Energy metabolism in an obligate frugivore, the superb fruit-dove (Ptilinopus superbus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Schleucher
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Avian Frugivore

Ptilinopus superbus (body mass 120.4 5.2 g) is a highly specialised, migratory avian frugivore that is widespread in the rainforests of the Indo-Pacific Region and north-eastern Australia. The effect of the specialised diet on metabolic rate (MR) and body temperature (Tb) were investigated at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 13-30ºC in activity (α) and rest (ρ) phases. At thermoneutrality (Ta = 26ºC), the basal metabolic rate (BMR) was 23.2 4.49 J g-1 h-1 , which corresponds closely to the predicted value (22.6 J g-1 h-1). Wet thermal conductance (Cwet) was 2.39 0.45 J g-1 h-1 ºC-1 in α and 1.75 0.13 J g-1 h-1 ºC-1 in ρ for Ta between 13 and 21ºC. These conductances are higher than expected (α: 1.87 J g-1 h-1 ºC-1; ρ: 1.16 J g-1 h-1 ºC-1) for a non-passerine bird of this body mass (M), indicating poor insulation of this tropical species. Tb was 39.6 0.76ºC in α and 38.1 0.55ºC in ρ in the observed Ta range, corresponding closely to expected values (40.9 1.35 in α and 38.6 0.66 in ρ). This study shows no evidence of an influence of the fruit diet on the metabolic physiology of superb fruit doves. Analysis of BMR data for all pigeon species sampled so far provides no evidence that a low basal metabolic rate is a general characteristic of the Columbidae.

Thermoregulatory, metabolic and ventilatory physiology of the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Larcombe ◽  
Philip C. Withers ◽  
Stewart C. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Ventilatory Parameters ◽  
High Basal Metabolic Rate

Thermoregulatory, metabolic and ventilatory parameters measured for the Tasmanian eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) in thermoneutrality (ambient temperature = 30°C) were: body temperature 35.1°C, basal metabolic rate 0.55 mL O2 g–1 h–1, wet thermal conductance 2.2 mL O2 g–1 h–1 °C–1, dry thermal conductance 1.4 J g–1 h–1 °C–1, ventilatory frequency 24.8 breaths min–1, tidal volume 9.9 mL, minute volume of 246 mL min–1, and oxygen extraction efficiency 22.2%. These physiological characteristics are consistent with a cool/wet distribution, e.g. high basal metabolic rate (3.33 mL O2 g–0.75 h–1) for thermogenesis, low thermal conductance (0.92 J g–1 h–1 °C–1 at 10°C) for heat retention and intolerance of high ambient temperatures (≥35°C) with panting, hyperthermia and high total evaporative water loss (16.9 mg H2O g–1 h–1).

Thermal energetics of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig K.R Willis ◽  
Jeffrey E Lane ◽  
Eric T Liknes ◽  
David L Swanson ◽  
R Mark Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Eptesicus Fuscus ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Big Brown Bats ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Family ◽  
Thermal Energetics ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated thermoregulation and energetics in female big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois, 1796). We exposed bats to a range of ambient temperatures (Ta) and used open-flow respirometry to record their metabolic responses. The bats were typically thermoconforming and almost always entered torpor at Tas below the lower critical temperature Tlc of 26.7 °C. Basal metabolic rate (BMR, 16.98 ± 2.04 mL O2·h–1, mean body mass = 15.0 ± 1.4 g) and torpid metabolic rate (TMR, 0.460 ± 0.207 mL O2·h–1, mean body mass = 14.7 ± 1.3 g) were similar to values reported for other vespertilionid bats of similar size and similar to a value for E. fuscus BMR calculated from data in a previous paper. However, we found that big brown bats had a lower Tlc and lower thermal conductance at low Ta relative to those measured in the previous study. During torpor, the minimum individual body temperature (Tb) that we recorded was 1.1 °C and the bats began defending minimum Tb at Ta of approximately 0 °C. BMR of big brown bats was 76% of that predicted for bats based on the relationship between BMR and body mass. However, the Vespert ilionidae have been under-represented in previous analyses of the relationship between BMR and body mass in bats. Our data, combined with data for other vespertilionids, suggest that the family may be characterized by a lower BMR than that predicted based on data from other groups of bats.

Adaptation to cold: energy metabolism in an atypical lagomorph, the arctic hare (Lepus arcticus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence C. H. Wang ◽  
Douglas L. Jones ◽  
Robert A. MacArthur ◽  
William A. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Arctic Hare

Unlike other lagomorphs or any other mammals living in a cold environment, the basal metabolic rate of the arctic hare, Lepus arcticus monstrabilis (0.36 cm3 O2/g per hour) was only 62–83% of the values predicted from its body weight. The minimum thermal conductance (0.010 cm3 O2/g per hour per degree centigrade) was also reduced to only 51–59% of its weight-specific value (0.019–0.017 cm3 O2/g per hour per degree centigrade). The normal body temperature (38.9C), however, was comparable to that of other lagomorphs. The daily energy consumption between ambient temperatures of −24 and 12.5C was between 262 and 133 kcal, which is 6–43% above the minimum resting values at corresponding ambient temperatures.It is concluded that the reduction of surface area to volume ratio and the effectiveness of its insulation are sufficient compensations so that the arctic hare can maintain a normal body temperature with a depressed basal metabolic rate. Such a reduction of metabolism is energetically adaptive for a species living exclusively in a cold and relatively barren habitat.

Thermoregulation and ventilation in the tawny frogmouth, Podargus strigoides: a low-metabolic avian species

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Bech ◽  
Stewart C. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ventilatory Volume

Oxygen consumption (VO2) and body temperature (Tb) were measured during daytime (corresponding to the normal resting phase) in the tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides, mean body mass of 341 g) at ambient temperatures (Ta) between -1ºC and 30ºC. Mean body temperature (over this range of Ta) was 37.8ºC and there was only a small (0.4ºC), and insignificant, day-night variation in Tb. Mean VO2 within thermoneutrality (25-30ºC) was 0.59 mL O2 g-1 h-1 , corresponding to a basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 3.32 W kg-1 . This value is only 61% of the predicted value for a non-passeriform bird. The minimal thermal conductance attained at Ta below thermoneutrality was 0.156 W kg-1 ºC-1, a value which is very close to the allometrically predicted value. The relatively low VO2 was paralleled by a low total ventilatory volume. This, in turn, was mainly the result of a low respiratory frequency (10.2 breaths min-1, only 52% of that expected for a similar-sized bird) whereas tidal volume (6.6 mL [BTPS]) was 107% of the expected value. Thus, our results suggest that the changing ventilatory needs during the evolution of the low VO2 in the tawny frogmouth have been met primarily by changes in respiratory frequency.

Physiology of thermoregulation in the pika, Ochotona princeps

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. MacArthur ◽  
Lawrence C. H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Daily Fluctuation ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

The mean body temperature of pika measured by radiotelemetry under field and laboratory conditions was 40.1 °C (range = 37.9–42.7) over an ambient temperature range of −9.3 to 24 °C. The maximum daily fluctuation in any one individual was less than 2.6 °C and no seasonal difference in the level of body temperature maintained was observed. Hyperthermia and death occurred after a 2-h exposure to ambient temperatures higher than 28 °C, inclusive.The basal metabolic rate was 1.53 cc O2/g h and the thermal conductance was between 0.096 and 0.050 cc O2/gh °C, 143% and 101–53%, respectively, of their predicted weight-specific values. The relatively high body temperature of pika is attributed to its high basal metabolic rate and good insulation. The low thermal conductance, which indicates a reduction of energy consumption at ambient temperatures below the lower critical temperature (21 °C), favors the overwinter survival of this species when only limited food storage is available.

The relationship between body mass and rate of rewarming from hibernation and daily torpor in mammals

1990 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Geiser ◽  
R. V. Baudinette
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
The Relationship

1. Rewarming rate from torpor and body mass were inversely related in 86 mammals ranging in body mass between 2 and 8500 g. 2. Most of the mammalian taxa investigated showed a similar change of rewarming rate with body mass. Only the insectivores showed a more pronounced increase in rewarming with a decrease in body mass than did the other taxa. The rates of rewarming of marsupials were similar to those of placentals. 3. At low air temperature (Ta), the rate of rewarming of marsupials was not related to body mass, although a strong relationship between the two variables was observed in the same species at high Ta. 4. The slopes relating rewarming rates and body mass of the mammalian groups and taxa analysed here were similar to those obtained earlier for mass-specific basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body mass in mammals, suggesting that the rate of rewarming and BMR are physiologically linked.

scholarly journals Laboratory Metabolism of Incubating Semipalmated Plovers

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-970
Author(s):  
Mark Williamson ◽  
Joseph B. Williams ◽  
Erica Nol
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Data

Abstract Abstract The Semipalmated Plover (Charadriussemipalmatus), anarctic-nesting migratory shorebird, regularlyencounters low temperatures during the breedingseason. We measured the basal metabolism of adultsduring incubation at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada todetermine basal metabolic rate (BMR),lower critical temperature(Tlc), total evaporative waterloss (TEWL), and dry thermal conductance(Cm). BMR and Tlcwere 47.4 kJ day−1and 23.3°C, respectively, TEWL was2.5 mL H2O−d,and Cm was1.13 mW g−1 °C−1.Measured BMR and Tlc were consistentwith high values found for other shorebird speciesbreeding in the Arctic, while Cm was18% higher than predicted from allometricequations. These metabolic data suggest thatSemipalmated Plovers are adapted to balance therequirements of incubation against energetic andthermoregulatory demands in the Arctic, especiallyin harsh early breeding season conditions.

Energy expenditure for thermoregulation and locomotion in emperor penguins

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Pinshow ◽  
MA Fedak ◽  
DR Battles ◽  
K Schmidt-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Emperor Penguins

During the antarctic winter emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) spend up to four mo fasting while they breed at rookeries 80 km or more from the sea, huddling close together in the cold. This breeding cycle makes exceptional demands on their energy reserves, and we therefore studied their thermoregulation and locomotion. Rates of metabolism were measured in five birds (mean body mass, 23.37 kg) at ambient temperatures ranging from 25 to -47 degrees C. Between 20 and -10 degrees C the metabolic rate (standard metabolic rate (SMR)) remained neraly constant, about 42.9 W. Below -10 degrees C metabolic rate increased lineraly with decreasing ambient temperature and at -47 degrees C it was 70% above the SMR. Mean thermal conductance below -10 degrees C was 1.57 W m-2 degrees C-1. Metabolic rate during treadmill walking increased linearly with increasing speed. Our data suggest that walking 200 km (from the sea to the rookery and back) requires less than 15% of the energy reserves of a breeding male emperor penguin initially weighing 35 kg. The high energy requirement for thermoregulation (about 85%) would, in the absence of huddling, probably exceed the total energy reserves.

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