The Biology of Mopsus mormon, a Jumping Spider (Araneae: Salticidae) from Queensland: Intraspecific Interactions

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Communication ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Jumping Spider ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The One

The display repertoire of Mopsus mormon is unusually large and complex for a salticid spider. Each individual has three different mating tactics, the one used depending on the female's maturity and location. With adult females outside nests males use type 1 courtship, which seems to be a form of visual communication and includes specialized movements and postures of the legs, palps, and body. With adult females inside nests, males use type 2 courtship, which seems to be a form of non-visual communication and consists of abdomen twitching and probing with the legs on the silk; males mate with receptive females inside the nests. With subadult females, males first use type 2 courtship, then spin an adjacent silken chamber and cohabit; after the female moults and matures, they mate inside the nest. Postmount courtship is an apparently non-visual phase that precedes copulation and occurs as a component of each tactic. Females and subadults also display; the displays used in interactions depend on the sex-age classes of the spiders involved.

The Display Behavior of Bavia-Aericeps (Araneae, Salticidae), a Jumping Spider From Queensland

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Jumping Spider ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Display Behavior ◽  
Location Type

Bavia aericeps Simon is a large plurident jumping spider that frequents palms and other trees in tropical Queensland, building unusually strong and spacious nests on the undersides of leaves. The display repertoire of this species is large and complex, numerous distinct visual, vibratory, and tactile signals being used. Courtship is versatile, each male using one of three different mating tactics depending on the female's maturity and location. Type 1 courtship, involving specialized movements and postures of the legs, palps, and body, occurs if the female is an adult away from the nest; apparently this type of courtship is vision- dependent. If the male encounters an adult female inside her nest, he uses Type 2 courtship, which consists of movements that cause the silk to vibrate. If the female is a subadult inside her nest, the male initially uses Type 2 courtship, then builds a second chamber on the female's nest and cohabits until she moults and matures. Other displays occur during male-male and female-female interactions. Male-male interactions are particularly ferocious, the spiders often being upended and stunned. However, cannibalism seems to be of minor importance in this species.

Relational problems are not fully solved by a temporal sequence of statistical learning episodes

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vinter ◽  
P. Perruchet
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Learning ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Learning Research ◽  
The One

Clark & Thornton's conception finds an echo in implicit learning research, which shows that subjects may perform adaptively in complex structured situations through the use of simple statistical learning mechanisms. However, the authors fail to draw a distinction between, on the one hand, subjects' representations which emerge from type-1 learning mechanisms, and, on the other, their knowledge of the genuine abstract “recoding function” which defines a type-2 problem.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Clinical Study of One Hundred Cases of Scarlet Fever

1928 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Gunn ◽  
Fred Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
New Type ◽  
Change Of Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Positive Results

1. The bacteriological examination of the throat or nose in 100 cases of scarlet fever on admission to hospital showed the following incidence of the different serological types of streptococci. Of 91 cases yielding positive results on the first examination, haemolytic streptococci of Type 1 were found in 8, Type 2 in 14, Type 3 in 26 and Type 4 in 12; the remaining 31 fell into the heterogeneous group. In the 9 patients who gave a negative swab on admission a later test showed Type 1 in 2 cases, Type 2 in 4 cases, Type 3 in 1 case and heterogeneous strains in 2 cases.2. The heterogeneous group comprised individualistic strains, none of which occurred with sufficient frequency to form a fifth type.3. In 50 out of the 100 cases examined at weekly intervals the type of streptococcus remained the same throughout the attack.4. In 50 cases there was a change of type during the course of the disease; a second type appeared in 38, a third in 10 and a fourth in 2.5. The change of type was considered to be a reinfection since it appeared most often in the youngest children and after the 3rd week of treatment; the source of reinfection was traced in two instances.6. In 3 patients, in whom the Dick reaction remained positive, the appearance of the new type coincided with a second attack of clinical scarlatina.7. Of the 50 patients in whom no change of type was demonstrated 20 still carried the haemolytic streptococci on discharge after periods in hospital ranging from 4 to 8 weeks.8. Of the total 100 cases there were on discharge 49 throat carriers of haemolytic streptococci and 6 nose carriers. None of the 55, so far as was ascertained, gave rise to “return cases” of scarlet fever.9. There was evidence of correlation between serological type of streptococcus on the one hand and severity of scarlatinal attack and occurrence of complications on the other. The importance of this in hospital practice is emphasised.10. The Dick test and Schultz-Charlton reaction were carried out on all cases in the series; the results indicated that the four serological types have different immunological values.11. The evidence in favour of qualitative as opposed to quantitative differences in toxin production by the different types is discussed.

scholarly journals A novel suturing technique, based on physical principles

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 080-090
Author(s):  
FJ Pérez Lara ◽  
R Zubizarreta Jimenez ◽  
JM Hernández González ◽  
T Prieto-Puga ◽  
F Moya Donoso
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Suture ◽  
Interrupted Suture ◽  
Suturing Technique ◽  
Suture Thread ◽  
The One ◽  
Suturing Techniques ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Made In

Introduction: In medicine, sutures have been used for thousands of years to close wounds. However, despite the great advances that have been made in technology, little progress has taken place in suturing techniques and most surgeons continue to use the same two classical techniques (continuous suture or interrupted suture). This paper proposes a suturing technique (“double diabolo”) in which a pattern of eight 45-degree angles is formed, in the view that this achieves a notable reduction in the tension exerted (30% at each angle), thereby increasing the overall strength of the suture. Material and Method: In this study, we compare the physical tensions exerted on the suture thread and its entry/exit points, on the one hand by the two techniques most often used – interrupted suture (Type 1) and continuous suture (Type 2) – and on the other, by the proposed “double-diabolo” suture (Type 3). Results: The Type 3 suturing method produced the lowest levels of tension on the thread, almost 65% less than those of Type 1 and 50% less than those of Type 2. The tension on the wound was also considerably lower, with reductions of 33% and 50% in comparison with Types 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study corroborate our hypothesis that the proposed double-diameter suture method exerts less tension on the thread and on the entry/exit points than conventional techniques. Theoretically it would be recommended for cases in which the suture must withstand significant tension as laparotomy closure

scholarly journals EVOLUÇÃO DO SORTIMENTO EM POVOAMENTOS DE Pinus taeda NOS ESTADOS DO PARANÁ E SANTA CATARINA

FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sintia Valerio Kohler ◽  
Henrique Soares Koehler ◽  
Afonso Figueiredo Filho ◽  
Julio Eduardo Arce ◽  
Sebastião Do Amaral Machado
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Fractional Power ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Power Equation ◽  
Fast Change ◽  
Using Data

A dinâmica da evolução do sortimento em povoamentos de Pinus taeda foi estudada utilizando-se dados de análise de tronco em povoamentos estabelecidos nos estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina, amostrando-se 126 e 120 árvores, respectivamente. O polinômio de potências inteiras e fracionárias foi ajustado para os dados estratificados em classes de idade. Com o programa FlorExel®, foram calculados os volumes por sortimento nas diferentes idades dos povoamentos. Os volumes totais médios por árvore aos 18 anos foram de 1,157 m³ para o estado do Paraná e de 0,959 m³ para o estado de Santa Catarina. Volumes para celulose foram mais representativos na classe de 7 a 9 anos, com 50% do volume. Volumes para serraria tipo 1 foram estimados a partir da idade de 7 anos, e para serraria tipo 2, a partir da idade 8 e 9 anos, respectivamente, representando 70% do volume total (serraria tipo 1 + serraria tipo 2) na classe de 10 a 12 anos. Volumes para laminação foram obtidos a partir dos 13 anos em ambos os estados, chegando a apresentar mais de 30% do volume total a partir da idade de 19 anos. Observa-se uma mudança rápida no sortimento “nobre” a partir da idade de 13 anos.AbstractEvolution of assortment of Pinus taeda stands located at Paraná and Santa Catarina States. The dynamic evolution of assortment of Pinus taeda stands was studied using data from complete stem analysis in stands established at Paraná and Santa Catarina states, sampling 126 and 120 trees respectively. The integer and fractional power equation was fitted to the data set stratified by age classes. With FlorExel ® program volumes assortments by the different ages of stands were estimated. The average tree total volume was 1,157 m³, at age of 18 years in Paraná state and 0,959 m³ at Santa Catarina State. Wood for cellulose had higher representation in the class of 7 to 9 years, with 50% of the volume. Volumes for sawmill type 1 were estimated in plantations from 7 years, and for sawmill type 2 from 8 and 9 years old, respectively, representing 70% of the total volume (sawmill type 1 + sawmill type 2) at 10 to 12 years of age. Tree volumes for veneer were obtained from 13 years of age on, in both stands, arriving to present more than 30% of the total volume from the age 19 years. It was observed a fast change in the "noble" assortment after the age of 13 years.Keywords: Assortment dynamic; multproduct; taper models.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Complete Nucleotide Sequences of IncA/C2 Plasmids Carrying In809-Like Integrons from Enterobacteriaceae Isolates of Wildlife Origin

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas C. Papagiannitsis ◽  
Iva Kutilova ◽  
Matej Medvecky ◽  
Jaroslav Hrabak ◽  
Monika Dolejska
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Origins

ABSTRACT A total of 18 Enterobacteriaceae (17 from gulls and 1 from a clinical sample) collected from Australia, carrying IncA/C plasmids with the IMP-encoding In809-like integrons, were studied. Seven plasmids, being representatives of different origins, plasmid sizes, replicon combinations, and resistance genes, were completely sequenced. Plasmid pEc158, identified in a clinical Escherichia coli ST752 isolate, showed extensive similarity to type 2 IncA/C2 plasmids. pEc158 carried none of the bla CMY-2-like region or ARI-B and ARI-A regions, while it contained a hybrid transposon structure. The six remaining plasmids, which were of wildlife origin, were highly similar to each other and probably were fusion derivatives of type 1 and type 2 A/C2 plasmids. The latter plasmids contained an ARI-B region and hybrid transposon structures. In all plasmids, hybrid transposon structures containing In809-like integrons were inserted 3,434 bp downstream of the rhs2 start codon. In all cases, the one outermost 38-bp inverted repeat (IR) of the transposon was associated with the Tn1696 tnp module, while the other outermost 38-bp IR of the transposon was associated with either a Tn6317-like module or a Tn21 mer module. However, the internal structure of the transposon and the resistance genes were different in each plasmid. These findings indicated that, for the specific periods of time and settings, different IncA/C2 plasmid types carrying In809-like elements circulated among isolates of wildlife and clinical origins. Additionally, they provided the basis for speculations regarding the reshuffling of IncA/C2 plasmids with In809-like integrons and confirmed the rapid evolution of IncA/C2 plasmid lineages.

scholarly journals Yeast acyl-CoA-binding protein: acyl-CoA-binding affinity and effect on intracellular acyl-CoA pool size

1994 ◽  
Vol 302 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Knudsen ◽  
N J Faergeman ◽  
H Skøtt ◽  
R Hummel ◽  
C Børsting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Southern Blotting ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The One

Acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) is a 10 kDa protein characterized in vertebrates. We have isolated two ACBP homologues from the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, named yeast ACBP types 1 and 2. Both proteins contain 86 amino acid residues and are identical except for four conservative substitutions. In comparison with human ACBP, yeast ACBPs exhibit 48% (type 1) and 49% (type 2) conservation of amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence of S. carlsbergensis ACBP type 1 was found to be identical with the one ACBP present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A recombinant form of this protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and S. cerevisiae, purified, and its acyl-CoA-binding properties were characterized by isoelectric focusing and microcalorimetric analyses. The yeast ACBP was found to bind acyl-CoA esters with high affinity (Kd 0.55 x 10(-10) M). Overexpression of yeast ACBP in S. cerevisiae resulted in a significant expansion of the intracellular acyl-CoA pool. Finally, Southern-blotting analysis of the two genes encoding ACBP types 1 and 2 in S. carlsbergensis strongly indicated that this species is a hybrid between S. cerevisiae and Saccharomyces monacensis.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK MEKANIS DAN PERILAKU LENTUR BALOK KAYU LAMINASI MEKANIK

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Prasetyowati Putri ◽  
Fengky Satria Yoresta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Laminated Beams ◽  
Laminated Beam ◽  
Wood Beams ◽  
Beam Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Type 3

Penggunaan paku atau baut maupun kombinasinya dengan perekat sebagai penghubungantar lamina pada balok kayu laminasi akan mempengaruhi karakteristik mekanis danperilaku keruntuhan balok tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan karakteristikmekanis dan menganalisa perilaku lentur balok kayu laminasi mekanik. Tiga tipe baloklaminasi digunakan dalam penelitian ini, ditambah balok glulam sebagai kontrol. Balok tipe 1menggunakan baut/paku di sepanjang bentang sebagai penghubung antar lamina. Balok tipe 2hanya menggunakan paku/baut pada sepertiga bentang di kedua ujung balok, sedangkan padasepertiga bentang lainnya menggunakan perekat. Paku atau baut pada balok tipe 3ditempatkan pada sepertiga bentang di tengah balok dan sisanya menggunakan perekat.Pengujian lentur dilakukan dengan metode one point centre loading dengan jarak antartumpuan 90cm. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan balok tipe 3 memiliki nilai ModulusElastisitas (MOE) tertinggi dibandingkan balok tipe 1 dan tipe 2. MOE balok laminasitertinggi terdapat pada balok laminasi-paku diameter 0.3 cm tipe 3 (52162.95 kg/cm2)sedangkan terendah pada balok laminasi-paku diameter 0.3 cm tipe 1 (11077.41 kg/cm2).Modulus of Rupture (MOR) tertinggi terdapat pada balok laminasi-paku diameter 0.3 tipe 3(368.16 kg/cm2) dan terendah pada balok laminasi-baut diameter 0.5 cm tipe 3 (207.36kg/cm2). Balok kontrol memiliki nilai MOE dan MOR tertinggi dibandingkan semua baloklaminasi mekanik. Posisi penempatan baut, paku, dan perekat pada balok laminasi hanyaberpengaruh terhadap nilai MOE. Semua kerusakan yang ditemukan pada balok laminasimekanik adalah berupa kerusakan lentur dan geser antar lamina The use of nails or bolts or its combination with adhesive as connector between lamina on laminated wood beams will affect the mechanical characteristics and collapse behavior of the beam. This study aims to determine the mechanical characteristics and analyze the flexural behavior of mechanical-laminated wood beams. Three types of the mechanical-laminated beams used in this study beside glulam beams as control. The type 1 using bolts/nails along the span as a connector between laminas. Beam type 2 only using nails/bolts on the one-third span at both ends of the beam, while adhesive on the other space of span. Nails or bolts on beam type 3 is placed on the one-third span at the middle of the beam, and the other space using adhesive. Bending test was conducted by using one-point centre loading method with 90 cm of span. The study concluded that beam type 3 has the highest value of Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) compared to beam type 1 and type 2. The highest MOE for laminated beams is found on nail-laminated beam with diameter of 0.3 cm type 3 (52162.95 kg/cm2) while the lowest one is on nail-laminated beam with diameter of 0.3 cm type 1 (11077.41 kg/cm2). The highest Modulus of Rupture (MOR) is found on nail-laminated beam with diameter of 0.3 cm type 3 (368.16 kg/cm2), and the lowest one is on bolt-laminated beam with diameter of 0.5 cm type 3 (207.36 kg/cm2). The control beam has the highest value of MOE and MOR compared to all mechanical-laminated wood beams. Position of bolts, nails, and adhesive on the laminated beams is only affects to MOE. All damage found on the mechanical-laminated beams is in form of flexural collapse and shear failure among laminas.

scholarly journals Causal Inference with Mendelian Randomization to Explore Risk Factors of Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amulya Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Insulin Deficiency ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Insulin Cells ◽  
The One

Abstract—Since the dawn of time, health conditions have dictated life around the world. Gradually, through the advancement of medicine and technology, more and more treatments have been discovered to combat these conditions. One of these conditions is a disease known as diabetes. Even with a plethora of treatments being utilized by individuals internationally, diabetes continues to be the one of the leading causes of death worldwide [1]. Caused by a deficiency of insulin, a hormone created and released by the pancreas, diabetes renders individuals unable to effectively utilize glucose. With low amounts of insulin, cells cannot allow glucose to enter them and be used as energy for the body, leaving high amounts of glucose to build up in the bloodstream. Several factors have been suggested as a link to causing this insulin deficiency, resulting in diabetes. However, it is important to remember that there are two types of diabetes present, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. This report uses Mendelian Randomization to analyze contributing factors of Type 1 and 2 diabetes and explain the roles of confounds and genetics in the pathogenesis of the disease.

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