The distribution of the eggs of Mammalian Lice on their hosts. 2. Analysis of the Oviposition behaviour of Damalinia ovis (L)

1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Murray
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Depressant Effect ◽  
Temperature Zone ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Physical Features

The behaviour pattern of Damalinia ovis (L.) is adapted to the physical features of the environment in which the louse lives. In stage 1, the louse was attracted to temperatures between 35 and 40�C and this temperature zone was necessary for oviposition to proceed satisfactorily. Optimum temperature conditions were between 37 and 39�C. In stage 2, the louse orientated itself so that its head was directed towards the warm end of a temperature gradient or towards the saturated end of a humidity gradient, but when these gradients were antagonistic the orientation to temperature dominated. At the commencement of stage 3, the louse reversed its orientation to both temperature and humidity gradients but again the attraction to temperature was dominant. Before egg laying commenced, a fibre of suitable diameter had to be caught by a gonopod and held next to the abdomen. The resulting tactile stimulus was critical and its absence inhibited oviposition. Other factors which influenced oviposition were the depressant effect of high humidities, the orientation to light, and the attraction to other ovipositing lice and eggs.

NOTES ON MATING, OVIPOSITION, ADULT LONGEVITY, AND INCUBATION PERIOD OF EGGS OF THE LARCH CASEBEARER, COLEOPHORA LARICELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE), IN THE LABORATORY

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Quednau
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Coleophora Laricella ◽  
Average Longevity

AbstractMating in Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) took place 1 or 2 days after emergence and was stimulated by decreasing light intensity ranging from 3000 ft-c to 200 ft-c within 2 hours. The female is pro-ovigenic, with peak opposition during the first week. Optimum temperature for egg laying was 70 to 80°F; the average number of eggs deposited was about 66; average longevity of female adults was about 10 days at room temperature, but considerably longer at lower temperatures. A few eggs were laid at 50° and 95°F. Incubation period of the eggs was 12 days at 80° to 85°F and 40 days at 55°F. Hatching of eggs did not occur above 85°F or below 55 °F.

The distribution of the eggs of Mammalian Lice on their hosts. 1. Description of the Oviposition behaviour.

1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Murray
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Variable Period ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Abdominal Movement

The behaviour patterns of Damalinia ovis (L.), Linognathus stenopsis (Burm.), and Haematopinus eurysternus (Nitz.) were found to be similar and readily divisible into three stages. In the first stage the louse sought the warm end of a temperature gradient. There it entered upon the second stage in which it remained stationary for a variable period with its head pointed towards the warm end. In D. ovis there was marked abdominal movement. The third stage lasted only 3 or 4 min and culminated in the deposition of the egg. In this stage the louse suddenly turned about and attached the egg to the fibre, sometimes backing into the warmer end first. This resulted in eggs being aligned similarly with the end of attachment nearest to the warm end of the temperature gradient. It is suggested that the behaviour patterns of these lice are adapted to common physical characteristics of the environments in which they live, notably the presence of a temperature gradient.

scholarly journals Role of Host and Temperature on the Feeding and Oviposition Behaviour of Red Pumpkin Beetle Aulacophora foveicollis (Lucas)

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
MM Kamal ◽  
MM Uddin ◽  
M Shajahan ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Aulacophora Foveicollis

The research was carried out in the field and laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during December, 2011 to October, 2012 on the effect of host and temperature on oviposition and food consumption of red pumpkin beetle (RPB), Aulacophora foveicollis (Lucas). Three cucurbitaceous vegetables viz. sweet gourd (BARI Misti Kumra-1, BARI Misti Kumra-2 and Local Misti Kumra), bitter gourd (BARI Karola-1, Taj Karola-88 and Local Karola) and bottle gourd (BARI Lau-3, BARI Lau -4 and Local Lau) were selected to conduct this research. Host plants had the clear role on the feeding of red pumpkin beetle. Due to feeding of A. foveicollis, the highest percentage of weight loss of leaf was recorded from sweet gourd among the selected cucurbits while Local Misti Kumra was found the most preferred host by beetle considering their feeding efficacy compared to other varieties. Results also showed that temperature had a profound effect on the oviposition and food consumption by A. foveicollis while 30oC was the optimum temperature both for oviposition and food consumption for all selected cucurbits and their varieties.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19099 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 53 - 60, 2013

NEURONAL FEEDBACK IN EGG-LAYING BEHAVIOUR OF THE POND SNAIL LYMNAEA STAGNALIS

1993 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Ferguson ◽  
A. W. Pieneman ◽  
R. F. Jansen ◽  
A. Ter Maat
Keyword(s):  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Aplysia Californica ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Egg Laying Behaviour

The egg-laying behaviour of gastropod molluscs is controlled by peptidergic neuroendocrine cells and has provided an important experimental system for behavioural neurobiology. The genes that code for multiple peptides have been sequenced and the peptides themselves have been identified, thus enabling us to investigate how they act on the nervous system to produce the overt behavioural pattern (reviewed by Geraerts et al. 1988). The two animals that have been studied most extensively are the opisthobranch Aplysia californica and the pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis. In both cases, the peptidergic neurones controlling egg laying are normally electrically silent (both in vivo and in vitro; Kupfermann, 1967; Pinsker and Dudek, 1977; Kits, 1980; Ter Maat et al. 1986) and produce multiple peptides (Rothman et al. 1983; Geraerts et al. 1985; Sigvardt et al. 1986), which are cleaved from a common protein precursor (Scheller et al. 1983; Vreugdenhil et al. 1988). Before egg laying, the cells produce a long-lasting discharge of action potentials (Pinsker and Dudek, 1977; Ter Maat et al. 1986). This electrical discharge initiates egg-laying behaviour, and during it the peptides (one of which initiates ovulation) are released into the blood. The demonstration, in Aplysia californica, that these peptides could have various effects on the activity of central neurones (reviewed by Mayeri and Rothman, 1985) led to the hypothesis that egg-laying behaviour is a neuroendocrine fixed action pattern controlled and coordinated by the concerted actions of the released peptides (Scheller and Axel, 1984). This hypothesis is also thought to apply to Lymnaea stagnalis (Vreugdenhil et al. 1988) because of the structural similarities between precursors of Aplysia californica and Lymnaea stagnalis egg-laying hormones. In this paper we investigate how the sequence of the various components of the egg-laying behaviour pattern is achieved.

The distribution of the eggs of Damalinia equi (Denny) and Haematopinus asini (L) on the Horse.

1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Murray
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
The Face ◽  
Do So

The eggs of Damalinia equi (Denny) and Haematopinus asini (L.) are attached to the hairs close to the skin with the end of attachment nearest to the skin. The oviposition behaviour of D. equi is similar to that of D. ovis (L.). The only observable differences are that the gonopods are not used at the time of egg laying and the fibre is grasped by the claspers. Temperatures between 32 and 38�C are required for the maximum number of lice in a population to oviposit. Skin temperature can determine the lateral distribution of the eggs in the natural environment. A fibre of suitable diameter is also necessary. D. equi cannot attach its eggs to the coarse hairs of the face, mane, tail, and legs whereas H. asini is able to do so. As the coarse hairs of the mane, tail, and legs are not shed with the fine hairs of the coat at the beginning of summer and winter the shedding of the coat effects a more severe reduction of the population of D. equi than of H. asini.

A Low Temperature-Gradient Bar for Seed Germination Studies

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Evans ◽  
James A. Young ◽  
Robert Henkel ◽  
Gerard J. Klomp
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Petri Dishes

A relatively inexpensive, cold-temperature germination bar was constructed. The optimum temperature gradient of the bar for our low-temperature seed germination studies ranged from −4 to 11 C. An independent compressor and a chest-type deep freeze were compared for cooling sources. Alumnium foil Petri dishes were developed for use on the bar.

scholarly journals Testing for congruence between the oviposition behaviour of leaf-mining insects and the degree of phylogenetic relatedness among either mining species or hosts species: a case study within the mining moth genus Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 004-009
Author(s):  
Jean Béguinot
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Leaf Mining ◽  
The Family ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
Respective Host

In leaf-mining insects, the oviposition behaviour is especially critical for the welfare of the future brood, the latter being usually doomed to develop entirely within the host-leaf selected for egg-laying by the ovipositing females. As, moreover, oviposition behaviour in leaf miners depends upon the taxonomic identities of both the mining-insect and the host, one can thus speculate that the patterns of oviposition behaviour of different leaf-mining species could be more or less congruent with either the degree of phylogenetic relatedness of the leaf-mining species themselves or the degree of phylogenetic relatedness of their respective host-species. Here, I test successively these two hypotheses – the “miners phylogenetic relatedness” hypothesis and the “hosts phylogenetic relatedness” hypothesis – by addressing a system insect-plant involving four mining moth species (all four belonging to the genus Phyllonorycter) and the three corresponding host-tree species, all included within the family Betulaceae. It turns out that, for this system at least, neither of the two previous hypotheses is actually supported. Possible reasons for this double rejection are discussed accordingly.

Oviposition Behaviour of the Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion americanus banksianae Roh., as Indicated by an Analysis of Egg Clusters

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Ghent
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Indirect Information ◽  
Larval Group

This study was undertaken as part of a broader investigation of the behaviour of the jack-pine sawfly, Neodiprion americanus banksianae Roh. The greater part of the investigation was directed towards an understanding of larval group-feeding behaviour, but in order to clarify the situation in which this insect begins larval life, large numbers of egg clusters were analysed with special attention paid to the positional relations of egg-bearing needles. Such analysis has permitted certain inferences on the oviposition behaviour of this insect and this indirect information is of value in view of the difficulties experienced in efforts to induce this species to oviposit under laboratory conditions for direct observation. Fortunately, egg clusters obtained from the field are well adapted to descriptive measurement and analysis, for in order to lay its full complement of eggs the adult female sawfly must select as many as 20 to 30 needles, thus leaving behind it a readily measured record of its egg-laying behaviour.

scholarly journals Host acceptance and oviposition behaviour of solitary wasp, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae), A parasitoid of stored grain pests

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
KN Ahmed ◽  
CK Roy ◽  
JL Munshi ◽  
EA Zenat ◽  
SK Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Anisopteromalus Calandrae ◽  
Wheat Kernels

The host acceptance and oviposition behaviour of the ectoparasitoid, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) was observed on unexposed (hidden) and exposed host of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) under laboratory conditions. The egg-laying behaviour was accomplished in eight phases in hidden hosts of S. oryzae i.e., inside wheat kernels but it was much shorter having five steps in those of exposed hosts. Average total time taken by a mated A. calandrae in unexposed host (inside wheat kernels) during different oviposition sequences was 55 minutes. On the other hand, average total time taken by a mated A. calandrae in exposed host of S. oryzae during oviposition sequences was 91.1 minutes. A. calandrae preferred fully developed S.oryzae grubs rather than half- grown pre-pupae and early pupae in exposed condition. Generally, eggs were laid on or near S. oryzae host larvae or pupae inside wheat kernel because of ectoparasitic nature of A. calandrae. More eggs are deposited in case of S. oryzae hosts at the abdominal region dorsally, sometimes eggs were laid on the meta-thoracic segment dorsally but rarely eggs were laid on late S. oryzae pupae prior to adult transformation. Oviposition by a mated A. calandrae female parasitoid was influenced by the host’s size and shape on exposed as well as unexposed (within seed kernel) conditions. Generally, the 3rd and the 4th instar larvae and pre-pupae of S. oryzae were preferred for egglaying in exposed condition. The parasite did not lay eggs on naked R. dominica larvae or pupae. Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 205-216, 2018

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