Evidence of male-biased dispersal in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. Coghlan ◽  
Jennifer M. Seddon ◽  
Emily C. Best ◽  
Vicki A. Thomson ◽  
Anne W. Goldizen
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Female Philopatry ◽  
Control Region Sequences ◽  
Microsatellite Alleles ◽  
Mtdna Haplotype

Dispersal reduces the likelihood of inbreeding and maintains gene flow among populations. Many polygynous mammals exhibit male-biased dispersal with female philopatry. Previous observational studies of eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) suggested female philopatry while genetic studies showed weak structuring. We tested for sex-biased dispersal using two Queensland populations of kangaroos: one in Sundown National Park and the second at Elanda Point, Australia. Samples from 25 females and 23 males were collected from Sundown National Park, and analysed for partial mtDNA control region sequences (n = 47) and genotypes based on 12 microsatellite loci (n = 41). Samples from 18 males and 22 females from Elanda Point were genotyped at 8 loci and a subset sequenced for mtDNA (n = 19). Analyses showed higher mtDNA haplotype and nucleotide diversity in males than females within both populations, genetic relatedness based on microsatellite data was significantly higher among females, and microsatellite allelic richness was higher in males, suggesting that females are more likely to be philopatric and males more likely to disperse. These findings reinforce the value of including multiple types of genetic markers in dispersal analyses as mtDNA results showed higher male diversity (suggesting male dispersal) but males also contributed microsatellite alleles to the local population, masking differentiation between the sexes and confounding analyses.

scholarly journals NATIONAL PARK “VERKHOVYNSKYI”: THE NATURAL AND HISTORIC VALUES CULTURED

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
V. Getman
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Main Representative

The basis for preserving ecological balance and rational use of natural landscapes is the formation of a system of protected areas and objects. In the Ukrainian Carpathians, on the large areas naturally develop radical forests (virgin forests), the habitats of the bear, wolf, and many rare species of plants are preserved. Thus, the natural ecosystems of the Ukrainian Carpathians in the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine are the most represented. The consequence of increasingly global anthropogenic influence became a global phenomenon of fragmentation (decomposition) of the natural landscapes. One of relatively preserved natural variety is the areas of the national park “Verkhovynskyi”. The National Park “Verkhovynskyi” is a very important centre of the natural and cultural diversity of Ukraine. The main representative of the flora in the region is spruce common. Shrubberies on the territory of the Chyvchyn Mountains are represented by thickets of mountain pine. The biological value of the territory of the NP “Verkhovynskyi” is largely determined by the uniqueness of the high-altitude spruce forests. In the park, the animal world is rich and varied. Its biological uniqueness of its territory is largely determined by local landscape diversity. The landscape structure of the park area is the result of long-term interaction of the main landscape-factor factors: geological-geomorphological, hydro-climatic and biotic. The leading role belongs to the geological and geomorphological properties of the territory, which determine the climatic characteristics, the regime of humidification, distribution of biota and soil cover. The dominant position in the structure of landscapes is the high-altitude terrain of the steep-sloping erosion-denudation forest middle mountains. In contact with the Peneplainized highlands, the area has an island distribution in the form of mid-mountain spurs of the main ridge. Characteristic are tracts of convex crests of spurs, saddles and steep slopes. The historical and cultural value of the NP “Verkhovynskyi” district is based on the rich events of the history of the region. The territory of Verkhovyna district is the heart of Hutsulshchyna, and its centre is the village Verkhovyna. The successful operation of the NP “Verkhovynskyi” will be a major impetus for the tourist development of the Verkhovyna district. The orientation of the national natural park for the development of recreational activities will increase the number of tourists, will create additional demand for accommodation and food services that will be provided by the local population. Development of the tourism infrastructure of the park will give an impetus to the restoration and full functioning of the former and the creation of new settlements. Particular attention should be paid to laying the network of roads and tourist routes and their improvement. The scientific value of the territory of the NP “Verkhovynskyi” is high, which lies in the unique ability to study local natural ecosystems that are very close to natural or reference. The article analyzes in detail the natural peculiarity of the national park, and, to the extent possible volume of the article – unusually rich landscape and recreational resources (in particular, humanistic, historical, cultural, etc.) of its territory.

scholarly journals Quantifying the prevalence of assortative mating in a human population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Maintenance Of Sex ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor the first time, empirical evidence allowed to construct the frequency distribution of a genetic relatedness index between the parents of about half a million individuals living in the UK. The results suggest that over 30% of the population is the product of parents mating assortatively. The rest is probably the offspring of parents matching the genetic composition of their partners randomly. High degrees of genetic relatedness between parents, i.e. extreme inbreeding, was rare. This result shows that assortative mating is likely to be highly prevalent in human populations. Thus, assuming only random mating among humans, as widely done in ecology and population genetic studies, is not an appropriate approximation to reality. The existence of assortative mating has to be accounted for. The results suggest the conclusion that both, assortative and random mating, are evolutionary stable strategies. This improved insight allows to better understand complex evolutionary phenomena, such as the emergence and maintenance of sex, the speed of adaptation, runaway adaptation, maintenance of cooperation, and many others in human and animal populations.

Assessment of the Social Impacts of Community Based Tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-302
Author(s):  
Robin Boustead ◽  
Sushma Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We set out to assess the social impacts of tourism in a Community Based Tourism (CBT) destination by asking the following questions; (1) from a community and individual perspective, what are the major issues faced in a CBT destination?, and (2) is there any pattern to, or similarity between, quality of life and liveable environment impacts in a CBT destination? The Sagarmatha (Mt Everest) National Park in Nepal is used for the study area and where tourism is clearly an important contributor to the local economy. Despite high levels of resident and visitor satisfaction with tourism, survey results indicate that the major issues faced by communities and individuals in the Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone (SNPBZ) are related to uncontrolled tourism development. This is most evident in a lack of relevant skills and training, increasing time burden to cater for tourists, frustrations felt by residents during peak season, the impact of inbound migration, lack of community control and most importantly, the impact of waste and water pollution. Management of the SNPBZ is based on a multi-stakeholder system that includes local population participation, but it does not seem to be working very well. Our survey indicates that uncontrolled growth of tourism businesses is placing increasing pressures on traditional cultures and the environment, thus creating negative impacts on quality of live and liveable environment for residents. Without an effective management system that enhances the ability of communities and Park management to control the impact of tourism, the situation is very likely to worsen in the future.

Möglichkeiten und Probleme von Waldbewirtschaftung und Aufforstung in der Feuchtwaldzone der Côte d’Ivoire

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Peter Mund ◽  
Martin Doevenspeck
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Village Level ◽  
Humid Forest Zone

AbstractChances and problems of forest management and afforestation in the humid forest zone of the Ivory Coast: Far-reaching changes in the forestry legislation since 1994 force the timber companies in the Ivory Coast to carry out afforestation measures for and with the local population in their concession areas. By the example of one of the first pilot projects the authors analyse the execution of reforestation at a village level. From the view of pedology they discuss the restrictions of possible afforestation measures in the adjacent areas of a national park

scholarly journals Unusual pattern of single nucleotide polymorphism at the exuperantia2 locus of Drosophila pseudoobscura

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOOJIN YI ◽  
BRIAN CHARLESWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Haplotype Group ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Distinct Haplotype ◽  
Dna Sequence Variation ◽  
Replacement Site ◽  
Drosophila Persimilis

We have investigated the pattern of DNA sequence variation at the exuperantia2 locus in Drosophila pseudoobscura. This adds to the increasing dataset of genetic variation in D. pseudoobscura, a useful model species for evolutionary genetic studies. The level of silent site nucleotide diversity and the divergence from an outgroup Drosophila miranda are comparable with those for other X-linked loci. One peculiar pattern at the exu2 locus of D. pseudoobscura is a complete linkage disequilibrium between two SNPs, one of which is a replacement site. As a result, there are two distinct haplotype groups in our dataset. Based upon the comparisons with the outgroup sequences from D. miranda and Drosophila persimilis, we show that the newly derived haplotype group has lower diversity than the ancestral haplotype group. The pattern of protein evolution at exu2 shows some deviation from the neutral model. Together, these and other characteristics of the exu2 locus suggest the action of selection on the pattern of SNP variation, consistent with a partial selective sweep associated with the newly derived haplotype.

Nucleotide diversity of a ND5 fragment confirms that population expansion is the most suitable explanation for the mtDNA haplotype polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura

Genetica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 819-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Castro ◽  
Eladio Barrio ◽  
Ana González ◽  
Antònia Picornell ◽  
Maria Misericòrdia Ramon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Suitable Explanation ◽  
Mtdna Haplotype

scholarly journals Development of microsatellite markers for the genetic analysis of Magnaporthe grisea

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Brondani ◽  
Rosana Pereira Vianello Brondani ◽  
Lucas da Ressurreição Garrido ◽  
Márcio Elias Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Dna Library ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Genomic Dna Library ◽  
Microsatellite Alleles

An AG microsatellite-enriched genomic DNA library was constructed for Magnaporthe grisea (anamorph Pyricularia grisea), the causal agent of rice blast. Seventy-two DNA clones containing microsatellite repeats were isolated and sequenced in order to develop a series of new PCR-based molecular markers to be used in genetic studies of the fungus. Twenty-four of these clones were selected to design primer pairs for the PCR amplification of microsatellite alleles. Single spore cultures of M. grisea isolated from rice and wheat in Brazil, Colombia and China were genotyped at three microsatellite loci. Isolates from southern Brazil were predominantly monomorphic at the tested SSR loci, indicating a low level of genetic variability in these samples. However, seven alleles were observed at the MGM-1 locus in isolates from Central Brazil and at least nine alleles were detected at the same locus in a sample of Colombian isolates. Polymorphism analysis at SSR loci is a simple and direct approach for estimating the genetic diversity of M. grisea isolates and a powerful tool for studying M. grisea genetics.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Varied Coat Coloration in a Yellow-Throated Marten (Martes flavigula) Population

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2838
Author(s):  
Yinan Gong ◽  
Guojing Zhao ◽  
Huixin Yang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Mengyu Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
National Park ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Environmental Indicator ◽  
In The Wild

Mammalian coat color is determined by heritable variations such as disease, nutrition, and hormone levels. Variation in animal coat color is also considered an environmental indicator and provides clues for the study of population genetics and biogeography. Records of abnormal coloration in the wild are rare, not only because it is often selected against, but also because of the difficulties in detection of the phenomenon. We used long-term camera-trapping data to first report abnormal coat coloration in yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) in China. Six types of abnormal coloration were found only in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, Northeast China, which were not reported in other regions in China. A total of 268 videos of Martes flavigula contained normal coloration, 455 videos of individuals of the species contained abnormal coloration, 437 contained the ‘gloving’ type (martens with de-pigmented front toes, paws or lower forelimbs), while the remaining other 18 videos contained five types (different degrees of white-spotting and dilution). The higher relative abundance index (0.428, ‘gloving’ to 0.329, normal) and wide distribution area of the ‘gloving’ type indicated that this abnormal coat coloration type is usual in Northeast China, which may reflect genetic variability in the local population. These records will contribute to further research on animal coat color and its corresponding adaptive strategy.

scholarly journals Retrospective Determination of the Parental Population of Superior Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedlings and Association of Microsatellite Alleles with Productivity

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Schnell ◽  
C.T. Olano ◽  
J.S. Brown ◽  
A.W. Meerow ◽  
C. Cervantes-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Parental Population ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Unbiased Gene ◽  
Microsatellite Alleles ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Commercial production of cacao in Hawaii is increasing, and this trend is expected to continue over the next several years. The increased acreages are being planted with seedlings from introduced and uncharacterized cacao populations from at least three initial introductions of cacao into the islands. Productive seedlings have been selected from a planting at Waialua, Oahu. The parents of these selections were believed to be the population at the Hawaii Agriculture Research Center (HARC) at Kunia; however, potential parental populations also exist at Univ. of Hawaii research stations at Waimanalo and Malama Ki. Using microsatellite markers, we analyzed the potential parental populations to identify the parents and determine the genetic background for 99 productive and 50 unproductive seedlings from the Waialua site. Based on 19 polymorphic microsatellite loci the parental population was identified as trees from Waimanalo and not trees from Malama Ki or Kunia. The Kunia and Malama Ki populations were very similar with low allelic diversity (A = 1.92) and low unbiased gene diversity (Hnb) of 0.311 and 0.329, respectively, and were determined to be Trinitario in type. The Waimanalo, productive seedling, and unproductive seedling populations had much higher levels of genetic diversity with Hnb of 0.699, 0.686, and 0.686, respectively, and were determined to be upper Amazon Forastero hybridized with Trinitario in type. An additional 46 microsatellite markers were amplified and analyzed in the Waimanalo parents, productive, and unproductive seedlings for a total of 65 loci. Seventeen loci contained alleles that were significantly associated with productive seedlings as determined by Armitage's trend test. Of these, 13 loci (76.4%) co-located with previously reported quantitative trait loci for productivity traits. These markers may prove useful for marker assisted selection and demonstrate the potential of association genetic studies in perennial tree crops such as cacao.

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