The Display Behavior of Bavia-Aericeps (Araneae, Salticidae), a Jumping Spider From Queensland

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Jumping Spider ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Display Behavior ◽  
Location Type

Bavia aericeps Simon is a large plurident jumping spider that frequents palms and other trees in tropical Queensland, building unusually strong and spacious nests on the undersides of leaves. The display repertoire of this species is large and complex, numerous distinct visual, vibratory, and tactile signals being used. Courtship is versatile, each male using one of three different mating tactics depending on the female's maturity and location. Type 1 courtship, involving specialized movements and postures of the legs, palps, and body, occurs if the female is an adult away from the nest; apparently this type of courtship is vision- dependent. If the male encounters an adult female inside her nest, he uses Type 2 courtship, which consists of movements that cause the silk to vibrate. If the female is a subadult inside her nest, the male initially uses Type 2 courtship, then builds a second chamber on the female's nest and cohabits until she moults and matures. Other displays occur during male-male and female-female interactions. Male-male interactions are particularly ferocious, the spiders often being upended and stunned. However, cannibalism seems to be of minor importance in this species.

The Biology of Mopsus mormon, a Jumping Spider (Araneae: Salticidae) from Queensland: Intraspecific Interactions

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Communication ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Jumping Spider ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The One

The display repertoire of Mopsus mormon is unusually large and complex for a salticid spider. Each individual has three different mating tactics, the one used depending on the female's maturity and location. With adult females outside nests males use type 1 courtship, which seems to be a form of visual communication and includes specialized movements and postures of the legs, palps, and body. With adult females inside nests, males use type 2 courtship, which seems to be a form of non-visual communication and consists of abdomen twitching and probing with the legs on the silk; males mate with receptive females inside the nests. With subadult females, males first use type 2 courtship, then spin an adjacent silken chamber and cohabit; after the female moults and matures, they mate inside the nest. Postmount courtship is an apparently non-visual phase that precedes copulation and occurs as a component of each tactic. Females and subadults also display; the displays used in interactions depend on the sex-age classes of the spiders involved.

Selective depletion of dopamine in the goldfish pituitary caused by domperidone

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Sloley ◽  
V. L. Trudeau ◽  
J. G. Dulka ◽  
R. E. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Sch 23390 ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Antagonist Activity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Selective Depletion ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Mouse Pituitary ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effects of the dopamine type-2 receptor (D-2) antagonist domperidone on pituitary and brain amine concentrations and serum gonadotropin levels in the goldfish were investigated. Domperidone caused a long-lasting, dose-dependent depletion of dopamine in the goldfish pituitary. Pituitary concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) were unaffected by domperidone treatment. Concentrations of noradenaline, dopamine, and 5HT in the hypothalamus and telencephalon were also unaffected by domperidone treatment. In contrast to the goldfish, dopamine levels in both mouse pituitary and hypothalamus were unaffected by domperidone treatment. The depletion of dopamine was observed in both sexually regressed and recrudescent male and female fish, but elevation of serum gonadotropin levels in response to domperidone treatment occurred only in sexually recrudescent fish. Treatment of sexually recrudescent fish with the D-2 antagonists pimozide, (−)-sulpiride and eticlopride and the dopamine type-1 (D-1) antagonists SKF 83566 and SCH 23390 failed to elicit a depletion of pituitary dopamine or elevation of serum gonadotropin. Treatment of sexually recrudescent fish with domperidone, α-methyl-p-tyrosine or carbidopa elicited comparable depletions of pituitary dopamine and elevations of serum gonadotropin. The results suggest that in addition to D-2 receptor antagonist activity, domperidone has some other neuropharmacological action on dopaminergic neurones in the goldfish pituitary.Key words: domperidone, dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, pituitary, hypothalamus, telencephalon, gonadotropin, goldfish.

scholarly journals Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Male and Female Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Med Phoenix ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Nirjala Laxmi Madhikarmi ◽  
Prem Prakash Singh ◽  
Tarannum Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Background: Free radicals are reactive oxygen species which cause lipid peroxidation precipitating many metabolic diseases including Diabetes Mellitus. However, these free radicals are quenched by substances known as antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E and several other compounds. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status were investigated in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus- Pokhara, Nepal.Methods: The extent of lipid peroxidation was assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and the antioxidant parameter estimations were total antioxidant activity, Vitamin C and Vitamin E assessed in Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus patients along with matched healthy counterparts.Results: The lipid peroxidation was increased in male Type 1 and 2 diabetic patients whereas female group showed decreased level as compared to its healthy counterparts. Similarly, the total antioxidant activity was found to be decreased in the diabetic group. The lipid peroxidation parameter and antioxidant status were statistically significant at p< 0.05.Conclusion: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status varied in male and female patients suffering from diabetes either Type 1 or Type 2. Apart from gender basis of evaluating oxidative stress, variables based on diet, habitat, socioeconomic status, education, etc. can also be considered.MED Phoenix Volume (1), Issue (1) July 2016, page: 10-14

scholarly journals Variation of kelulut (Heterotrigona itama) habitat landscapes in South Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 918 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
R S Wahyuningtyas ◽  
W Halwany ◽  
S Siswadi ◽  
S S Hakim ◽  
B Rahmanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Honey production depends on the availability of the landscape as a habitat for producing bee’s food sources. The purpose of this study was to determine different landscapes as a habitat for kelulut (Heterotrigona itama) bees in producing honey from 5 different stingless bee locations. The research was conducted in three districts: Hulu Sungai Tengah, Hulu Sungai Selatan and Tapin District, South Kalimantan Province. This research was conducted to record the types of vegetation in each landscape, which can be divided into three categories; 1 location was a combination type of forest and garden (type 1), 2 locations was a combination type of settlement, shrub, and paddy fields (type 2), and 1 location was a combination type of settlement, plantation, and shrub (type 3). Each meliponiculture also recorded the honey production every month. The results showed that the farmers’ number of beehives was between 96 and 252 hives/farmer. The average production in the rainy season is 0.17 L hive-1year−1, and the dry season is 0.24 L hive−1year−1. Honey production per year for each location was as follows: location type 1 produces 1.59 L hive−1, location type 2 produces 1.85 L hive−1, and location type 3 produces 2.41 L hive−1. Plant identification results at each type of location showed that the number of species found at vegetation cover type 1, 2, and 3 was 116, 128, and 107 species, respectively. At the farms with vegetation cover types 2 and 3, many different flowering shrubs provide year-round forage for the stingless bee.

scholarly journals Fate of Deoxynivalenol in Different Corn Cultivars: From Grains to Bread

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis ◽  
Sunusi Usman ◽  
Nada Basheir Ali ◽  
Muhammad Rafique Asi
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grains

The objectives of the current research were to determine the levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) in four different cultivars of corn and subsequently to investigate the fate of DON during pro-cessing steps involved for the production of cornbread. The samples (n = 30) of each cultivar which were found positive were selected for the study. The average level of DON was ranged from LOD to 650 &micro;g/kg. The amount of DON in cornflour samples were ranged from LOD to 630 &micro;g/kg and insignificantly lower than the levels found in corn grain samples (p &ge; 0.05). Further-more, the levels of DON in corn dough samples were insignificantly higher than the levels in cornflour samples (p &ge; 0.05), with levels ranged from LOD to 645 &micro;g/kg. However, the amount of DON in cornbread samples was significantly different from the levels found in corn grains sam-ples (p &le; 0.05), with levels ranged from LOD to 611.5 &micro;g/kg. The percentage reduction of DON in grains to cornbread samples was 22.4%, 35.6%, 44.5%, and 42.6% in type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 4 cultivars, respectively. The highest dietary exposure and hazard quotient (HQ) of DON was 0.13 and 0.17 &micro;g/kg bw/d, in male and female individuals resulted from the consumption of cornbread samples, respectively.

scholarly journals Histomorphometrical Study of Placental from Male and Female Neonates of Diabetic Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Estabraq A. Mahmoud ◽  
Nahla A. Al-Bakri ◽  
Ban J. Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Overt Diabetes ◽  
Terminal Villi ◽  
Male Neonate ◽  
Dm Type 2

      Objective: To investigate occur the histomatrical alternations in placental terminal villi and their vessels of Iraqi diabetes (gestational diabetes and overt diabetes) and normal pregnancies were born male and female neonates. Methods: The hitometrical study of male and female terminal villi of 68 placentae in maternal diabetes mellitus (34 gestational diabetes, 34 overt diabetes (17 DM type 1 and 17 DM type 2) and 34 normal placentae. These placentae obtained from Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in three hospitals in Baghdad city. Results: The study showed that there is a statistically significant with higher diameter in central and peripheral sections of the terminal villi and their vessels in male neonate. Moreover, terminal villous diameter in central and peripheral sections of placentae in both male and female neonates appeared highly significant differences (P≤0.001) between DM type 1 and DM type 2, but fetal blood vessels in this terminal villous did not record any significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions: The current results concluded that increasing in diameters terminal villous and their fetal blood vessels of central and peripheral sections of placentae recorded increasing diameters of GDM peripheral sections of placentae in male neonate in comparison to placental sections of other study groups.

Characterization of mycoplasmas isolated from the great apes

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry C. Cole ◽  
John R. Ward ◽  
Laura Golightly-Rowland ◽  
Charles E. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Mycoplasma Species ◽  
Type 3

Nine adult female chimpanzees, five adult female orangutans, and three young female gorillas were cultured for mycoplasmas. All animals were found to harbor at least one species of mycoplasma and some as many as four. On the basis of physiological and serological characteristics mycoplasmas closely related or identical with M. hominis, M. salivarium, and M. orale types 1 and 2 were identified. The M. hominis strains which were restricted to the chimpanzee comprised two serologic subgroups but were physiologically homogeneous. The M. salivarium strains were physiologically and morphologically heterogeneous, with both lipolytic and non-lipolytic strains being isolated from the salivas of all three primate species. All strains of M. salivarium were closely related serologically. In addition to the above species, three unidentifiable types were encountered. Type 1 strains were isolated from the vaginas of two chimpanzees. The type 2 strain, which shared up to three antigenic components with various human mycoplasmas, was isolated from the oropharynx of a chimpanzee. The type 3 strains constituted the only mycoplasma species isolated from the orangutan vagina.

scholarly journals Urological complications of obesity and diabetes in males and females of three mouse models: temporal manifestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. F160-F174
Author(s):  
Alexandra K. Kim ◽  
Christine Hamadani ◽  
Mark L. Zeidel ◽  
Warren G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Akita Mice

Diabetic bladder dysfunction is a frequent complication of diabetes. Although many mouse models of diabetes now exist, there has been little systematic effort to characterize them for the timing of onset and severity of bladder dysfunction. We monitored metabolic status and tested bladder function by void spot assay and limited anesthetized cystometry in both male and female mice of three models of obesity and diabetes: a type 1 diabetes model (the Akita mouse) and two type 2 diabetes models [the diet-induced obese (DIO) model and the ob/ob mouse]. Akita mice had insulin pellets implanted subcutaneously every 3 mo to mimic poorly controlled type 1 diabetes in humans. Mice were hyperglycemic by 48 days after implants. Female mice exhibited no bladder dysfunction at any age up to 20 mo and gained weight normally. In contrast, by 7 mo, male Akita mice developed a profound polyuria and failed to show normal weight gain. There were no observable signs of bladder dysfunction in either sex. DIO mice on high/low-fat diets for 16 mo exhibited mild hyperglycemia in female mice (not in male mice), mild weight gain, and no evidence of bladder dysfunction. Ob/ob mice were followed for 8 mo and became extremely obese. Male and female mice were glucose intolerant, insulin intolerant, and hyperinsulinemic at 4 mo. By 8 mo, their metabolic status had improved but was still abnormal. Urine volume increased in male mice but not in female mice. Bladder dysfunction was observed in the spotting patterns of female mice at 4 and 6 mo of age, resolving by 8 mo. We conclude there are dramatic sex-related differences in lower urinary tract function in these models. Male Akita mice may be a good model for polyuria-related bladder remodeling, whereas female ob/ob mice may better mimic storage problems related to loss of outlet control in a setting of type 2 diabetes complicated by obesity.

Type 2 Diabetes Overtakes Type 1 in Hispanic Girls

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
SHERRY BOSCHERT
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes
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