Studies on the non-parasitic stages of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (AcarinaL Ixodidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
LF Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Regular Alternation

Laboratory studies of the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the non-parasitic stages of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), are described. The pre-oviposition period ranged from 19-39 days at 59-60�F to 2-3 days at 97�F. The duration of oviposition was uninfluenced by relative humidity but varied from a maximum of 44 days at 59�F to a minimum of 4 days at 102�F. The minima at each temperature were exceedingly irregular, due to the deaths of ticks. The number of eggs laid by a female tick was uninfluenced by relative humidity. The peak oviposition mean of 2496 eggs per female occurred at 75�F, fewer eggs being laid at higher and lower temperatures. Daily egg output attained a maximum of 197 at 92�F, but was uninfluenced by relative humidity. The water loss of engorged female ticks was greatly affected by inert dusts and even dusting with a sample of soil chosen at random produced a significant increase in water loss. Developmental period was uninfluenced by order of deposition, but percentage hatch of eggs laid during the last few days of oviposition is lower. Eggs did not hatch at constant relative humidities lower than 70 per cent., but some were able to survive relative humidities lower than this if exposed periodically to a saturated atmosphere. The period of development of eggs varied from a maximum of 146 days at 62�F to a minimum of 14 days at 97�F. Maximum hatch occurred between 85 and 95�F, and at relative humidities above 95 per cent. Exposure of eggs to temperatures below the developmental zero prolonged the period of development merely by the period of exposure. Regular alternation of temperature between the limiting temperatures of 59 and 97�F with a steady rise or fall between the extremes resulted in development at a rate approximately equal to that obtained at constant temperature of 78�F, the arithmetic mean of the above figures. Larval longevity was influenced markedly by temperature and humidity. A maximum of 240 days was recorded at 72�F and 90 per cent. relative humidity. Larvae are able to recoup water losses sustained at low relative humidity by absorption from the atmosphere during subsequent periods of high relative humidity.

Labelling larvae of the cattle-tick Boophilus microplus, with 32P to follow their movements on the host

Parasitology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Kemp ◽  
D. Koudstall ◽  
J. D. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Drinking Solution

SUMMARYAfter 24 h desiccation at 28–29 °C and approximately 50 % relative humidity about 70 % of B. microplus larvae drank sufficient solution containing 1·5 mCi of 32P per ml for their movements on the host to be followed with a portable G-M counter. Reduced viability of the labelled ticks could not be detected when they were kept for 24 h on the host and either allowed to feed or prevented from doing so. When feeding was continued for 72 h or when larvae were incubated for 3–4 weeks, adverse effects were found, the severity of which could not be directly related to the amount of 32P label. Desiccation, handling of larvae and exposure to radiation in the drinking solution may have contributed to their reduced viability.Since resistance to the tick is manifest within the first 24 h after infestation labelled larvae could be used to compare development on different hosts during this time. Even after feeding for 72 h, larvae were more adversely affected by host resistance than by labelling damage.We would like to thank Mr C. A. Schuntner for helpful advice and Mrs J.Galligan for technical assistance. The financial support of the Australian Meat Research Committee is gratefully acknowledged. Messrs D. Hancox and S. R.Henderson assisted with some of the experiments.

The effects of temperature and relative humidity on the thermoregulatory responses of grouped and isolated neonate chicks

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Misson
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

SUMMARYMeasurements of O2 consumption (Vo2), CO2 production (VCO2) evaporative water loss and rectal temperature (Tr) have been made and metabolic heat production (H), evaporative heat loss (—E) and respiratory quotient (RQ) calculated with individual and groups of 1-day-old chicks at constant ambient temperatures (To) in the range 20—43 °C and 80 or 20% relative humidity (R.H.).Minimal metabolism (10·7 kJ/kgJ/h) occurred at 35 °C.One-day-old chicks act as heterotherms outside the zone of minimal metabolism since neither H nor —E are sufficiently developed mechanisms to maintain homeothermy.Huddling allows chicks to maintain a higher TT at a lower H per unit metabolic body size.Reducing E.H. from 80 to 20% raised the upper temperature survival limit (UTSL) from 41·5 to 43 °C.Panting was initiated when Ta = 38 °C and Tr was between 39·5 and 39·9 °C.

scholarly journals 921 PB 464 EFFECTS OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON THE QUALITY OF EIGHT SQUASH VARIETIES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 566b-566
Author(s):  
Erik B. G. Feibert ◽  
Clint C Shock
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Percent Relative Humidity ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Winter Squash

Eight winter squash varieties (Table Ace Acorn, Sweet Dumpling, Waltham Butternut, Honey Boat, Sugar Loaf, Spaghetti, Gold Keeper, and Kabocha) were placed in storage 3 weeks after harvested and were stored for 6, 12, or 16 weeks at 5, 10, or 15°C and 50, 60, or 70 percent relative humidity. Before storage Spaghetti squash had low dry weight and low sugars while Kabocha, Sugar Loaf, and Honey Boat had high dry weight and high sugars. Squash of all varieties suffered high spoilage when stored at 5°C. Water losses increased with temperature or with storage at 50 percent relative humidity. Considering both spoilage and water loss, marketable fruit was highest when squash was stored at 10°C or 15°C and 60 or 70 percent relative humidity. Squash sugars were maintained with storage at 5°C and 10%. Squash can be stored for several months at 10°C and 60 to 70 percent relative humidity with little fruit loss or loss of sugar.

Effects of temperature, relative humidity, and mode of breathing on canine airway secretions

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Man ◽  
G. K. Adams ◽  
D. F. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Mouth Breathing ◽  
Cl Transport ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Airway secretions were collected from the upper trachea of eight healthy nosebreathing mongrel dogs under general anesthesia, and the electrolytes and osmolality of these secretions were determined. Compared to plasma, secretions contained 15% higher Na+ and 33% higher Cl-, were 18% higher in osmolality, but had a lower Na+/Cl- throughout the 6-h experiments. When six nose-breathing dogs were exposed to air at 28.5 degrees C and 95% relative humidity, secretion osmolality became lower, but Na+/Cl- remained unchanged. In four other dogs, secretions approached the osmolality of plasma when inspired air was at 36.4 degrees C and 100% relative humidity. These secretions contained 22% higher Cl- and a lower Na+/Cl- than plasma. The differences between airway secretions and interstitial fluid suggest that secretions are formed by active Cl- transport. In another four dogs, secretion osmolality was higher with mouth breathing than breathing through the nose. Inasmuch as humidified and warmed air lowered and mouth breathing raised the osmolality of airway secretions, we postulate that the hyperosmolality of secretions results from water loss from the airway surface during conditioning of inspired air.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water loss in transit and surface runoff in a Brazilian semi-arid basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cristian Epifanio Toledo ◽  
João Carlos Mohn Nogueira ◽  
Alexandre De Amorim Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Reservoir Basin ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Semi Arid

The objective of this work was to propose and evaluate a model to estimate transit water losses and surface runoff in a Brazilian semi-arid basin, fundamental components in the hydrological studies of the region, such as in the verification of hydrological connectivity. The study area was the Orós Reservoir Basin, located in the state of Ceará. The modeling of transit water loss and surface runoff were developed based on the work of Araújo and Ribeiro (1996) and Peter et al. (2014). In the proposed model, the parameter of loss in transit (k) was estimated at 0.027 km-1 for a section of the river basin, and when simulated for other stretches it provided good flow results at the end of the stretch, obtaining an NSE of 82%. The value of the runoff coefficient was estimated at 3% and when evaluating a spatial variation of this coefficient in the basin, the values varied from 2% to 12%, and the use of specialized runoff coefficient (RC) values promoted a higher NSE in the discharge simulation in the basin. It is concluded that the proposed model to estimate transit water losses and surface runoff demonstrated a high efficiency in the simulation of hydrological processes. The basin of Orós reservoir presented a high variability of the coefficient of surface runoff, justifying the need for a greater spatiality of this coefficient in heterogeneous environments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document