Studies in Australian amphibia III. The limnodynastes dorslis complex (Anura : Leptodactylidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Martin
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Male Morphology

The L. dorsalis complex is distributed extensively through coastal Australia, the Dividing Range, and parts of the western slopes and plains. Six subspecies have been described in the complex. Four of these are raised to species status and two additional subspecies are described. The complex thus comprises eight taxa in all: L. dorsalis, L. dumerili dumerili, L. d. insularis, L. d. grayi, L. d. variegatus, L, d. fryi, L. interioris, and L. terraereginae. The taxa were compared using two main criteria: adult male morphology and mating-call structure. Topotypic or near-topotypic samples of each form were obtained to ensure that comparisons were valid. L. dorsalis is restricted to Western Australia and is disjunctly allopatric to all the other forms in the complex. The eastern taxa have mainly parapatric distributions with several areas of contact between them. Where the range of L. d. dumerili comes into contact with those of L. d. insularis and L. d. variegatus, broad hybrid zones (up to 240 km wide) are formed. L. d. dumerili and L. d, grayi also appear to hybridize extensively. Where the range of L. d. dumerili contacts that of L. interioris a narrower hybrid zone (25-32km wide) is formed. Both L. d, dumerili and L. interioris have achieved sympatry with L, termereginae without any evidence of hybridization. The types of contact interactions can be related to the levels of divergence, particularly in mating-call structure, between the forms. Thus the calls of L, d. dumerili, L. d. insularis, L. d, grayi, and L. d. variegatus are all very similar. The call of L. interioris is quantitatively different to that of L. d. dumerili, with a lower dominant frequency,

Contact hybridization in the Crinia laevis complex (Anura : Leoptodactylidae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Littlejohn ◽  
GF Watson ◽  
JJ Loftus-Hills
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
High Level ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Different Parts

Mating-call structure was used to determine the nature and extent of an interaction between the two morphologically indistinguishable taxa, C. laevis and C. victoriana, where their geographic ranges contact in south-western Victoria. Intermediacy of mating-call structure was detected in a zone about 115 km long and less than 2 km wide. Acoustic analysis of call samples from six localities indicated that hybrids, backcross progeny, and one or both parental types were present in this zone. Results of reciprocal artificial hybridization tests between allopatric individuals of the two taxa showed that there was a high level of interfertility in both combinations, but with slightly reduced survival to metamorphosis. Presumed backcrosses using males from the hybrid zone resulted in a higher level of survival to metamorphosis. The zone does not coincide with any conspicuous ecotone and presumably represents a complex balance point with various environmental factors contributing to a greater or lesser extent in different parts of the contact. In spite of this lack of reproductive isolation, the narrowness of the zone and the presumed antiquity of the contact demonstrate that the taxa will continue to maintain their distinctness, and should retain their specific status.

ACANTHONYX FORMOSA, A NEW SPECIES OF SPIDER CRAB (DECAPODA, BRACHYURA, MAJIDAE) FROM SEAWEED BEDS IN TAIWAN

Crustaceana ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Ping Yu ◽  
Peter Ng ◽  
Shu-Ho Wu
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA new species of spider crab, Acanthonyx formosa, is described from seaweed beds in Taiwan. The species is allied to A. euryseroche Griffin & Tranter, 1986, from western Australia, but differs markedly in the proportions of the adult male rostrum, and in the structure of the hepatic tooth, the third maxilliped, the adult male chela, and the male first pleopod. Acanthonyx formosa is only the second species of Acanthonyx known from the Pacific, the other being A. simplex Dana, 1852, from Hawaii. Une nouvelle espece de crabe, Acanthonyx formosa, est decrite de lits d'algues, a Taiwan. L'espece est apparentee a A. euryseroche Griffin & Tranter, 1986, d'Australie occidentale, mais en differe nettement dans les proportions du rostre du male adulte, la structure de la dent hepatique, le troisieme maxillipede, la pince du male adulte et le premier pleopode male. Acanthonyx formosa n'est que la seconde espece du genre connue du Pacifique, la premiere etant A. simplex Dana, 1852, des Hawa.

The Litoria ewingi Complex (Anura: Hylidae) in South-Eastern Australia VII.* Mating Call Structure and Gentic Compatibility across a Narrow Hybrid Zone between L. ewingi and L. parawingi

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Littlejohn ◽  
GF Watson
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Allopatric Population ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Eastern Australia

On the basis of the number of pulses per repeated note and of repeated notes per call for individual males, the interaction between Litoria ewingi and L. paraewingi in the region of the Tallarook (northern) transect is interpreted as a transitional hybrid zone, with populations consisting of hybrids and individuals of only one or other parental species. The Tallarook transect thus differs from the Glenburn (southern) transect, which is considered to be an overlap of both parental species together with recombination products. The minimum width of the zone in the area of the Tallarook transect is estimated to be 25 km, compared with 5 km for the Glenburn transect. Levels of partial and total anophthalmia were assessed in progeny from in vitro crosses involving a total of 27 males from both transects whose calls had been recorded and analysed, and females of L. ewingi from adjacent allopatry (a measure of the genetic representation of L. paraewingi). The results are, with one exception, consistent with the mating-call structure of these males. As was found with the Glenburn transect, calls of males of L. paraewingi from an allopatric population on the Tallarook transect close to the zone of interaction are more distinctive from calls of L. ewingi in pulses per repeated note than are those of distant allopatric populations of L. paraewingi. This finding is consistent with the suggestion that the products of reinforcing selection may be accumulating near the zone of interaction.

The litoria ewingi complex (Anura : Hylidae) in south-eastern Australia IV. Variation in mating-call structure across a narrow hybrid zone between L. ewingi ad L.paraewingi

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Littlejohn
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Pulse Repetition ◽  
Reproductive Character Displacement ◽  
Genetic Incompatibility ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Mating Calls

The presence of mating calls characteristic of both parental species, and of intermediate calls, within the zone of contact between L. ewingi and L. paraewingi supports the earlier interpretation that the interaction is an overlap with hybridization. Pulse repetition rates are similar throughout the transect, and there are no clear indications of reproductive character displacement within the hybrid zone, even though marked one-way genetic incompatibility is present. However, calls from close allopatry are more distinctive than those from distant allopatry, mainly in pulses per repeated note (a meristic character reflecting differences in note duration), suggesting that the effects of reinforcing selection may be accumulating in the proximity of the zone of interaction.

Hybridization Between the Western and Northern Call Races of the Limnodynastes-Tasmaniensis Complex (Anura, Myobatrachidae) on the Murray River in South Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Repetition Rate ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Hybrid Inviability ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Murray River ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
Marne River

The Limnodynastes tasmaniensis complex consists of three call races: northern, southern and western. This paper documents differences in call structure between the western and northern races: differences in note repetition rate, dominant frequency, average number of notes per call and pulses per second note, but not in pulse repetition rate. The races also differ in egg size (smaller in northern) and egg number (higher in northern). There are zones of overlap between these two races west from Morgan and along the Marne River in South Australia. Mixed populations contain both parental and hybrid phenotypes. Hybrids were identified by a hybrid index based on the three call components that overlapped least (note repetition rate, dominant frequency and average number of notes per call). Temporary range expansions, associated with flooding on the Murray River, are documented for the northern call race. Artificial hybridisations revealed no evidence of hybrid inviability and this was supported by estimates of egg viability in field-collected egg masses from the Morgan zone of overlap. The hybrid zones are interpreted as zones of overlap with hybridisation where introgression is likely to occur. Biogeographic data suggest that the northern call race may be spreading south and west, displacing the western call race.

The butterfly squid Stoloteuthis leucoptera in the Mediterranean

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Orsi Relini ◽  
Daniela Massi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
The Other ◽  
Otter Trawl ◽  
Ligurian Sea ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Recent Immigration

The presence of Stoloteuthis leucoptera in the Mediterranean is recorded on the basis of three specimens, including an adult male, caught by IKMT and by commercial otter-trawl in the Ligurian Sea. The hypothesis of a recent immigration is discussed.The list of Mediterranean cephalopods (Mangold Wirz, 1963; Torchio, 1968; Bello, 1986; Mangold & Boletzsky, 1987) includes the Sepiolidae of the subfamily Heteroteuthinae, whose members are supposed to be pelagic throughout their life cycle. Mangold Wirz (1963) recognizes in the Mediterranean fauna the unique species Heteroteuthis dispar, the other authors include H. atlantis Voss, which Voss himself (1955) reported at Messina. To this group may now be added Stoloteuthis leucoptera (Verrill, 1878) a species until now recorded in limited Atlantic areas. Verrill (1881) wrote “This species is an exceedingly beautiful one, when living, owing to the elegance and brilliancy of its colours and the gracefulness of its movements. In swimming it moves its fins in a manner analogous to the motion of the wings of a butterfly.”

scholarly journals A new species of Tomopterna (Anura: Ranidae) from the Kruger National Park, with notes on related species

Koedoe ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Passmore ◽  
V. C. Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
The Other ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Calling Behaviour ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Mating Calls ◽  
New Form ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Tomoptema, T. krugerensis, sp. n., has been recorded from the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa.Morphologically it is very similar to T. delalandei cryptotis (Boulenger) but the mating call is markedly different from that of the other members of the genus and this is coupled with small but consistent morphological differences.T. krugerensis sp. n. is known to occur only on a portion of the western fringe of the vast sandveld areas of Mozambique, but possibly has a much wider distribution. Mating call, calling behaviour, eggs, early development and defence mechanisms are described. The affinities of the new form are discussed and the mating calls of other members of the genus are reviewed. Mating call is again shown to be a sensitive non-morphological taxonomic tool.

Evoked Potentials by Letters in Printed and Script Forms

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Mecacci ◽  
Dario Salmaso
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Amplitude Component ◽  
Male Subjects

Visual evoked potentials were recorded for 6 adult male subjects in response to single vowels and consonants in printed and script forms. Analysis showed the vowels in the printed form to have evoked responses with shorter latency (component P1 at about 133 msec.) and larger amplitude (component P1-N1) than the other letter-typeface combinations. No hemispheric asymmetries were found. The results partially agree with the behavioral data on the visual information-processing of letters.

scholarly journals Effect of the Clenbuterol drug in some physiological parameters in male rabbits(Oryctolagus cuniculs)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-648
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Blood Samples

This study was designed to investigate the effect of the Clenbuterol drug in some physiological parameters of Liver, Kidney function and lipidprofie concentration. Fourty adult male rabbits were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups,the first group was given distilled water (control) ,while the other third groups were given (2,4,6 µg/kg) of Clenbuterol drug for 30 days. Blood samples were collected after 14 and 30 days of the treatment for biochemical study. Drug caused non significant increase(P

Studies in Australian amphibia II..Taxonomy, ecology and evolution of the genus Heleioporus Gray (Anura : Leptodactylidae)

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Lee
Keyword(s):  
Species Status ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Ephemeral Ponds ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
The Status ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Winter Rain

The status of the five existing species of the genus Heleioporus Gray, H. albopunctatus Gray, H. australiacus (Shaw), H. eyrei (Gray), H. inornatus Lee & Main, and H. psammophilus Lee & Main are confirmed on the basis of morphological and behavioural criteria and the results of interpopulation in vitro crosses. The Western Australian population, formerly included under H. australiacus, is raised to species status on the basis of consistent differences in morphology and mating call. Each species is redescribed, and descriptions of the larvae and juveniles are included. The results of in vitro crosses support the recognition of two species groups, a bassian group comprising H. australiacus, the H. australiacus-like frog, and H. inornatus, and an eyrean group comprising H. albopunctatus, H. eyrei, and H. psammophilus. The breeding biology of all of the western species appears closely tied to the Mediterranean climate of south-western Australia. All species breed in April and May. Rain sufficient to moisten the soil, and declining temperatures are the two most obvious environmental factors influencing the timing of breeding. Breeding sites include ephemeral ponds and water courses, and the edges of coastal lakes. Breeding occurs before these are covered by water, in winter. Males call from burrows, and copulation, oviposition, and embryonic development all occur at the bottom of these burrows. Where they occur together, the burrows of H. albopunctatus, H. eyrei, and H. psammophilus are found scattered through the centre of a swamp and those of H. inornatus, around the periphery. The eggs are laid in froth, and development to hatching takes between 1 and 3 weeks. Hatching may be delayed by withholding the eggs from water. The period between the onset of calling and hatching of the embryos roughly corresponds to the period between the onset of winter rain and the flooding of larval sites. The larvae of H. albopunctatus, H. eyrei, and H, psammophilus are found in ponds, those of H. inornatus in collapsed, flooded breeding burrows, and those of H. australiacus and the H. australiacus-like frog in creeks.

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