Characterisation of microsatellite markers for fig-pollinating wasps in the Pleistodontes imperialis species complex

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Sutton ◽  
Caroline Reuter ◽  
Markus Riegler ◽  
James M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fig Wasps ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Port Jackson ◽  
Sydney Australia

We characterised a set of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci for Pleistodontes imperialis sp. 1, the pollinator wasp of Port Jackson fig (Ficus rubiginosa) in south-eastern Australia. Characterisation was performed on 30 female individuals collected from a population in Sydney, Australia. The average number of alleles per locus was 7.33, and eight loci were not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. This was expected as fig wasps are known to be highly inbred. A test of genetic differentiation between two natural populations of P. imperialis sp. 1 (Sydney and Newcastle, Australia – some 120 km apart) yielded a very low FST value of 0.012, suggesting considerable gene flow. Bayesian clustering analysis using TESS 2.3.1, which does not assume Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, however, indicated potential spatial substructuring between the Sydney and Newcastle populations, as well as within the Sydney population. The described loci were also characterised for two other species in the P. imperialis complex: P. imperialis sp. 2 (Townsville, Australia) and P. imperialis sp. 4 (Brisbane, Australia). Seven and six of the nine loci were polymorphic for P. imperialis sp. 2 and P. imperialis sp. 4, respectively.

Isolation and characterisation of 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci for bight redfish, Centroberyx gerrardi (Actinopterygii : Berycidae), and cross-amplification in two other Centroberyx species

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Andrea Bertram ◽  
P. Joana Dias ◽  
Sherralee Lukehurst ◽  
W. Jason Kennington ◽  
David Fairclough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Cross Amplification ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Population Genetic Analyses ◽  
Upper Slope

Bight redfish, Centroberyx gerrardi, is a demersal teleost endemic to continental shelf and upper slope waters of southern Australia. Throughout most of its range, C. gerrardi is targeted by a number of separately managed commercial and recreational fisheries across several jurisdictions. However, it is currently unknown whether stock assessments and management for this shared resource are being conducted at appropriate spatial scales, thereby requiring knowledge of population structure and connectivity. To investigate population structure and connectivity, we developed 16 new polymorphic microsatellite markers using 454 shotgun sequencing. Two to 15 alleles per locus were detected. There was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci and all loci except one were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Cross-amplification trials in the congeneric C. australis and C. lineatus revealed that 11 and 16 loci are potentially useful, respectively. However, deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci were detected at several of the 16 markers for C. australis, and therefore the number of markers useful for population genetic analyses with C. lineatus is likely considerably lower than 11.

scholarly journals O equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg no sistema sanguíneo ABO: um estudo de caso em Engenheiro Coelho – SP

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e16
Author(s):  
Vinícius Freitas de Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Pianezzer ◽  
Suzete Maria Silva Afonso
Keyword(s):  
Random Mating ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Infinite Population ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
And Migration

The genetics of human populations is the branch of Genetics that studies the dynamics of genes in natural populations, aiming at the elucidation of mechanisms that alter their genetic composition. Among the fundamentals of this science is the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, which determines that gene frequencies remain unchanged and genotypic proportions reach a stable balance, obtaining the same constant relation with each other over time. To demonstrate this principle, it is necessary to admit that the studied population is not subject to evolutionary factors or to those that alter genotypic frequencies, increasing the homozygosity. More specifically, it is necessary to assume that the population obeys the following premises: random mating, infinite population, non-overlapping generations, in addition to the absence of mutation, selection and migration. More than recalling basic concepts of Genetics and Statistics, this article aims to describe the Bernstein Method for verifying the gene equilibrium for blood types. The research is concluded with a case study in the city of Engenheiro Coelho - SP, where the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium for blood types in the population is verified.

scholarly journals Development of 11 Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci from Primula amthystina Franchet. (Primulaceae)

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
Yuan Huang ◽  
Xue-qin Wang ◽  
Chun-yan Yang ◽  
Chun-lin Long
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite

Primula amethystina Franchet. is a beautiful perennial herbaceous plant locally endemic to the alpine area in southwest China. We isolated and characterized 11 polymorphic microsatellite primer pairs from this species. The number of alleles ranged from two to five. The observed and expected heterozygosities (HO and HE) were 0.25 to 0.875 and 0.223 to 0.691, respectively. Six loci were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium as a result of the heterozygote deficiency. These markers will have great potential to reveal the genetic population structure and genetic diversity of P. amethystina.

Characterisation of 14 microsatellite markers for the Australian fig psylloid, Mycopsylla fici

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Fromont ◽  
Markus Riegler ◽  
James M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Moreton Bay ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Two Populations

The Australian fig psylloid, Mycopsylla fici, is a sap-feeding insect herbivore that is host-specific to the Moreton Bay fig, Ficus macrophylla. It has periodic major outbreaks that can cause complete defoliation of individual trees and massive decrease in local leaf and fruit availability, with significant effects for many insect and vertebrate species that utilise the tree’s resources. We used ⅛ of an Illumina MiSeq run to sequence genomic DNA from two pools of five psylloids from two different field sites. We identified 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci and characterised them in 43 individuals from two populations (Sydney and Lord Howe Island, Australia). Within populations, the number of alleles ranged from 4 to 15 per locus with observed heterozygosity of 0–0.9. Four loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The microsatellite primers will be useful for the study of population genetics and gene flow within and between psylloid populations.

Genetic characterization of novel polymorphic microsatellite markers for Epilobium nankotaizanense (Onagraceae), an endemic and threatened herb in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Tseng ◽  
Chi-Chun Huang ◽  
Chih-Chiang Wang ◽  
Chiuan-Yu Li ◽  
Kuo-Hsiang Hung
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
The Family ◽  
Conservation Genetic ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite

Abstract Epilobium belongs to the family Onagraceae, which consists of approximately 200 species distributed worldwide, and some species have been used as medicinal plants. Epilobium nankotaizanense is an endemic and endangered herb that grows in the high mountains in Taiwan at an elevation of more than 3300 m. Alpine herbs are severely threatened by climate change, which leads to a reduction in their habitats and population sizes. However, only a few studies have addressed genetic diversity and population genetics. In the present study, we developed a new set of microsatellite markers for E. nankotaizanense using high-throughput genome sequencing data. Twenty polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed and tested on 30 individuals collected from three natural populations. These loci were successfully amplified, and polymorphisms were observed in E. nankotaizanense. The number of alleles per locus (A) ranged from 2.000 to 3.000, and the observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.929 and from 0.034 to 0.631, respectively. The developed polymorphic microsatellite markers will be useful in future conservation genetic studies of E. nankotaizanense as well as for developing an effective conservation strategy for this species and facilitating germplasm collections and sustainable utilization of other Epilobium species.

Wolbachia and Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in the CaliforniaCulex pipiensMosquito Species Complex: Parameter Estimates and Infection Dynamics in Natural Populations

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 2029-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L Rasgon ◽  
Thomas W Scott
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Vector Borne

AbstractBefore maternally inherited bacterial symbionts like Wolbachia, which cause cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI; reduced hatch rate) when infected males mate with uninfected females, can be used in a program to control vector-borne diseases it is essential to understand their dynamics of infection in natural arthropod vector populations. Our study had four goals: (1) quantify the number of Wolbachia strains circulating in the California Culex pipiens species complex, (2) investigate Wolbachia infection frequencies and distribution in natural California populations, (3) estimate the parameters that govern Wolbachia spread among Cx. pipiens under laboratory and field conditions, and (4) use these values to estimate equilibrium levels and compare predicted infection prevalence levels to those observed in nature. Strain-specific PCR, wsp gene sequencing, and crossing experiments indicated that a single Wolbachia strain infects Californian Cx. pipiens. Infection frequency was near or at fixation in all populations sampled for 2 years along a >1000-km north-south transect. The combined statewide infection frequency was 99.4%. Incompatible crosses were 100% sterile under laboratory and field conditions. Sterility decreased negligibly with male age in the laboratory. Infection had no significant effect on female fecundity under laboratory or field conditions. Vertical transmission was >99% in the laboratory and ∼98.6% in the field. Using field data, models predicted that Wolbachia will spread to fixation if infection exceeds an unstable equilibrium point above 1.4%. Our estimates accurately predicted infection frequencies in natural populations. If certain technical hurdles can be overcome, our data indicate that Wolbachia can invade vector populations as part of an applied transgenic strategy for vector-borne disease reduction.

Significance of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in Case Control

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Hemant Kumar Bid ◽  
Rama D. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Case Control ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

Freshwater Cyanobacteria of North-Eastern Australia: 2. Chroococcales

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLENN B. MCGREGOR
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

This volume provides the first detailed account of the Chroococcales of north-eastern Australia. It provides keys, morphological and ecological data for 6 families, 33 genera and 112 species, and photomicrographs and original illustrations to enable the identification of natural populations based on stable and recognizable characters observable with the aid of light microscopy. Distributional data are based on extensive surveys at 270 sites representing the major freshwater habitats including rivers and streams, palustrine and lacustrine wetlands, thermal springs, and man-made reservoirs in Queensland and the Northern Territory as well as a review of the Australian phycological literature. 

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