Thermoregulatory, metabolic and ventilatory physiology of the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Larcombe ◽  
Philip C. Withers ◽  
Stewart C. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Ventilatory Parameters ◽  
High Basal Metabolic Rate

Thermoregulatory, metabolic and ventilatory parameters measured for the Tasmanian eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) in thermoneutrality (ambient temperature = 30°C) were: body temperature 35.1°C, basal metabolic rate 0.55 mL O2 g–1 h–1, wet thermal conductance 2.2 mL O2 g–1 h–1 °C–1, dry thermal conductance 1.4 J g–1 h–1 °C–1, ventilatory frequency 24.8 breaths min–1, tidal volume 9.9 mL, minute volume of 246 mL min–1, and oxygen extraction efficiency 22.2%. These physiological characteristics are consistent with a cool/wet distribution, e.g. high basal metabolic rate (3.33 mL O2 g–0.75 h–1) for thermogenesis, low thermal conductance (0.92 J g–1 h–1 °C–1 at 10°C) for heat retention and intolerance of high ambient temperatures (≥35°C) with panting, hyperthermia and high total evaporative water loss (16.9 mg H2O g–1 h–1).

Thermoregulatory, metabolic and ventilatory physiology of the western barred bandicoot (Perameles bougainville bougainville) in summer and winter

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Larcombe ◽  
Philip C. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
High Basal Metabolic Rate

The metabolic, thermoregulatory and ventilatory physiology of western barred bandicoots (Perameles bougainville bougainville), measured in the laboratory during summer and winter at ambient temperatures of 10 and 30°C, is relatively unusual for a peramelid marsupial. It has a low thermoneutral body temperature (33.7 ± 0.2°C), a very high basal metabolic rate (0.68 ± 0.03 mL O2 g–1 h–1 at ambient temperature = 30°C), low respiratory exchange ratios (often less than 0.7) and a high thermal conductance, reflecting its high oxygen consumption rate and low body temperature. Ventilatory frequency and tidal volume were variable between seasons, although minute volume and oxygen extraction efficiency were not. Minute volume of the western barred bandicoot was higher than expected, reflecting its high metabolic rate. Time of year (i.e. season) had an effect on some aspects of metabolic, thermoregulatory and ventilatory physiology (carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, total evaporative water loss), but this effect was not as substantial nor as general as the effect of ambient temperature.

Metabolism, Water-Balance and Temperature Regulation in the Golden Bandicoot (Isoodon-Auratus)

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Withers
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Low Rate

The Barrow I. golden bandicoot (Isoodon auratus) is a small arid-adapted marsupial. It has a low and labile body temperature, a low basal metabolic rate, a low thermal conductance, and a low rate of evaporative water loss. Its metabolic, thermal and hygric physiology resembles that of another arid-adapted bandicoot, the bilby, and differs from temperate and tropical bandicoots.

Adaptation to cold: energy metabolism in an atypical lagomorph, the arctic hare (Lepus arcticus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence C. H. Wang ◽  
Douglas L. Jones ◽  
Robert A. MacArthur ◽  
William A. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Arctic Hare

Unlike other lagomorphs or any other mammals living in a cold environment, the basal metabolic rate of the arctic hare, Lepus arcticus monstrabilis (0.36 cm3 O2/g per hour) was only 62–83% of the values predicted from its body weight. The minimum thermal conductance (0.010 cm3 O2/g per hour per degree centigrade) was also reduced to only 51–59% of its weight-specific value (0.019–0.017 cm3 O2/g per hour per degree centigrade). The normal body temperature (38.9C), however, was comparable to that of other lagomorphs. The daily energy consumption between ambient temperatures of −24 and 12.5C was between 262 and 133 kcal, which is 6–43% above the minimum resting values at corresponding ambient temperatures.It is concluded that the reduction of surface area to volume ratio and the effectiveness of its insulation are sufficient compensations so that the arctic hare can maintain a normal body temperature with a depressed basal metabolic rate. Such a reduction of metabolism is energetically adaptive for a species living exclusively in a cold and relatively barren habitat.

Thermoregulation and ventilation in the tawny frogmouth, Podargus strigoides: a low-metabolic avian species

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Bech ◽  
Stewart C. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ventilatory Volume

Oxygen consumption (VO2) and body temperature (Tb) were measured during daytime (corresponding to the normal resting phase) in the tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides, mean body mass of 341 g) at ambient temperatures (Ta) between -1ºC and 30ºC. Mean body temperature (over this range of Ta) was 37.8ºC and there was only a small (0.4ºC), and insignificant, day-night variation in Tb. Mean VO2 within thermoneutrality (25-30ºC) was 0.59 mL O2 g-1 h-1 , corresponding to a basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 3.32 W kg-1 . This value is only 61% of the predicted value for a non-passeriform bird. The minimal thermal conductance attained at Ta below thermoneutrality was 0.156 W kg-1 ºC-1, a value which is very close to the allometrically predicted value. The relatively low VO2 was paralleled by a low total ventilatory volume. This, in turn, was mainly the result of a low respiratory frequency (10.2 breaths min-1, only 52% of that expected for a similar-sized bird) whereas tidal volume (6.6 mL [BTPS]) was 107% of the expected value. Thus, our results suggest that the changing ventilatory needs during the evolution of the low VO2 in the tawny frogmouth have been met primarily by changes in respiratory frequency.

Physiology of thermoregulation in the pika, Ochotona princeps

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. MacArthur ◽  
Lawrence C. H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Daily Fluctuation ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

The mean body temperature of pika measured by radiotelemetry under field and laboratory conditions was 40.1 °C (range = 37.9–42.7) over an ambient temperature range of −9.3 to 24 °C. The maximum daily fluctuation in any one individual was less than 2.6 °C and no seasonal difference in the level of body temperature maintained was observed. Hyperthermia and death occurred after a 2-h exposure to ambient temperatures higher than 28 °C, inclusive.The basal metabolic rate was 1.53 cc O2/g h and the thermal conductance was between 0.096 and 0.050 cc O2/gh °C, 143% and 101–53%, respectively, of their predicted weight-specific values. The relatively high body temperature of pika is attributed to its high basal metabolic rate and good insulation. The low thermal conductance, which indicates a reduction of energy consumption at ambient temperatures below the lower critical temperature (21 °C), favors the overwinter survival of this species when only limited food storage is available.

The metabolic rate and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) at different ambient temperatures

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Ikonomopoulou ◽  
R. W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Reproductive Females

We investigated the metabolic rate, thermoneutral zone and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot in Tasmania. Five adult eastern barred bandicoots (two males, three non-reproductive females) were tested at temperatures of 3, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C. The thermoneutral zone was calculated from oxygen consumption and body temperature, measured during the daytime: their normal resting phase. It was found that the thermoneutral zone lies between 25°C and 30°C, with a minimum metabolic rate of 0.51 mL g–1 h–1 and body temperature of 35.8°C. At cooler ambient temperatures (3–20°C) the body temperature decreased to approximately 34.0°C while the metabolic rate increased from 0.7 to 1.3 mL g–1�h–1. At high temperatures (35°C and 40°C) both body temperature (36.9–38.7°C) and metabolic rate (1.0–1.5 mL g–1 h–1) rose. Thermal conductance was low below an ambient temperature of 30°C but increased significantly at higher temperatures. The low thermal conductance (due, in part, to good insulation, a reduced body temperature at lower ambient temperatures, combined with a relatively high metabolic rate) suggests that this species is well adapted to cooler environments but it could not thermoregulate easily at temperatures above 30°C.

Energy metabolism in an obligate frugivore, the superb fruit-dove (Ptilinopus superbus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Schleucher
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Avian Frugivore

Ptilinopus superbus (body mass 120.4 5.2 g) is a highly specialised, migratory avian frugivore that is widespread in the rainforests of the Indo-Pacific Region and north-eastern Australia. The effect of the specialised diet on metabolic rate (MR) and body temperature (Tb) were investigated at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 13-30ºC in activity (α) and rest (ρ) phases. At thermoneutrality (Ta = 26ºC), the basal metabolic rate (BMR) was 23.2 4.49 J g-1 h-1 , which corresponds closely to the predicted value (22.6 J g-1 h-1). Wet thermal conductance (Cwet) was 2.39 0.45 J g-1 h-1 ºC-1 in α and 1.75 0.13 J g-1 h-1 ºC-1 in ρ for Ta between 13 and 21ºC. These conductances are higher than expected (α: 1.87 J g-1 h-1 ºC-1; ρ: 1.16 J g-1 h-1 ºC-1) for a non-passerine bird of this body mass (M), indicating poor insulation of this tropical species. Tb was 39.6 0.76ºC in α and 38.1 0.55ºC in ρ in the observed Ta range, corresponding closely to expected values (40.9 1.35 in α and 38.6 0.66 in ρ). This study shows no evidence of an influence of the fruit diet on the metabolic physiology of superb fruit doves. Analysis of BMR data for all pigeon species sampled so far provides no evidence that a low basal metabolic rate is a general characteristic of the Columbidae.

Metabolism, Respiration and Evaporative Water Loss in the Australian Hopping-Mouse Notomys Alexis (Rodentia: Muridae).

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Withers ◽  
AK Lee ◽  
RW Martin
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Dry Air

Resting oxygen consumption and total evaporative water loss were determined for N. alexis at ambient temperatures of 20, 28 and 33 deg C in dry air. The minimum rate of oxygen consumption was 0.61 ml min-1 at 33 deg C, and minimum total evaporative water loss was 4.75% body mass day-1 at 28 deg C. Respiration frequency, tidal volume and respiratory minute volume were determined for N. alexis at ambient temperatures of 20, 28 and 33 deg C in air of low or high relative humidity. Minimum values were obtained at 28 deg C and low RH for respiratory minute volume and tidal volume, and at 28 deg C and high RH for respiratory frequency. Expired air temperature of N. alexis at these temperatures was lower than or similar to ambient for mice in air of low RH, but was higher than or similar to ambient at high RH. Respiratory evaporative water loss, calculated from the previous data, was greatest for mice in dry air at 33 deg C, and least in moist air at 33 deg C. Cutaneous evaporative water loss made up about 40-60% of the total evaporative water loss for mice in dry air. The rates of total evaporative water loss were clearly reflected in the manner of body temperature regulation at high ambient temperatures. Hopping-mice in moist air at 28 and 33 deg C became hyperthermic, whereas mice in dry air showed only slight increases in body temperature. The significance of these data to hopping-mice in the field was discussed.

Heterothermy, torpor, respiratory gas exchange, water balance and the effect of feeding in Gould's long-eared bat Nyctophilus gouldi.

1994 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-335
Author(s):  
S Morris ◽  
A L Curtin ◽  
M B Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effects of temperature and nutritional status on the metabolic rate of Nyctophilus gouldi were examined. Bats fed marked meals first defecated approximately 1.34 h after feeding and were calculated to have a mean retention time of 5.38 +/- 0.57 h but to be truly post-absorptive after 9 h. Over the temperature range 1-35 degrees C, the metabolic rate (Vo2) and body temperature (Tb) of fasted bats were extremely labile. Below 30 degrees C, the bats all entered torpor and between 10 and 15 degrees C showed a mean 84% reduction over the maximal Vo2. Body temperature was also minimal over this range (Tb = 12.5 degrees C, Ta = 10-15 degrees C). Both total and dry thermal conductance increased in a curvilinear manner with temperature, total conductance from 3.38 +/- 0.65 J g-1 h-1 degree C-1 at 1 degree C to 24.25 +/- 1.99 J g-1 h-1 degree C-1 at 35 degrees C (mean +/- S.E.M.), while the rate of evaporative water loss increased with Ta by a maximum of 10-fold from 0.21 mg g-1 h-1 at 5 degrees C to 2.69 mg g-1h-1 at 35 degrees C. Between 10 and 25 degrees C, intermittent respiration characterised by episodic bouts of breathing/gas exchange and periods of apnoea with no measurable Vo2 occurred. Although the duration of apnoea decreased when temperature was increased, the volume of oxygen taken up in each episode did not change. Mean respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was low (0.64-0.77) in post-absorptive bats, typical of fat utilisation, but during torpor ranged from near 0 to near 2, indicating discontinuous and disproportional gas exchange. Feeding produced a condition of relatively sustained homeothermy and high RER in the bats which persisted for 9 h, after which the N. gouldi became torpid. Immediately after feeding, the Vo2 of the bats increased fivefold above the post-absorptive level, while the Vco2 increased by more than eightfold. Similarly, body temperature also increased, declining to torpid values after 9. The RER in immediately post-feeding bats was near 1.0 but subsequently declined to near 0.7, indicating a switch from carbohydrate to fat utilisation. Therefore, the N. gouldi were heterothermic, exhibited a highly labile metabolic rate, and rates of heat and water loss, and Tb which were influenced both by ambient temperature and by nutritional status.

scholarly journals The decoupled nature of basal metabolic rate and body temperature in endotherm evolution

Nature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 572 (7771) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Avaria-Llautureo ◽  
Cristián E. Hernández ◽  
Enrique Rodríguez-Serrano ◽  
Chris Venditti
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate
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