Salt excretion in the Australian pipit, Anthus novaeseelandiae (Aves : Motacillidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Rounsevell
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Nasal Secretion ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Salt Excretion ◽  
Nasal Glands

Salt loading and treatment with cortisol did not induce nasal secretion of inorganic ions in pipits, and the structure of the glands did not appear to change after three consecutive days of the treatment. Salt loading did show that pipits could excrete urine containing sodium ions at NaCl concentrations of up to 570 m-equiv/l. It is concluded that the nasal glands in A. novaeseelandiae are not important in the excretion of electrolytes.

Osmoregulation in the Lobster Homarus americanus

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Dall
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Salt Excretion ◽  
Rapid Adjustment ◽  
Antennal Glands

Lobsters took 72 hr to adapt to a salinity of 20‰, with urine becoming markedly hypoosmotic to the blood during the first 25 hr, then increasing in concentration over the next 48 hr, though remaining significantly hypoosmotic to the blood. Adaptation to a salinity of 37‰ took 24 hr: the urine became almost isosmotic with the blood: the gastric and rectal fluids became hyperosmotic to the blood. Blood freezing-point determinations showed that over the salinity range 20–37‰ the lobster is able to osmoregulate to a limited extent only towards the lower end of the range, being otherwise an "osmocon-former." Salt-loading experiments indicated that the excess salts were rapidly excreted into the gut. It is concluded that the antennal glands are at least partly responsible for elimination of excess water, but that the gut is the site of salt excretion, and that there is rapid adjustment of salt imbalance.

THE INFLUENCE OF LESIONS IN THE POSTEROVENTRAL GREY MATTER OF THE MID-BRAINS OF RATS ON SALT EXCRETION

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
H. L. GWYNNE ◽  
MARY F. LOCKETT ◽  
J. F. MARWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Salt Balance ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Salt Excretion ◽  
Normal Speed

SUMMARY Lesions in the posteroventral grey matter of the mid-brain reduced the ability of rats to excrete single oral saline loads and to adapt at normal speed to salt loading. Rats with these lesions had normal adrenal and thyroid function but stores of growth hormone in the adenohypophysis were reduced. Typical behavioural changes were induced: these included hyperactivity, almost frenzied blind running when disturbed which converted to perimeter running when obstructed by any object; hyperphagia and obesity. Effects on ability to handle salt loads are attributed to section of fibres ascending to the diencephalic centre in the posterior nuclei of the hypothalamus which influences salt balance.

Axonal Function and Ionic Regulation in the Central Nervous System of a Phytophagous Insect (Carausius Morosus)

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-247
Author(s):  
J. E. TREHERNE ◽  
S. H. P. MADDRELL
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Phytophagous Insect ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Action Current ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
The Central Nervous System

1. Experiments vising intracellular and extracellular recording techniques indicate that, despite the specialized ionic composition of the haemolymph, the axons in the nerve cord of Carausius are conventional in that the action current is largely carried by sodium ions. 2. This effect is achieved by an appreciable regulation of the concentrations of inorganic ions in the extracellular fluid bathing the axon surfaces. 3. The extra-axonal regulation does not appear to result from any significant restriction in the accessibility of cations to the general extracellular system, but from a local regulation which appears to maintain a relatively high concentration of sodium ions at the axon surfaces. 4. It is suggested that such a regulation may be achieved by an extrusion of sodium ions from the glial cells into the restricted extra-axonal spaces demonstrated in the electron micrographs of this preparation.

scholarly journals Quantitative immunoelectron microscopic localization of (Na+,K+)ATPase on rat exocrine pancreatic cells.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Tanaka ◽  
M Akayama ◽  
A Yamamoto ◽  
K Omori ◽  
Y Tashiro
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
Pancreatic Cells ◽  
Duct Cells

Distribution of (Na+,K+)ATPase in rat exocrine pancreatic cells was investigated quantitatively by immunoelectron microscopy using the post-embedding protein A-gold technique. We found that in acinar and duct cells (Na+,K+)ATPase exists on both the luminal and the basolateral surfaces, with higher particle density on the luminal surface (4.4 times in the acinar cells and 5.6 times in the duct cells). According to Bolender (J Cell Biol 61:269, 1974), the luminal surface represents only 5% of the total cell surface of an average pancreatic acinar cell. It is roughly estimated, therefore, that approximately 80% of the plasma membrane (Na+,K+)ATPase in the acinar cells exists on the basolateral surface. When the acinar and duct cells were compared, more than twice as many particles were found on acinar cells than on duct cells. The enzyme existed on all the cell surfaces, preferentially on the microvilli or on the cell membrane folds, and no clustering was detected. We suggest that the (Na+,K+)ATPase on the basolateral surface is mainly responsible for the extrusion of a large number of sodium ions that are incorporated into the cytoplasm accompanying the secondary active transport of various organic substances and inorganic ions, whereas that on the luminal surface is responsible for active extrusion of sodium ions that are partially responsible for the fluid secretion of the pancreatic cells.

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy of Enzymes and Enzyme Complexes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Edstrom ◽  
Xiuru Yang ◽  
Mary E. Gurnack ◽  
Marcia A. Miller ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Metabolic Channeling ◽  
Simplistic Notion ◽  
Soluble Enzymes

Many of the questions in biochemistry and cell biology are concerned with the relationships of proteins and other macromolecules in complex arrays which are responsible for carrying out metabolic sequences. The simplistic notion that the enzymes we isolate in soluble form from the cytoplasm were also soluble in vivo is being replaced by the concept that these enzymes occur in organized systems within the cell. In this newer view, the cytoplasm is organized and the “soluble enzymes” are in fact fixed in the cellular space and the only soluble components of the cell are small metabolites, inorganic ions etc. Further support for the concept of metabolic organization is provided by the evidence of metabolic channeling. It has been shown that for some metabolic pathways, the intermediates are not in free diffusion equilibrium with the bulk liquid in the cell but are passed along, more or less directly, from one enzyme to the next.

MODIFICATION OF DIRECT POTENTIOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINING SODIUM IONS IN TECHNOLOGICAL AND WASTE SOLUTIONS OF HYDROMETALLURGICAL PRODUCTION

Mendeleev ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Aronbaev ◽  
Sitora Zhuraeva ◽  
Aminjon Umarov ◽  
Alexander Kim ◽  
Dmitry Aronbaev
Keyword(s):  
Potentiometric Method ◽  
Sodium Ions

IONIC EFFECTS ON THE UPTAKE OF CHLOROMERCURIBENZENE-p-SULPHONIC ACID BY PANCREATIC ISLETS

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Söderberg ◽  
Inge-Bert Täljedal
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Sulphydryl Groups ◽  
Microdissected Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Ionic Effects

ABSTRACT Effects of inorganic ions on the uptake of chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid (CMBS) were studied in microdissected pancreatic islets of non-inbred ob/ob-mice. Na2SO4 stimulated the total islet cell uptake of CMBS but decreased the amount of CMBS remaining in islets after brief washing with L-cysteine. CaCl2 stimulated both the total and the cysteine-non-displaceable uptake; the stimulatory effect of CaCl2 on the cysteine-non-displaceable CMBS uptake was counteracted by Na2SO4. NaCl, KCl or choline chloride had no significant effect on the total islet cell uptake of CMBS, whereas LiCl was stimulatory. It is concluded that β-cells resemble erythrocytes in having a permeation path for CMBS that is inhibited by SO42−. By analogy with existing models of the erythrocyte membrane, it is suggested that the SO42−-sensitive path leads to sulphydryl groups controlling monovalent cationic permeability in β-cells.

Controlled Injection of Holes into ALQ3 Based Oleds by Means of An Oxidized Transport Layer

2001 ◽  
Vol 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew K. Mathai ◽  
Keith A. Higginson ◽  
Bing R. Hsieh ◽  
Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Injection ◽  
Carrier Injection ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Hole Transporting ◽  
Intrinsic Degradation ◽  
Variable Conductivity

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report a method for tuning the extent of hole injection into the active light emitting tris- (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) layer in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). This is made possible by modifying the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode with an oxidized transport layer (OTL) comprising a hole transporting polycarbonate of N,N'-bis(3-hydroxymethyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl) benzidine and diethylene glycol (PC-TPB-DEG) doped with varying concentrations of antimonium hexafluoride salt of N,N,N',N'-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4'-biphenyldiamine (TMTPD+ SbF6-). The conductivity of the OTL can be changed over three orders of magnitude depending on salt loading. The analysis of hole and electron current variations in these devices indicates that optimizing the conductivity of the OTL enables the modulation of hole injection into the Alq3 layer. The bipolar charge transport properties for OLEDs in which the interfacial carrier injection barriers have been minimized, are governed by the conductivities of the respective layers and in this case it is shown that the variable conductivity of the OTL does allow for better control of the same. Accordingly, varying the concentration of holes in the device indicates that beyond an optimum concentration of holes, further hole injection results in the formation of light quenching cationic species and the initiation of oxidative degradation processes in the Alq3 layer, thus accelerating the intrinsic degradation of these devices. The variable conductivity of the OTL can hence be used to minimize the occurrence of these processes.

Growth and Salt Excretion via the Salt Glands of Rhodes Grass in the Soil Damaged by the Tsunami

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Oi ◽  
Masaki Sasagawa ◽  
Mitsutaka Taniguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Salt Glands ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Salt Excretion
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document