Studies on the marsupial glider, Schoinobates volans (Kerr) I. Reproduction

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
RFC Smith
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Second Year

Field data were obtained during the period September 1962-January 1965 from 710 greater gliders, S. volans, in a natural population. Histological changes were observed in the reproductive tracts of another 129 animals shot during this period. S. volans has a short breeding season in March, April, and May, after which involution of the reproductive organs occurs in both sexes. The species is monovular and polyoestrous. Sexual maturity is attained by both sexes in the second year, following which breeding probably occurs annually. The female reproductive system shows several primitive and anomalous features, among which is the retention of the Wolffian ducts in the adult. The histology of ovaries, uteri, and vaginae at various stages of the reproductive cycle is briefly described.

Reproduction in Sminthopsis-Macroura (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) .2. The Male

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Androgen Levels

The breeding season of S. macroura extends from June to February, and individual males (both wild- caught and laboratory-reared) are capable of breeding over extended periods during the breeding season, and for up to three seasons, in the laboratory. Gross and histological changes in the reproductive organs and endocrine changes in relation to reproductive activity have been investigated. Males do not appear to reach sexual maturity until the season following that in which they were born, although spermatorrhoea may commence in the season of birth. Testis and epididymis weight of these males, which commence spermatorrhoea late in the season, approximates that of sexually mature males early in the season but androgen levels and the weight of the accessory glands are low in all males except during the early months of the season. The age at which spermatorrhoea commences ranges from 141 to 350 days. The minimum scrota1 width at which it commences is 7.9 mm and the minimum body weight, 14.0 g. The onset of spermatorrhoea is not a function of age or season and in S. macroura should be used with caution as an indicator of impending sexual maturity. Maximum corticosteroid- binding capacity (MCBC) generally exceeded corticosteroid concentration and no androgen-related fall in MCBC was evident.

Glyphosate effects on the female reproductive systems: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Kaboli Kafshgiri ◽  
Tahereh Farkhondeh ◽  
Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
English Language ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Histological Changes

Abstract Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are organophosphate pesticides, which interrupt the chemicals involved in the endocrine system and cause lifelong disorders in women's reproductive system. The current study was designed to systematically evaluate the association between GBH exposure and the female reproductive tract. According to PRISMA Guidelines, the systematic review was performed, searching online databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, throughout April 2020. Studies with Rodent, lamb, and fish or exposed to GBH to affect the female reproductive system were selected. All studies were in the English language. Two investigators independently assessed the articles. The first author's name, publication date, animal model, age, sample size, gender, dose, duration, and route of exposure and outcomes were extracted from each publication. The present review summarizes 14 publications on uterus alterations and oocytes, histological changes ovary, and assessed mRNA expression, protein expression, serum levels progesterone, and estrogen and intracellular Reaction Oxygen Species (ROS) in rodents, fish, and lamb exposed to GHB exposure. Most of the studies reported histological changes in ovarian and uterus tissue, alterations in serum levels, and increased oxidative stress level following exposure to GBH. Additionally, due to alterations in the reproductive systems (e.g., histomorphological changes, reduction of the mature follicles, higher atretic follicles, and interstitial fibrosis), it seems the GBH-induced female these alterations are both dose- and time-dependent. The present findings support an association between GBH exposure and female reproductive system diseases. However, more studies are needed to identify the mechanisms disrupting the effects of GBH and their underlying mechanisms. Considering the current literature, it is recommended that further investigations be focused on the possible effects of various pesticides on the human reproductive system.

The reproductive cycle of the firetail gudgeon, Hypseleotris galii II. Seasonal histological changes in the testes

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Meiotic Division ◽  
Steroid Biosynthesis ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Late Autumn

Seasonal histological changes in the testis of H.galii are described. Spermatogenesis follows the cystic pattern common in anamniotes. Mitotic increase in spermatogonia occurs in late autumn, when photoperiod and water temperature are falling. The meiotic division of spermatocytes and subsequent changes of spermatogenesis are initiated when photoperiod and water temperature are rising and continue through the breeding season (November-January) until March, when water temperature begins to fall rapidly. The possible role of cholesterol-positive lobule boundary cells in steroid biosynthesis is discussed.

scholarly journals Impaired Regulation of Gonadotropins Leads to the Atrophy of the Female Reproductive System in klotho-Deficient Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryusuke Toyama ◽  
Toshihiko Fujimori ◽  
Yoko Nabeshima ◽  
Yoshiko Itoh ◽  
Yoshihito Tsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Deficient Mice

klotho-Deficient mice exhibit a syndrome resembling human premature ageing, with multiple pathological phenotypes in tissues including reproductive organs. It was proposed that Klotho might possess the hormonal effects on many organs. In this study, the female reproductive system of klotho mice was examined to reveal the mechanism that brought the female sterility by histological and molecular approaches. We observed cessation of ovarian follicular maturation at the preantral stage and the presence of numerous atretic ovarian follicles and atrophic uteri. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that LH receptor and aromatase P450 were not expressed in the ovaries. These results suggest the impairment of gonadal development during the antral transition process. We next addressed the responsible organs for the failure of antral transition. Transplantation of klotho ovaries to wild-type mice resulted in the ability to bear offspring. Administration of FSH or GnRH induced advanced maturation of ovaries and uteri in klotho mice. These results indicate that the female reproductive organs in klotho mice are potentially functional and that klotho gene deficiency leads to the atrophy of reproductive organs via impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Absence of the estrus cycle and constant low trends of both FSH and LH levels were found in female klotho mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the production of both FSH and LH were decreased in pituitary gland. Taken together, our findings suggest the involvement of klotho in the regulatory control of pituitary hormones.

Morphology of the female reproductive system and reproductive cycle of the mangrove land crabUcides cordatus(L.) in the Baía de Antonina, Paraná, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela G. Castilho-Westphal ◽  
Antonio Ostrensky ◽  
Marcio R. Pie ◽  
Walter A. Boeger
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Female Reproductive System

scholarly journals Emerging roles of APLN and APELA in the physiology and pathology of the female reproductive system

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10245
Author(s):  
Xueying Wang ◽  
Xiaofei Liu ◽  
Zifan Song ◽  
Xin Shen ◽  
Siying Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
Common Receptor ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Intracellular Cascades

APLN, APELA and their common receptor APLNR (composing the apelinergic axis) have been described in various species with extensive body distribution and multiple physiological functions. Recent studies have witnessed emerging intracellular cascades triggered by APLN and APELA which play crucial roles in female reproductive organs, including hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, ovary, oviduct, uterus and placenta. However, a comprehensive summary of APLN and APELA roles in physiology and pathology of female reproductive system has not been reported to date. In this review, we aim to concentrate on the general characteristics of APLN and APELA, as well as their specific physiological roles in female reproductive system. Meanwhile, the pathological contexts of apelinergic axis dysregulation in the obstetrics and gynecology are also summarized here, suggesting its potential prospect as a diagnostic biomarker and/or therapeutic intervention in the polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian cancer, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Reproductive biology of the Sword Snake Tomodon dorsatus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) in South Brazil: comparisons within the tribe Tachymenini

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-459
Author(s):  
Luiza Loebens ◽  
Selma Maria Almeida-Santos ◽  
Sonia Zanini Cechin
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Caudal Vertebra ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
South Brazil

Abstract We described the reproductive cycle, size-fecundity relationships, reproductive effort, and sexual maturity of Tomodon dorsatus in South Brazil. We examined 87 individuals (25 males and 62 females) from herpetological collections. The description of the reproductive cycle was based on the morpho-anatomical and histological changes in male testes, ductus deferens, and kidney and in female ovary and oviduct. The age at the onset of sexual maturity was estimated by skeletochronology of the caudal vertebra. The reproduction is seasonal semi-synchronous with most of the individuals showing a reproductive peak in the spring. Males and females have developed sperm storage strategies, increasing the reproductive success. Males store sperm in the ductus deferens during the autumn and winter, while females storage takes place in the utero-vaginal junction furrows during the autumn and early winter. Larger females produce a higher number of larger follicles and eggs. Females invest more in growth before reaching sexual maturity than males. Females reach sexual maturity earlier (4 years old) than males (5 years old) and have larger bodies but lower longevity. Reproductive strategies of Tachymenini specie are highly conserved.

The reproductive cycle of the firetail gudgeon, Hypseleotris galii I. Seasonal histological changes in the ovary

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Steroid Biosynthesis ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Fish Oocytes

Seasonal histological changes in the ovary of H. galii are described. Oogenesis occurs in January and February, at the end of the breeding season. Evidence suggests that oogenesis continues in senile (post-reproductive) fish. Oocytes in the primary growth phase grow throughout the winter months. Vitellogenesis commences in August, and fish mature by November. During the breeding season (November-January) females ovulate and spawn repeatedly. Mature oocytes remaining after the breeding season become atretic. The fate of follicular derivatives and their possible role in steroid biosynthesis is discussed.

scholarly journals The Development of Heligmosomum muris Yokogawa, a Nematode from the Intestine of the Wild Rat

Parasitology ◽  
1922 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadamu Yokogawa
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Seminal Receptacle ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Third

1. Heligtnosomum muris proved to be very favourable material for the study of nematode development, since it will develop perfectly normally in culture rats, infection is easily carried out and since sexual maturity is reached in 7–10 days after infection.2. The post-embryonal development of H. muris is divided into five stages, two free and three parasitic, with three moults. There is only one moult during free life, the second and third stages being separated by change of habitat brought about by entrance into the host. Sexual maturity is attained soon after the completion of the third moult. The mature worm has two cuticular layers, the outer of which is separated by a space from the inner. This outer cuticula is probably the beginning of a fourth moult which is never completed.3. Under favourable conditions the eggs hatch in about 20 to 24 hours after being passed with the faeces.4. The first two stages of post-embryonal development, which are passed in free life, are separated by a relatively long moult during which the larva changes from the rhabditiform type to the filariform type. During this period there is a rapid division of the cells lining the intestine, which frees masses of these cells into the lumen and leaves the intestine of the filariform larva lined with flattened cells.5. The infective stage is not enclosed in a sheath and tends to work its way out of the culture onto the glass or along the edges of the filter paper. At this stage it is impossible to distinguish the sexes.6. Infection of the rat can be accomplished both by way of the mouth or through the skin although the latter method is by far the most effective. The larvae reach the lungs about 14 to 20 hours after penetration through the skin. They remain in the lungs until about 35 to 65 hours after infection. The majority of them reach the intestine 50 to 65 hours after infection, although in a few they were found as early as 45 hours.7. In the lungs the larvae increase rapidly in size and moult just before they migrate to the intestine. Early in the development in the lungs the sexes can be distinguished by: (1) the migration toward the posterior end of the genital primordium of the female, (2) structural differences in the caudal region, and (3) differences in shape of the genital primordium.8. After reaching the intestine the larvae grow rapidly and enter into the third moult from 96 to 108 hours after infection. In the fourth larval stage between the second and third moults growth and differentiation are most marked. It is during this stage that the differentiation of the organs of the reproductive system occurs.9. Shortly after the completion of the third moult sexual maturity is reached and later the cuticula separates into two layers.10. During the course of development the changes in size and shape and in the character of the cuticula were traced step by step and the differentiation of the digestive and excretory systems were followed as completely as the material would permit. However it was in following the details of the development of the reproductive organs that the investigation was most fully carried out.11. In the male reproductive system the testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, cement gland and ejaculatory duct arise by differentiations of the genital primordium and are therefore called internal sex-organs, while the bursa and the spicules which are not developed from the genital primordium are known as the external sex-organs.12. Toward the end of the third larval stage (first parasitic stage) the genital primordium of the male becomes separated into two parts by an extremely delicate strand of tissue. The anterior half of this genital primordium grows forward up to the oesophageal region and forms the testes, the narrow strand connecting the two parts develops into the vas deferens, and the posterior part grows backward to the posterior end, becomes tubular and forms the seminal vesicle, cement gland and ejaculatory duct.13. The bursa is formed from the walls of the posterior end of the male which become very much inflated, and the spicules develop from secretions of a group of spindle-shaped cells which are early differentiated in the posterior region.14. In the development of the female reproductive system the ovary, oviduct, seminal receptacle, uterus and the anterior part of the ovijector arise from the differentiation of the genital primordium and are therefore called internal sex-organs, while the vulva, vagina and posterior part of the ovijector arise from invagination and differentiation of subcuticular cells of the posterior end and are therefore called external reproductive organs.15. After the genital primordium has migrated backward to a position on the ventral side just in front of the anus, it elongates very greatly and grows forward. The anterior part remains as a solid mass of cells and differentiates into the ovary. The rest of the primordium becomes tubular and differentiates into the oviduct, seminal receptacle, uterus and ovijector.16. A group of cells just in front of the rectum and just over the posterior part of the genital primordium increases in number, invaginates, becomes differentiated into a tube which joins with the posterior part of the genital primordium. This tube differentiates into the vulva and vagina. Where it joins the posterior end of the internal reproductive organs there is an overlapping so that the posterior end of the ovijector has a double origin.

scholarly journals Chromosome behaviour in the male ferret and mole during anoestrus

1936 ◽  
Vol 121 (822) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Chromosome Behaviour ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Cytological Changes

The breeding season of many Mammals is restricted to a relatively short period of the year. In such species usually both sexes exhibit a more or less well-defined seasonal variation in their reproductive organs. Several investigators have found that these variations in the male consist chiefly of alteration in the size of the testes and epididymis, accompanied by marked histological and cytological changes leading to a complete absence of sperms during the quiescent or anoestrous period. The cyclic histological changes in the testes and in the accessory organs have been described in detail in the ferret ( Putorius furo, L .) by Allanson (1932), and in the mole ( Talpa europea, L .) by Tandler and Grosz (1912) and Allanson ( unpublished ). It was found in both genera that during the breeding season spermatogenesis is complete and very active in the rapidly growing testis, but after that period the reproductive organs return to a quiescent state and sperms are entirely absent.

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