Influence of temperature and relative humidity on water loss in the workers of the meat ant, Iridomyrmex detectus (Smith) (Dolichoderinae: hymenopter).

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJC Nel
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Adequate Supply ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
Cold Spring

Water loss in the workers of the dolichoderine ant Iridomyrmex detectus (Smith) was studied in South Australia. A quantitative evaluation of the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the transpiration of ants collected during winter and spring is given. Workers collected during winter and on cold spring days transpired more than ants collected on hot days. This phenomenon could be explained in terms of abrasion of the cuticle and the behaviour of the workers. The workers lost water relatively quickly and they would probably not have survived the dry summer without an adequate supply of honey dew from sap-sucking insects.

The Influence of Temperature and Moisture on the Uptake and Loss of Water in the Eggs of Gryllulus Commodus Walker (Orthoptera--Gryllidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
T. O. BROWNING
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Maximum Water Content

1. Eggs placed on moist plaster took up water slowly at first and then more rapidly until they had reached their maximum water content. The duration of the initial period of slow water uptake was dependent upon temperature, becoming shorter as the temperature was raised. Similarly the duration of the period of rapid water uptake decreased with temperature. 2. No special water-absorbing structure was identified in the eggs of Gryllulus. 3. The rate of water loss from newly laid eggs was more rapid at higher than at lower temperatures under conditions of constant atmospheric saturation deficiency. 4. Newly laid eggs died if they lost more than about 20% of their original weight. 5. At 90% relative humidity, eggs which had completed water uptake lost water at a higher rate at high than at lower temperatures. The rate of water loss was also dependent on the stage of development of the embryo. 6. Eggs that had completed diapause development at 13° C. and had completed water uptake were able to lose about 30% of their weight through desiccation without being killed, but many of those that lost more than about 20% of their weight failed to develop when replaced on moist plaster; it seemed as if they had entered a state resembling diapause.

The ecology of Oncopera Fasciculata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) in South Australia. 3. The influence of temperature and moisture on speed of development and survival rate of the Larvae.

1956 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Madge
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Active Feeding ◽  
Unfavourable Weather

In South Australia the underground grass caterpillar, Oncopera fasciculata (Walker), is found only in the higher rainfall area in the south-eastern portion of the State. It appears that the distribution and numbers of this pest of improved pastures are mainly restricted by unfavourable weather (dry and hot) during the egg and early larval stages (late spring-early summer). These stages, as well as older larvae established in subterranean burrows, stand a better chance to survive the dryness and heat where the surface of the ground is covered with dense herbage. Unfed, first-instar larvae are much more susceptible to loss of water than are the eggs. Larvae remain virtually dormant during the summer, but from about April onwards they grow rapidly. The resumption of active feeding and growth is associated with the first substantial autumn rains. During autumn, when the rainfall may be intermittent, the larvae feed more actively during wet periods and become relatively inactive again during dry periods. The relative humidity of the air at the base of a subterranean burrow where the larvae lives was usually above 95 per cent., even when the relative humidity of the air just above the mouth of the burrow was as low as 65 per cent. No measurements were taken during the height of the summer, when the burrows may have been drier than this.

The effect of temperature on high-resolution TEM image contrast

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
T. Geipel ◽  
W. Mader ◽  
P. Pirouz
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Waller Factor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Debye Waller Factor ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Atomic Form Factor

Temperature affects both elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons in a crystal. The Debye-Waller factor, B, describes the influence of temperature on the elastic scattering of electrons, whereas the imaginary part of the (complex) atomic form factor, fc = fr + ifi, describes the influence of temperature on the inelastic scattering of electrons (i.e. absorption). In HRTEM simulations, two possible ways to include absorption are: (i) an approximate method in which absorption is described by a phenomenological constant, μ, i.e. fi; - μfr, with the real part of the atomic form factor, fr, obtained from Hartree-Fock calculations, (ii) a more accurate method in which the absorptive components, fi of the atomic form factor are explicitly calculated. In this contribution, the inclusion of both the Debye-Waller factor and absorption on HRTEM images of a (Oll)-oriented GaAs crystal are presented (using the EMS software.Fig. 1 shows the the amplitudes and phases of the dominant 111 beams as a function of the specimen thickness, t, for the cases when μ = 0 (i.e. no absorption, solid line) and μ = 0.1 (with absorption, dashed line).

Research on dynamic characteristics of gear system considering the influence of temperature on material performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 107754632110026
Author(s):  
Zhou Sun ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Xuan Tao ◽  
Zehua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Gear System ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Meshing Stiffness ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Under high-speed and heavy-load conditions, the influence of temperature on the gear system is extremely important. Basically, the current work on the effect of temperature mostly considers the flash temperature or the overall temperature field to cause expansion at the meshing point and then affects nonlinear factors such as time-varying meshing stiffness, which lead to the deterioration of the dynamic transmission. This work considers the effect of temperature on the material’s elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio and relates the temperature to the time-varying meshing stiffness. The effects of temperature on the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio are expressed as functions and brought into the improved energy method stiffness calculation formula. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the gear system are analyzed. With the bifurcation diagram, phase, Poincaré, and fast Fourier transform plots of the gear system, the influence of temperature on the nonlinear dynamics of the gear system is discussed. The numerical analysis results show that as the temperature increases, the dynamic response of the system in the middle-speed region gradually changes from periodic motion to chaos.

Flow Behaviors of High Acyl Gellan Aqueous Solutions as Affected by Temperature, and Calcium and Gellan Concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Huang ◽  
Pawan Singh Takhar ◽  
Juming Tang ◽  
Barry G Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Rheological Behaviors ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Rheological behaviors of high acyl (HA) gellan are not well understood partially because of its relatively late commercialization compared to low acyl gellan. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature (5-30 °C), calcium (0, 1 and 10 mM) and gellan concentrations (0.0044-0.1000% w/v) on the flow behaviors of high acyl gellan aqueous solutions using rheological tests. Gellan solutions with 0 or 1 mM added Ca++ exhibited shear thinning behavior at gellan concentrations above 0.0125%. The influence of temperature on apparent viscosity (shear rate, 100 s-1) of gellan solutions can be described with an Arrhenius relationship. The apparent viscosity of gellan solution at low concentrations was more sensitive to temperature changes. The addition of Ca++ led to a decrease in flow resistance for a dilute gellan solution (<0.0125%), but an increased resistance for a relatively concentrated gellan solution (>0.0125%).

Influence of temperature and relative humidity on early bond strengths to dentine

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Burrow ◽  
Y. Taniguchi ◽  
T. Nikaido ◽  
M. Satoh ◽  
N. Inai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Bond Strengths

EFFECT OF PRE-FREEZING HAMS ON QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF DRY-CURED PRODUCT

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Graham ◽  
T. N. Blumer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Internal Tissue ◽  
Surface Ph ◽  
Aging Period ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Fresh State

Hams were frozen, stored, and thawed before dry-curing to study the profiles of quality as related to environmental conditions. Quality appraisals and sampling were done after thawing, after curing, and after 30 days aging in an atmosphere where temperature and relative humidity were controlled at about 34.5 C and 62.5%, respectively. The pH, water, NaCl, and fat contents were determined. Surface pH of hams increased from the thawed fresh state to the unstored cured state, but decreased generally after the aging period (stored cured ham). The pH was higher on the surface than that of corresponding internal areas. The pH of the internal tissue was lower for thawed product than cured or aged product. The average percent water decreased during curing and aging periods. Water loss after curing and after aging in the prefrozen hams was greater than that reported for unfrozen hams. The quantity of water, NaCl, and fat varied among the several muscle areas and reasons for variation are discussed. All hams were of acceptable quality at each appraisal period. Decreasing moisture levels of hams were reflected by decreases in conformation scores throughout the processing periods. Increased firmness was accompanied by weight loss, moisture loss, and increased NaCl percentage.

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