Long-Range Movements as an Adaptive Strategy in the Genus Heliothis (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) - a Review of Its Occurrence and Detection in 4 Pest Species

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Farrow ◽  
JC Daly
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Migratory Movements ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Four species in the genus of noctuid moths, Heliothis, are major agricultural pests throughout the world. We propose that their pest status is due, in part, to their capacity for long-range movement. This review discusses movement as an adaptive strategy in these moths, details the evidence for and against migratory movements, and evaluates techniques that can be used to investigate movement over long range.

An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4420 (4) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
FARIBA MOZAFFARIAN
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hishimonus Phycitis

An illustrated dichotomous identification key for a total of 54 Auchenorrhyncha species of Iran is presented. The studied species have been recorded as pests and vectors of diseases to fruit trees. Twenty nine records were contributed to Iranian orchards and 25 of which were from other parts of the world. Hence, the latter group can be considered as potential pests and vectors in Iran. Reviewing the published information on the former group suggests 12 species as pests (4, 2 and 6 species with significant, minor, and unknown recorded economic damage levels, respectively). The pest status of 14 recorded pest species were quite doubtful and 3 of them could not be present in Iran due to the lack of evidence or their limited distribution in other parts of the world. The 4 species which were recognized as well known and significantly important pests belonged to the families: Tropiduchidae (Ommatissus lybicus Bergevin, 1930), Cicadidae (Cicadatra alhageos (Kolenati, 1857)), and Cicadellidae (Hishimonus phycitis (Distant, 1908) and Neoaliturus haematoceps (Mulstant et Rey, 1855)). One species Orosanga japonicus is recording for the first time from Iran and added to the key. 

The Australian species of Heliothis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their pest status.

1953 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
IFB Common
Keyword(s):  
Northern Territory ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The taxonomic and pest status of the species of Heliothis occurring in Australia have been examined and it is shown that two pest species have previously been confused under the name of H. armigera (Hiibner). H. amnigera has a limited distribution, mainly in coastal and subcoastal eastern Australia and in the Northern Territory. It also occurs widely in Europe, Africa, India, New Zealand, and the islands of the south-west Pacific. In North America another closely related species, probably H, umb~osus Grote, has previously been synonymized with H. armigera. Widely distributed in Australia, H. pudgera Wallengren has hitherto been referred to in the Australian economic and taxonomic literature as H. armigera. In addition, two other species, H. assulta GuenCe and H, rubrescens (Walker), occur in Australia but have not so far been recognized as pests. Descriptions and illustrations of the four species, including the male and female genitalia, and keys to the males and females, are provided. The genitalia of both sexes of the North American species are also figured.

The Role of Technological Change in the Long-run Global Economy Forecasting

2013 ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Apokin
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economies

The author compares several quantitative and qualitative approaches to forecasting to find appropriate methods to incorporate technological change in long-range forecasts of the world economy. A?number of long-run forecasts (with horizons over 10 years) for the world economy and national economies is reviewed to outline advantages and drawbacks for different ways to account for technological change. Various approaches based on their sensitivity to data quality and robustness to model misspecifications are compared and recommendations are offered on the choice of appropriate technique in long-run forecasts of the world economy in the presence of technological change.

Westward Palaearctic range expansion of Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and its arrival at Mediterranean coastal regions of Turkey and Syria

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Onat Başbay ◽  
Mudar Salimeh ◽  
Eddie John
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Invasive Pest Species ◽  
Papilio Demoleus

We review the continuing and extensive spread of Papilio demoleus in south-eastern Turkey and in regions of Turkey and Syria adjacent to the north-eastern Mediterranean. Since the authors documented the arrival of this attractive but potentially destructive papilionid species at coastal areas of Syria in 2019, regular monitoring has confirmed successful overwintering there, as well as in Turkey. As previously indicated, P. demoleus is widely recognized as an invasive pest species in Citrus-growing areas of the world and hence its arrival is of potential economic importance to a region in which citrus is widely grown.

scholarly journals Evaluation of indigenous the nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in combination with chlorantraniliprole against Spodoptera species

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar ◽  
Naeem Arshad Maan ◽  
Muhammad Ahsin Ayub ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Shahid ◽  
Mubasher Ahmad Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
High Larval Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background The armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and S. litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are polyphagous pests of many cash crops. Heavy crop losses have been reported for the fruit and vegetable crops each year owing to the diverse impact on global economies. The present study was aimed to sort out a novel method of pest control using the insect’s own nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) alone and in combination with a new chemistry insecticide chlorantraniliprole. Results In the study, the effect of indigenous isolated nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) and the chemical insecticide (chlorantraniliprole) formulations against the 2nd and 4th larval instars of S. litura and S. exigua, collected from the different geographical region of Punjab (Pakistan) province, was evaluated. Three concentrations of the NPV isolate, sub-lethal (1 × 104, 6 × 104 POB ml−1), lethal (3 × 105 POB ml−1), and chlorantraniliprole 0.01 μl l−1, were applied alone and in combination against the 2nd and 4th larval instars of both pest species. The lethal concentration of NPV + chlorantraniliprole exhibited synergistic interaction and caused high larval mortality against both instars, while in all other combinations, additive effect was observed. Moreover, NPV + chlorantraniliprole at lethal concentration exhibited decreased pupation, adult emergence, and egg eclosion. Conclusion The implications of using NPV alone and in combination with an insecticide are discussed briefly in this study.

scholarly journals Mitogenomic analysis of diversity of key whitefly pests in Kenya and its implication to their sustainable management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathiya M. Khamis ◽  
Fidelis L. O. Ombura ◽  
Inusa J. Ajene ◽  
Komivi S. Akutse ◽  
Sevgan Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Aleyrodes Proletella ◽  
Aleurodicus Dispersus

AbstractWhiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are devastating agricultural pests of economic importance vectoring pathogenic plant viruses. Knowledge on their diversity and distribution in Kenya is scanty, limiting development of effective sustainable management strategies. The present study is aimed at identifying whitefly pest species present in Kenya across different agroecological zones and establish predictive models for the most abundant species in Africa. Whiteflies were sampled in Kenya from key crops known to be severely infested and identified using 16S rRNA markers and complete mitochondrial genomes. Four whitefly species were identified: Aleyrodes proletella, Aleurodicus dispersus, Bemisia afer and Trialeurodesvaporariorum, the latter being the most dominant species across all the agroecology. The assembly of complete mitogenomes and comparative analysis of all 13 protein coding genes confirmed the identities of the four species. Furthermore, prediction spatial models indicated high climatic suitability of T. vaporariorum in Africa, Europe, Central America, parts of Southern America, parts of Australia, New Zealand and Asia. Consequently, our findings provide information to guide biosecurity agencies on protocols to be adopted for precise identification of pest whitefly species in Kenya to serve as an early warning tool against T. vaporariorum invasion into unaffected areas and guide appropriate decision-making on their management.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Effects on Forest Ecosystems at Various Spatio-Temporal Scales

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 827-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bredemeier
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The World

The focus in this review of long-term effects on forest ecosystems is on human impact. As a classification of this differentiated and complex matter, three domains of long-term effects with different scales in space and time are distinguished: 1- Exploitation and conversion history of forests in areas of extended human settlement 2- Long-range air pollution and acid deposition in industrialized regions 3- Current global loss of forests and soil degradation.There is an evident link between the first and the third point in the list. Cultivation of primary forestland — with its tremendous effects on land cover — took place in Europe many centuries ago and continued for centuries. Deforestation today is a phenomenon predominantly observed in the developing countries, yet it threatens biotic and soil resources on a global scale. Acidification of forest soils caused by long-range air pollution from anthropogenic emission sources is a regional to continental problem in industrialized parts of the world. As a result of emission reduction legislation, atmospheric acid deposition is currently on the retreat in the richer industrialized regions (e.g., Europe, U.S., Japan); however, because many other regions of the world are at present rapidly developing their polluting industries (e.g., China and India), “acid rain” will most probably remain a serious ecological problem on regional scales. It is believed to have caused considerable destabilization of forest ecosystems, adding to the strong structural and biogeochemical impacts resulting from exploitation history.Deforestation and soil degradation cause the most pressing ecological problems for the time being, at least on the global scale. In many of those regions where loss of forests and soils is now high, it may be extremely difficult or impossible to restore forest ecosystems and soil productivity. Moreover, the driving forces, which are predominantly of a demographic and socioeconomic nature, do not yet seem to be lessening in strength. It can only be hoped that a wise policy of international cooperation and shared aims can cope with this problem in the future.

scholarly journals First record of Gryllophila skrjabini Sergiev, 1923 and Cephalobellus magalhaesi Schwenk, 1926 (Nematoda: Thelastomatidae) parasites of Neocurtilla claraziana Saussure, 1874 (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (37) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
José Matias Rusconi ◽  
Maria Fernanda Achinelly ◽  
Nora Beatriz Camino
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Record ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Thelastomatidae is one of the largest families parasitizing insects, within the order Oxyurida. In this work we reported parasitism in nymphs and adults of Neocurtilla claraziana by two different thelastomatid species as a part of a field survey on agricultural pests. Nymphs and adults of this insect were isolated from grasslands of Buenos Aires State, Argentina using a tensio-active solution. The nematode species Gryllophila skrjabini Sergiev, 1923 and Cephalobellus magalhaesi Schwenk, 1926 are briefly described and measurements are given. Both nematodes are reported for the first time in Argentina with C. magalhaesi being the second isolation of this species in the world. Neocurtilla clarziana is a new host record for G. skrjabini.

scholarly journals Capturing the transcription factor interactome in response to sub-lethal insecticide exposure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A Ingham ◽  
Sara Elg ◽  
Sanjay C Nagi ◽  
Frank Dondelinger
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Dynamic Bayesian Networks ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Insecticide Exposure

AbstractThe increasing levels of pesticide resistance in agricultural pests and disease vectors represents a threat to both food security and global health. As insecticide resistance intensity strengthens and spreads, the likelihood of a pest encountering a sub-lethal dose of pesticide dramatically increases. Here, we apply dynamic Bayesian networks to a transcriptome time-course generated using sub-lethal pyrethroid exposure on a highly resistant Anopheles coluzzii population. The model accounts for circadian rhythm and ageing effects allowing high confidence identification of transcription factors with key roles in pesticide response. The associations generated by this model show high concordance with lab-based validation and identifies 44 transcription factors regulating insecticide-responsive transcripts. We identify six key regulators, with each displaying differing enrichment terms, demonstrating the complexity of pesticide response. The considerable overlap of resistance mechanisms in agricultural pests and disease vectors strongly suggests that these findings are relevant in a wide variety of pest species.

A multiplex PCR method for identification of two common true cutworm species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) tested in the central plain of Guilan province, Iran

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4420 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
REZA HOSSEINI ◽  
KHADIJEH MADAHI
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Peridroma Saucia ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Guilan Province

Many species of cutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are important agricultural pest. They feed on roots and foliage of their host plants. Traditionally these species are identified based on morphological characteristics of adults. Hence identification of specimens in poor condition, immature stages and also closely related species or cryptic species is a difficult task. The basics of biological and ecological studies largely rely on an accurate species identification; consequently these investigations are impacted by potential misidentifications. In this study, we amplified 5' region of mitochondrial c cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene (DNA barcode region) of various common true cutworm species including Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766), Agrotis exclamationis (Linnaeus, 1758), Peridroma saucia (Hübner, 1808) and Xestia c-nigrum (Linnaeus, 1758) from agricultural fields of Guilan province (North of Iran). We were able to detect 66 conservative Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) among the targeted pest species and eventually design specific primers and develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay as a molecular diagnostic tool for immature stages of two the most common and abundant species including A. ipsilon and X. c-nigrum in Guilan province. 

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