A biometric analysis of measurement data from a collection of north Queensland dugong skulls, dugong dugon (Muller)

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Spain ◽  
GE Heinsohn
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second Degree

Aspects of the size allometry of the dugong skull were examined for 26 variables on a sample of 52 animals using the condylo-premaxillary length as a reference standard. Asymmetry was assessed in four paired variables of the mandible. The relationship between body length and condylo- premaxillary length is described by a second degree polynomial. The condylo-premaxillary length at attainment of sexual maturity is approximately 34 cm.

scholarly journals Sazonalidade da Vegetação em Função do Regime Pluviométrico no Estado da Paraíba (Sazonality of the Vegetation as a Function of the Rainfall Regime in the Paraíba State)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Leandro Fontes Souza ◽  
Célia Campos Braga ◽  
Elder Guedes Santos ◽  
Roberta Evellyn Ribeiro ◽  
Pâmela Ribeiro Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Ndvi Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second Degree

O objetivo desse estudo é analisar a variabilidade média do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (IVDN) e compreender sua relação com o regime pluviométrico do estado da Paraíba durante o período de 2007 a 2009. Foram utilizados totais mensais de precipitação de 30 estações pluviométricas distribuídas no Estado, num total de cinco municípios em cada região homogênea de precipitação. Utilizaram-se composições mensais do IVDN obtidas a partir do sensor MODIS/Aqua para o mesmo período. A seguir, utilizou-se a técnica estatística dos mínimos quadrados para encontrar uma equação que melhor se ajustasse aos dados. Constatou-se que as regiões de menor variabilidade do IVDN apresentaram as melhores correlações (r) polinomiais do segundo grau entre o IVDN e a chuva para um nível de significância α = 0,01. Em todas as regiões as correlações foram superiores a 0,79. O menor erro padrão percentual da estimativa foi obtido na Zona da Mata e Litoral (8,79%) onde as chuvas são mais regulares com menor variabilidade do índice de vegetação. Nas demais regiões o erro percentual padrão da estimativa (EPPE) oscilou de 10,14 a 16,78%. O modelo polinomial de segundo grau foi utilizado para estimar o IVDN usando dados de precipitação do ano de 2005, o EPPE oscilou de 12,89 a 26,11% evidenciando que o modelo representa bem o comportamento do IVDN em função das chuvas.  ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the variability of the Normalized Deferential Vegetation Index mean (NDVI) and its relationship between to precipitation and NDVI index at Paraíba state during 2007-2009. The precipitation data are from 30 rain gauges spacially distributed at Paraíba region in a total of five county by homogeneous region, whereas the NDVI were inferred using the sensor MODIS on board the Aqua satellite. Was applied the method of least squares to find the relationship that best represents the behavior of NDVI depending on rainfall. Was found that regions with low variability of NDVI showed the best correlation (r) second degree polynomial between NDVI and rainfall for a significance level α=0.01. The analysis between precipitation and NDVI have a high correlation (r >0.79) for all regions evaluated. The lowest Standard Error Percentage of the Estimate was obtained at Coastal region (8.79%) where rains are more regular with less variability in the vegetation index. In the remaining areas of estimate (EPPE) percentage error ranged from 10.14 to 16.78%. The second degree polynomial model was used to estimate NDVI using rainfall data of 2005 and the EPPE ranged from 12.89 to 26.11% showing that the model represents well the behavior of NDVI depending on rainfall.   

Mid upper arm circumference as an alternative measure to assess the nutritional status of adolescents: a study in India based on NFHS-4 data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aparna Roy ◽  
T. V. Sekher
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Use of body mass index (BMI) to assess the nutritional status of adolescents requires many resources, especially for country-level assessment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BMI and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) among adolescent males and females in India and to examine whether MUAC effectively represents the nutritional status of adolescents. The study utilized anthropometric measurement data collected by India’s National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–16). The weighted sample for analysis included 91,315 female and 14,893 male adolescents. The BMI and MUAC measurements showed a positive correlation in both female and male adolescents. Using BMI-for-age Z-score classifications, 12.7% of the adolescents were undernourished. Using MUAC (in cm) as per NACS (Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support) guidelines and Mramba et al. (2017) classified 22.9% and 3.7% of the adolescents as undernourished respectively. Finally, using the MUAC-for-age Z-score classification, 98.4% of adolescents were determined to be normal and 1.7% undernourished. Sensitivity and specificity tests of the MUAC cut-offs, in comparison with BMI cut-offs, showed that all three MUAC cut-off classifications had high specificity (NACS cut-off: 81.3%; Mramba et al. cut-off (cm): 97.7%; Mramba et al. cut-off (Z-score): 99.1%). The NACS cut-off had moderately high sensitivity (52.2%) but the Mramba et al. cut-offs had low sensitivity (13.3% for the centimetre cut-off and 6.6% for the Z-score cut-off). Sensitivity and specificity tests proved the relationship between BMI and MUAC, and that MUAC represents adolescent nutritional status with considerable efficiency. With further research, it may be established that MUAC is a better and promising measure of adolescent nutrition, having the advantage of needing fewer resources for data collection. The MUAC has the potential to offer a simple and low-resource alternative to BMI to assess nutritional status among adolescents in poor countries.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MAXIMAL THYROXINE BINDING CAPACITIES OF THYROXINE-BINDING INTERALPHA GLOBULIN AND THYROXINE-BINDING PREALBUMIN, THE SERUM PROTEIN BOUND IODINE CONCENTRATION AND SEXUAL MATURITY IN ADOLESCENTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Goldsmith ◽  
J. L. Rauh ◽  
R. Kloth ◽  
J. Dahlgren
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The serum PBI concentration and the maximal thyroxine binding capacity for TBG and TBPA were determined in 100 adolescents. The subjects were classified according to sex and degree of sexual maturity. PBI was determined by an autoanalyzer method: Maximal thyroxine binding capacity for TBG fell with increasing maturation in males while TBPA capacity rose in both sexes. The slight changes in serum PBI noted with increasing sexual maturity correlated directly with the slight changes in TBG binding capacity; no correlation between PBI and TBPA binding capacity was observed as maturity progressed.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis and Diabetes Mellitus: Further Evidence of a Relationship

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Warren ◽  
K.G. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Second Degree

SUMMARY:One hundred multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were compared to healthy controls to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in their families. Significantly, more MS patients than controls were diabetic or reported at least one first degree relative (parent, sibling, child) with diabetes. The relationship between MS and diabetes persisted when second degree relatives (grandparents, aunts and uncles) were taken into consideration.A greater percentage of MS patients with another MS relative were diabetic or reported a first degree relative with diabetes mellitus than MS patients without an MS relative. However the difference was not statistically significant. Nor was there a significant difference when percentages reporting either a first or a second degree relative with diabetes were compared.

The Relationship Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Salivary Cortisol, and the Metabolic Syndrome Score in Girls

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina D. DuBose ◽  
Andrew J. McKune
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between physical activity levels, salivary cortisol, and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) score was examined. Twenty-three girls (8.4 ± 0.9 years) had a fasting blood draw, waist circumference and blood pressure measured, and wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for 5 days. Saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol levels. Previously established cut points estimated the minutes spent in moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A continuous MetSyn score was created from blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, and glucose values. Correlation analyses examined associations between physical activity, cortisol, the MetSyn score, and its related components. Regression analysis examined the relationship between cortisol, the MetSyn score, and its related components adjusting for physical activity, percent body fat, and sexual maturity. Vigorous physical activity was positively related with 30 min post waking cortisol values. The MetSyn score was not related with cortisol values after controlling for confounders. In contrast, HDL was negatively related with 30 min post waking cortisol. Triglyceride was positively related with 30 min post waking cortisol and area under the curve. The MetSyn score and many of its components were not related to cortisol salivary levels even after adjusting for physical activity, body fat percentage, and sexual maturity.

scholarly journals Seasonal maturation of Glypthelmins vitellinophilum (Trematoda: Digenea) in Lysapsus limellus (Anura: Pseudidae) from an Argentinian subtropical permanent pond

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1a) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Parasite Stage ◽  
Permanent Pond ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
The Relationship

From December 1995 to November 2000, the seasonal maturation of Glypthelmins vitellinophilum Dobbin, 1958, in its definitive host, the frog Lysapsus limellus Cope, 1862, was studied in a subtropical permanent pond in northeastern Argentina. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the infrapopulation dynamics of the parasite, analyzing the seasonal maturation cycle throughout the years; and 2) to examine the relationship between the intensity of trematode infection in different developmental stages (recruitment, growth and maturation) and the host's body length. Of a total of 1,400 frogs examined over 60 months (5 years), 38% were found to be infected with G. vitellinophilum, and the intensity of infection was 1-15 trematodes per frog. Specimens of G. vitellinophilum were present in L. limellus throughout the years, but did not show a pronounced seasonal maturation cycle. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed with reference to climatic fluctuations and biotic factors. The infective period of the parasite (stage I) occurred in summer, autumn and spring, coinciding with the time each frog cohort appeared. These infections were found principally in small body sizes (classes 1 and 2) of L. limellus. Juvenile and nongravid specimens of worms (stage II and III) were found in frogs of different body sizes throughout the period of investigation. Gravid specimens of the parasite (stage IV) were generally recorded in autumn, winter and spring, mainly in the bodies of larger frogs. The body length of Trematodes in stages I and IV was significantly and positively correlated with that of the frogs.

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