Genetic differentiation and introgression amongst Thylogale (pademelons) taxa in eastern Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. B. Eldridge ◽  
K. Heckenberg ◽  
L. E. Neaves ◽  
C. J. Metcalfe ◽  
S. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
Phylogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Mtdna Markers

Although pademelons (Thylogale) are widespread and common in coastal eastern Australia, they have been largely neglected in population genetic studies. Here we use 10 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (Cytb) gene to examine genetic differentiation amongst populations of the red-necked (Thylogale thetis) and red-legged (T. stigmatica) pademelon in eastern Australia. Evidence of hybridisation was detected between subspecies of T. stigmatica in central Queensland. Specimens sampled between Eungella and Sarina were found to represent a broad (~90 km) zone of introgression, for both nuclear and mtDNA markers, between T. s. stigmatica (Wet Tropics) and T. s. wilcoxi (south-east Queensland). In addition, individuals sampled from around Proserpine were genetically T. s. stigmatica rather than T. s. wilcoxi, as had previously been assumed. This observation raises some intriguing questions about the dispersal ability of T. stigmatica and the phylogeographic history of moist forest taxa in eastern Australia. Only limited evidence of introgression was detected between sympatric populations of T. thetis and T. s. wilcoxi in south-east Queensland.

The Geography of Speciation and Character Displacement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Cadotte ◽  
T. Jonathan Davies
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Ecological Character ◽  
Ecological Character Displacement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

This chapter examines how phylogenetic approaches can address both ecological character displacement and community-wide character displacement. In ecological character displacement, selection might drive the divergence of ecological phenotypes by negative antagonistic interactions that reduce competition between sympatric populations utilizing the same resource base. In community-wide character displacement, ecological divergence occurs in allopatry, and competition filters species into communities based upon their trait values. The geographic distribution of a species reflects multiple factors, including its strength of phylogenetic niche conservatism and the geography of present day climate, its dispersal ability, and the history of speciation. This chapter considers the effect of competition in the native range, focusing on a scenario in which the evolution of species traits may itself be a product of species interactions. It shows that phylogenetic methods can additionally provide insights into how species interactions might shape trait evolution and even illuminate the process of speciation itself.

scholarly journals Cross-Species Applicability of Microsatellite Markers for Investigation of Sea Ducks (Mergini) Genetic Differentiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Aniolas Sruoga ◽  
Sigita Slavėnaitė ◽  
Dalius Butkauskas ◽  
Gediminas Gražulevičius
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sea Ducks ◽  
Duck Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intraspecies Variability ◽  
Sea Duck ◽  
Clangula Hyemalis

Cross-Species Applicability of Microsatellite Markers for Investigation of Sea Ducks (Mergini) Genetic Differentiation Genetic studies of waterfowl have provided insufficient information on the evolutionary history of the sea duck tribe (Mergini, Anseriformes), as highly variable molecular markers have not been identified. Cross-species applicability of microsatellites has been shown for several bird families. Therefore, the objective of our work was to examine whether specific primers used previously for Anatidae, Phasianidae and Laridae taxons could amplify microsatellite loci of sea duck species: Long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis), Goosander (Mergus merganser) and Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca). Tissue samples were collected and DNA was extracted by rapid salt extraction method. Amplification of DNA fragments was carried out using specific microsatellite primers of APH21, Aalmu1, Sfimu4, Sfimu5 (Anatidae), ADL209, ADL115 (Phasianidae) and K71, RGB28 (Laridae). Four primer pairs (APH21, Aalmu1, K71, and nSfimu4) were suitable for investigation of interspecies genetic variability among Long-tailed duck and Velvet Scoter. Intraspecies specificity has been detected for primer pair ADL 209 in all three duck species. The primer pair APH21 was selected as most promising for investigation of intraspecies variability of Long-tailed duck and Velvet Scoter.

Phylogeographic history of Japanese macaques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Ito ◽  
Takashi Hayakawa ◽  
Nami Suzuki–Hashido ◽  
Yuzuru Hamada ◽  
Yosuke Kurihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Macaques ◽  
Phylogeographic History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The phylogeographic history of tomato mosaic virus in Eurasia

Virology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Yuting Xu ◽  
Shuling Zhang ◽  
Jianguo Shen ◽  
Zujian Wu ◽  
Zhenguo Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Phylogeographic History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Dispersal and Differentiation of Deep-Sea Mussels of the GenusBathymodiolus(Mytilidae, Bathymodiolinae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Kyuno ◽  
Mifue Shintaku ◽  
Yuko Fujita ◽  
Hiroto Matsumoto ◽  
Motoo Utsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Evolutionary Transition ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
High Gene

We sequenced the mitochondrial ND4 gene to elucidate the evolutionary processes ofBathymodiolusmussels and mytilid relatives. Mussels of the subfamily Bathymodiolinae from vents and seeps belonged to 3 groups and mytilid relatives from sunken wood and whale carcasses assumed the outgroup positions to bathymodioline mussels. Shallow water mytilid mussels were positioned more distantly relative to the vent/seep mussels, indicating an evolutionary transition from shallow to deep sea via sunken wood and whale carcasses.Bathymodiolus platifronsis distributed in the seeps and vents, which are approximately 1500 km away. There was no significant genetic differentiation between the populations. There existed high gene flow betweenB. septemdierumandB. breviorand low but not negligible gene flow betweenB. marisindicusandB. septemdierumorB. brevior, although their habitats are 5000–10 000 km away. These indicate a high adaptability to the abyssal environments and a high dispersal ability ofBathymodiolusmussels.

History of Headache Research in Denmark

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 748-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Tfelt-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Headache Clinic ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Acute Headache ◽  
First Time

Headache research in Denmark started with the description in 1949 by Dalsgaard-Nielsen of the percutaneous nitroglycerin test. In 1976 Jes Olesen started The Copenhagen Acute Headache Clinic and from that time modern headache research began in Denmark. Specific changes in regional cerebral blood flow during attacks of migraine with aura, spreading oligaemia, were described for the first time in 1980. The first headache classification with operational diagnostic criteria was published in 1988 and used in a Danish population study from 1989. The lifetime prevalence of migraine was 8% in men and 25% in women. An intravenous nitroglycerin test was introduced in 1989 and has been developed as an experimental headache model. In 1993 it was suggested by Jes Olesen et al. that NO supersensitivity could be a possible molecular mechanism of migraine pain. Recent genetic studies have supported the distinction between migraine with aura and migraine without aura. From the middle of the 1980s the pathophysiology of tension-type headache has been investigated and recent results indicate central sensitization in patients with chronic tension-type headache.

Distribution and life history of caridean shrimps in regulated lowland rivers in southern Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Richardson ◽  
J. E. Growns ◽  
R. A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Lowland Rivers ◽  
Flow Alteration ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paratya Australiensis ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Shrimp Abundance ◽  
Large Adult

Caridean shrimps are an integral component of lowland river ecosystems in south-eastern Australia, but their distributions may be affected by flow alteration. Monthly shrimp samples were collected from slackwaters in three hydrologically distinct sections of the heavily regulated Campaspe River and the less regulated Broken River for three consecutive years. The distributions of Paratya australiensis, Caridina mccullochi and Macrobrachium australiense, along with their life history in river sections with different hydrology are outlined. Paratya australiensis and M. australiense occurred in all sections, but C. mccullochi was absent from sections of the Campaspe River that received irrigation flows during summer/autumn. Shrimp larvae were most abundant in summer (December–February) and juvenile recruitment continued through to mid autumn (April). Breeding and recruitment of P. australiensis occurred for longer than other shrimps. Apart from large adult and berried M. australiense, all life stages of shrimps commonly occurred in slackwaters, particularly the larval and juvenile stages. Irrigation flows in summer/autumn probably adversely affect the size, extent and arrangement of slackwaters, at a time when they may be critical habitats for C. mccullochi larval development and recruitment. Dams and weirs in the Campaspe River may have influenced shrimp abundance and the timing of breeding.

scholarly journals Evolutionary history and genetic connectivity across highly fragmented populations of an endangered daisy

Heredity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael S. Rodger ◽  
Alexandra Pavlova ◽  
Steve Sinclair ◽  
Melinda Pickup ◽  
Paul Sunnucks
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Common Component ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Eastern Australia

AbstractConservation management can be aided by knowledge of genetic diversity and evolutionary history, so that ecological and evolutionary processes can be preserved. The Button Wrinklewort daisy (Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides) was a common component of grassy ecosystems in south-eastern Australia. It is now endangered due to extensive habitat loss and the impacts of livestock grazing, and is currently restricted to a few small populations in two regions >500 km apart, one in Victoria, the other in the Australian Capital Territory and nearby New South Wales (ACT/NSW). Using a genome-wide SNP dataset, we assessed patterns of genetic structure and genetic differentiation of 12 natural diploid populations. We estimated intrapopulation genetic diversity to scope sources for genetic management. Bayesian clustering and principal coordinate analyses showed strong population genetic differentiation between the two regions, and substantial substructure within ACT/NSW. A coalescent tree-building approach implemented in SNAPP indicated evolutionary divergence between the two distant regions. Among the populations screened, the last two known remaining Victorian populations had the highest genetic diversity, despite having among the lowest recent census sizes. A maximum likelihood population tree method implemented in TreeMix suggested little or no recent gene flow except potentially between very close neighbours. Populations that were more genetically distinctive had lower genetic diversity, suggesting that drift in isolation is likely driving population differentiation though loss of diversity, hence re-establishing gene flow among them is desirable. These results provide background knowledge for evidence-based conservation and support genetic rescue within and between regions to elevate genetic diversity and alleviate inbreeding.

Regeneration methods for dipterocarp forests of wet tropical Asia

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wet Tropics

Dipterocarp forests of the Asian wet tropics have a long history of silvicultural research. This paper provides a review of this history and a summary of the ecological principles guiding the regeneration methods used. Dipterocarp forests are here defined as those of the seasonally wet regions of Thailand, Burma, and India, and those that are considered of the mixed dipterocarp forest type that dominate the aseasonal wet regions of Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and parts of Indonesia and the Philippines. Two silvicultural regeneration methods are described, shelterwoods and their variants, and selection systems. Both systems can be justified but emphasis is given to the development of shelterwood and selection regeneration methods that are tailored to the particular biological and social context at hand. The paper concludes with a call for improved land-use planning and stand typing to better integrate service and protection values with those values focused on commodity production. Key words: Dipterocarpus, hill forest, non-timber forest products, polycyclic, regeneration, selection, shelterwood, Shorea

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