composição de tamanho, flutuação da abundância, distribuição espacial e relação peso/largura da carapaça. Coletas noturnas mensais de janeiro/8S a julho/89 em 10 pontos de coleta resultaram na captura de 613 machos e 511 fêmeas, dos quais foram obtidos dados morfométricos e peso do corpo. A temperatura da água de superfïcie variou de 12,3°C (junho) a 27,8°C (janeiro) e a salinidade média de 26,0 °/oo (fevereiro) a 35,5 °/oo (março), valores típicos de estuários de clima mesotérmico úmido. Os juvenis com 68,15 % predominaram sobre os adultos com 31,85 % . Com exceção de quatro meses, a proporção de sexos foi de 1:1 no decorrer do estudo. A amplitude de variação da largura da carapaça foi de 1,5 a 13,5 cm entre os machos e de 2,0 a 11, cm entre as fêmeas, Maior número de classes de largura da carapaça e maior abundância da população foram observados no subsistema Central, seguido do Sul e Norte; uma relação direta com a proximidade do mar. A forte predominância de fêmeas ovígeras na área costeira indica-a como rota de migração daquelas para o mar, Houve dois picos de abundância no período (fevereiro e setembro) representados pela maior porcentagem de juvenis. A expressão da relação entre o peso do corpo e a largura da carapaça foi de wl= 0,0715, wid 2,91 para machos e wt= 0,0739 . wid 2,8994 para fêmeas, valores próximos aos de C. danae do Rio Itiberê na Baía de Paranaguá. Abstract The following aspects of population strulucture were carried out about Callinectes danae of Conceição Lagoon and seashore area, SC (27°30’30”-27°37'15" S and 48°00’00”-48°30'0"W): sex ratio, size, oviposition, fluctuation of abundance, spacial distribution and body weight/carapace width relationship. A total of 613 males and 511 females were caught at night, monthly, from January 1988 to July 1989 at 10 collection sites. Meristic date and body weíght of all crabs were obtained. The surface water temperature oscillated between 12.3°C (June) to 27.8°C (January) and the mean salinity ranged from 26.0 °/oo (February) to 35.5 °/oo (March), which are typical values for estuaries with mesothermic-humid climate. The juveniles (68.15 %) predominated over adults (31,85 %). The sex ratio was 1:1, except in four months. The width variation of the carapace ranged from 1.5 to 13.5 cm in the males and 2.0 to 11.5 cm in the females. Higher number of carapace width classes and higher populalion abundance were observed in the Central subsystem, followed by South and North: a direct relationship with the sea nearness. The strong predominance of ovigerous females in the seashore area indicates it as migration route of those crabs to the sea. There were two abundance peaks in the study period (February and Septetuber) due lo higher percentage of juveniles. The body weight/carapace width relationship was wt 0.0715, wid 2.9153 to males and wl = 0.0739 . wid 2.8994 to females, values which were near to C.danae of the ltiberê River, Paranaguá Bay. Résumé Les suivants sujets ont été abordés sur la structure de la population de crabes bleus Callinectes danae de la Lagoa da Conceição. SC, et surface côtière (27°30’30”-27°37’15” S et 48°0'0"- 48°30’0” W): proportion de sexes, composilion de tailie, fluctuation d’abondance, distribution spatiale et relation poid/largeur de carapace. À d’échantillonages nocturnes mensuels entre juin de 1988 et juillet de 1989 en dix différent points, ont été capturés 613 mâles et 511 femelles, desqueles on a obtenu des données morphométriques et poid du corps. La temperature de l’eau superficielle a eu une variation entre 12,3°C (juin) et 27,8°C (janvier), et la salinité rnoyenne entre 26,0 °/oo (février) et 35,5 °/oo (mars), qui sont des valeurs typiques d’ástuaires de climat mésothermique humide. Les jeunes ont prédoniiné sur les adultes avec 68,15 % contre 31,85 %, A l’exception de quatre mois, la proportion de sexes a été de 1:1 pendant le développement de cet étude. L’amplitude de variation de largeur de carapace a été de 1,5 à 13,5 cm entre les mâles et de 2,0 à 11,5 cm entre les femelles. Le plus grand nombre de classes de largeur de la carapace et la plus grande abondance de la population on été observés dans le subsystème Central, en se suivant le Sud et le Nord respectivement; une relation directe avec la proximté de la mer. Il y a eu deux pics d’abondance pendant la période d’études (février et septembre) représentés par le plus grand pourcentage de jeunes. L’expression de la relation entre le poid du corps et la largeur de la carapace a été de wt=0,0715 , wid 2,9153 pour les mâles ei wt 0,0739. wid 2,8994 pour les femelles, valeurs proches à celles de Callinectes danae du fleuve Itiberê la baie de Paranaguá.

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