Observations of the organ of bellonci of the shrimp Paratya rasmaniensis Riek (Crustacea : Decapoda : Atyidae) with particular reference to the structure of the onion body cells

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Lake ◽  
JE Ong
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ciliary Process ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Colloidal Material ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath ◽  
Outer Plasma Membrane

The organ of Bellonci of P. tasmaniensis is near the posterior ventral surface of the eyestalk and adjacent to the medulla externa. It is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath and contains lightly staining cells and onion bodies. There is a lumen with colloidal material. Histochemical observations reveal that the onion bodies are proteinaceous, with some lipid and carbohydrate also present. Glycoprotein appears to exist in the cells, while the colloidal material contains carbohydrates and acid mucopolysaccharides. The onion body cells may each be divided into three regions, the basal region, the terminal region, and the onion body. The basal region contains the nucleus, microbodies, golgi complexes, phaosomes, and 4004 electron-dense granules. The terminal region is notable for its high concentration of mitochondria and for its folded outer plasma membrane. From the terminal region, a ciliary process with a poorly defined 9+2 fibril arrangement arises. This structure expands into a bulbous process which then gives rise to lamellae. The lamellae are folded into an oval structure which constitute the onion body. The lamellae may contain mitochondria, lipid droplets, and lysosome-like bodies. The lamellate form of the onion bodies may be transformed into a vesiculated form, cyclically. It is suggested that the organ of Bellonci of P. tasmaniensis is a photoreceptor organ. It also appears to be an active secretory organ.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON MICROPEROXISOMES II. A CYTOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1006-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEX B. NOVIKOFF ◽  
PHYLLIS M. NOVIKOFF ◽  
CLEVELAND DAVIS ◽  
NELSON QUINTANA
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Pig Kidney

A modification of the Novikoff-Goldfischer alkaline 3,3'-diaminobenzidine medium for visualizing peroxisomes is described. It makes possible light microscopic as well as electron microscopic studies of a recently described class of peroxisomes, the microperoxisomes. Potassium cyanide (5 x 10–3 M) is included in the medium to inhibit mitochondrial staining, the pH is 9.7 and there is a high concentration of H2O2 (0.05%). Two cell types have been chosen to illustrate the advantages of the new procedure for demonstrating the microperoxisomes: the absorptive cells in the human jejunum and the distal tubule cells in the guinea pig kidney. Suggestive relations of microperoxisomes and lipid are described in the human jejunum. The microperoxisomes are strategically located between smooth endoplasmic reticulum that radiates toward the organelles and contains lipid droplets and "central domains" of highly specialized endoplasmic reticulum which do not show the lipid droplets. The microperoxisomes are also present at the periphery of large lipid-like drops. In the guinea pig kidney tubule there is a striking difference between the thick limb of Henle and distal tubule. The distal tubule has a population of cells with large numbers of microperoxisomes readily visible by light microscopy; these cells are not present in the thick limb of Henle. Other differences between the two are also described.

The Effects of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonist RGDS on Platelet Aggregation and Release Reaction In Vitro.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3908-3908
Author(s):  
Shuangfeng Xie ◽  
Songmei Yin ◽  
Danian Nie ◽  
Yiqing Li ◽  
Xiuju Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Platelet Glycoprotein ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Release Reaction ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Platelet Release

Abstract Platelet activation, including platelet adhesion, platelet aggregation and platelet release reaction, played an important role in thrombogenesis. We all knew that Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist was the most effective drug for anti-aggregation, while we don’t know clearly its effect on platelet release reaction and the relations between its effects on platelet aggregation and release reaction. Platelet release reactions included α-granules and dense granules releasing. When α-granules were released, its membrane glycoprotein CD62p was expressed in the platelet membrane. We used the CD62p expression as the index of platelet release reaction. In the current study, the 4-peptides RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) was used as glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist. We detected the effects of RGDS on platelet aggregation and CD62p expression induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (finial concentration, 5μmol/L) in vitro. 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800μmol/L RGDS were used separately in the test. RGDS of each concentration could significantly inhibited maximal platelet aggregation (PAG(M)) induced by ADP, the 50% inhibiting concentration was approximately 200μmol/L. 800μmol/L RGDS could inhibited PAG(M) by 80.48±8.18%. Only ≥200μmol/L RGDS could significantly inhibited platelet CD62p expression. 800μmol/L RGDS could inhibit platelet CD62p expression by 27.31±9.74%. The inhibiting effect of RGDS on PAG(M) and platelet CD62p expression had significantly correlation (r =0.976, P<0.05). These results indicated that RGDS in low concentration (<200μmol) had little negative effect on platelet release reaction induced by ATP, while in relatively high concentration (≥200μmol) RGDS could inhibit platelet release reaction. When RGDS concentrations were same its effect on platelet release reaction was much less than that on platelet aggregation, which indicated that platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa compound could only partly participated in the platelet release reaction but fully participated in platelet aggregation induced by ADP.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Interaction of Neuropathy Target Esterase with the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Lipid Droplets

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingan Chang ◽  
Ling He ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Christoph Heier ◽  
Yijun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Neuropathy Target Esterase ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
R Region

Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized phospholipase that deacylates phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Loss-of-function mutations in the human NTE gene have been associated with a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders such as hereditary spastic paraplegia, ataxia and chorioretinal dystrophy. Despite this, little is known about structure–function relationships between NTE protein domains, enzymatic activity and the interaction with cellular organelles. In the current study we show that the C-terminal region of NTE forms a catalytically active domain that exhibits high affinity for lipid droplets (LDs), cellular storage organelles for triacylglycerol (TAG), which have been recently implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Ectopic expression of the C domain in cultured cells decreases cellular PC, elevates TAG and induces LD clustering. LD interactions of NTE are inhibited by default by a non-enzymatic regulatory (R) region with three putative nucleotide monophosphate binding sites. Together with a N-terminal TMD the R region promotes proper distribution of the catalytic C-terminal region to the ER network. Taken together, our data indicate that NTE may exhibit dynamic interactions with the ER and LDs depending on the interplay of its functional regions. Mutations that disrupt this interplay may contribute to NTE-associated disorders by affecting NTE positioning.

Seasonal Changes in the Fine Structure of the Basal Granular Cells of the Bat Thyroid

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
E. A. NUNEZ ◽  
R. P. GOULD ◽  
D. W. HAMILTON ◽  
J. S. HAYWARD ◽  
S. J. HOLT
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Dense Granules

The fine structure of the thyroid gland of non-hibernating, hibernating, and intermittently aroused hibernating bats was examined. It was found that in addition to the ordinary follicular cell, another widespread thyroid cell type is present in all bats examined. This cell is situated in the basal region of the thyroid follicle and is characterized by a cytoplasm full of secretory-like granules. In the basal cells of bats captured in April and June the granules consist of an extremely dense core and are of a uniform size averaging from 0.1-0.5 µ in diameter. In bats caught in August the solid dense granules vary greatly in size and large granules of diameters from 2 to 5 µ are common. These large granules are often found concentrated in groups in the most basal region of the follicular epithelium. Hibernating bats are characterized by partly or totally degranulated basal thyroid cells. The cytoplasmic granules in the partly degranulated cell vary greatly in appearance, ranging from solid dense granules to empty vesicles. In totally degranulated basal cells, empty vesicles fill the cytoplasmic matrix. The granular endoplasmic reticulum of the basal thyroid cell also shows seasonal changes, while the Golgi complex remains a well-developed organelle throughout the year. These observations suggest that the thyroid basal granular cell is involved in secretory activities; its possible functional role is discussed.

Lipid Droplet Topolysis, Disruption and Resolution in Human Hepatocytes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Z. Hruban ◽  
S. Glagov ◽  
S.F. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Human Hepatocytes ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Electron Lucent

Accumulation of loose filamentous network at the periphery of lipid droplets and changes in adjacent cytomembranes were seen in hepatocytes of rats fed W-1372, a hypocholesterolemic agent (1). These alterations, termed topolysis, may represent a form of erosion and resolution of lipid droplets. They are similar to formations seen in lipid containing cells of normal animals such as the supracaudal gland of the guinea pig and the uropygial gland of the hen.Similar changes were sought in hepatocytes of ten patients with fatty liver. Portions of needle biopsy specimens were fixed in cold 3% glutaraldehyde and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. While usual lipid droplets are homogeneous, many of droplets in the studied patients were heterogeneous. They contained patches of very low electron density, electron lucent clefts, membraneous material, electron dense granules of various sizes and amorphous clumps.

Morphology and histology of tarsal glands in bumble bees of the genera Bombus, Pyrobombus, and Megabombus

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pouvreau
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Tarsal Gland ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Tarsal Glands

The last tarsal segment and pretarsus of adult bumble bees are described. The tarsal gland on the fifth tarsomere of each leg in all individuals of a colony consists of simple glandular epithelium surrounding a reservoir in which its secretory products accumulate. Movement of the pretarsus in and out of the fifth tarsomere helps to discharge the secretion of the gland onto the ventral surface of the arolium. Study of the fine structure of the glandular cells reveals the presence of cytoplasmic organelles involved in secretion. The apical surface of the cells bears numerous microvilli associated with a smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Ergastoplasm is mainly located in the basal region. The spherical or ovoid nucleus is generally located basally and the cytoplasm contains uniformly distributed Golgi complexes, ribosomes which vary in number from one area to another, more or less electron-dense multivesicular bodies, mitochondria, and pinocytotic vesicles and coated vesicles in the cytoplasm of the apical area. Interdigitations and desmosomes contribute to the cohesion of cells within the epithelium. The tarsal gland of bumble bees is compared with that of other insects, and the function of its secretion is considered.

scholarly journals The N-terminal region of acyl-CoA synthetase 3 is essential for both the localization on lipid droplets and the function in fatty acid uptake

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete Poppelreuther ◽  
Berenice Rudolph ◽  
Chen Du ◽  
Regina Großmann ◽  
Melanie Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Acid Uptake

scholarly journals The connective tissue sheath of the locust nervous system: its development in the embryo

1965 ◽  
Vol s3-106 (73) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
DOREEN E. ASHHURST
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
Electron Dense Material ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath ◽  
Sheath Cells

The embryological development of the connective tissue sheath around the nervous system has been investigated in Schistocerca gregaria. The sheath cells appear to be derived from outlying ganglion cells. The neural lamella is first visible when the embryo is 9 days old and it increases in thickness until hatching occurs on the twelfth day. It is produced entirely by the sheath cells. The sheath cells have numerous lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. Some neutral mucopolysaccharide and proteins are also present. The histochemical reactions of the neural lamella after its formation suggest that it is composed of collagenous proteins embedded in neutral mucopolysaccharides. The sheath cells are typical fibroblasts during the formation of the neural lamella. The cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum are dilated into vesicles which contain a somewhat electron-dense material. No intracellular fibrils were observed. Collagen fibrils with banding of periodicity between 55 and 60 mµ. are seen in the neural lamella from 11 days onwards.

Hepatocytes and Renal Proximal Tubules of Bile Fistula Rats

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 354-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Hruban ◽  
R. H. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Bile Fistula ◽  
Ad Libitum

Bile fistulae were produced in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats by cannulation of bile duct. The rats were kept in restraining cages, bile was collected, food and water were given ad libitum and saline was injected s.c. Rats were killed after 26 hrs and three days (60,68,72 hrs).Hepatocytes of rat with 26 hrs bile fistula had markedly dilated rough cisternae. Dilated Golgi sacs contained many moderately dense granules. Homogeneous and heterogeneous dense bodies were small. Lipid droplets were frequent. Hepatocytes of rats with 3 day fistulae (Fig.1) contained many large heterogeneous dense bodies. Golgi sacs and vacuoles were large and contained very dense granules 40 to 85 mμ in diameter (Fig.2).

Quantitative analysis of post-embedding immunogold Electron Microscopy with differently sized labelling gold particles

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1048-1049
Author(s):  
J. Gu ◽  
M. D'Andrea
Keyword(s):  
Staining Technique ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Immunogold Staining ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Atrial Cardiocytes ◽  
Tissue Antigens

The post-embedding immunogold staining technique is a powerful tool in localizing tissue antigens at the ultrastructural level. The highly electron dense colloidal gold particles are easily visible under electron microscope and the differently sized gold particles allow a simultaneous demonstration of more than one tissue antigens in the same grid. The sizes of the commercially available labelling gold particles range from 1 nm to 40 nm. It is generally believed that the smaller the gold particles the better the detecting sensitivity of the technique. However, no quantitative data in this regard is available. We carried out an experiment to assess the detecting sensitivities of differently sized labelling gold particles in the post-embedding electron microscopic indirect immunogold staining method using atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in rat atria as a model.ANP is a newly discovered cardiac hormone with 28 amino acids. In the heart it is located exclusively in the specific electron dense granules in the cytoplasm of atrial cardiocytes. The high concentration and the well defined location of this tissue antigen makes it an ideal model to evaluate the detecting sensitivities of immunostaining techniques.

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