Regeneration methods for dipterocarp forests of wet tropical Asia

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wet Tropics

Dipterocarp forests of the Asian wet tropics have a long history of silvicultural research. This paper provides a review of this history and a summary of the ecological principles guiding the regeneration methods used. Dipterocarp forests are here defined as those of the seasonally wet regions of Thailand, Burma, and India, and those that are considered of the mixed dipterocarp forest type that dominate the aseasonal wet regions of Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and parts of Indonesia and the Philippines. Two silvicultural regeneration methods are described, shelterwoods and their variants, and selection systems. Both systems can be justified but emphasis is given to the development of shelterwood and selection regeneration methods that are tailored to the particular biological and social context at hand. The paper concludes with a call for improved land-use planning and stand typing to better integrate service and protection values with those values focused on commodity production. Key words: Dipterocarpus, hill forest, non-timber forest products, polycyclic, regeneration, selection, shelterwood, Shorea

scholarly journals Resource Development and Market Value for Non-wood Forest Products of the Banyang-Mbo Sanctuary of Nguti, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Tem Henry Buh ◽  
Tchatat Kezeta Bili Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Geographic Dispersion ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wildlife Conservation Society

The research begins with a brief history of the Banyang-Mbo Sanctuary (BMS) of Nguti, its demographic and geographic dispersion. Next, we aim to identify and analyze the various non-timber forest products, which range from plants, animals, birds and marine species. With the aid of write-ups from the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Cameroon, the spatial distribution of these products, vis-à-vis their proximity to surrounded villages is presented. Effort is equally made to know the activities of the villages and other environmental factors that affect the growth and existence of these products. Three objectives and three hypotheses were formulated to give direction to the study. Convenient and purposive sampling techniques were used in the study with the help of questionnaires for data gathering. The population of the study comprised 141 households in Nguti vicinity and a sample size of 105 respondents obtained with the use of Yaro Yamen’s formula. The statistical tools used for data analysis were frequency, mean and tables of percentages to organize the data collected. The instrument was validated by three experts and reliability justified by a coefficient. The study recommended that education on the development of non-wood forest resources should be practically oriented and existing markets should be sustained while new ones be sought for the sales of the final products.

scholarly journals Sustainability of the Amazon Nut in Mato Grosso: An Application of the MuSIASEM Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9777
Author(s):  
Thiago Vargas Maldonado ◽  
Francesca Allievi ◽  
Luiz Panhoca
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northwest Region

The Amazon biome occupies 60% of Brazilian territory, configured as a complex metabolism due to its diversity and the history of occupation by humans in the exploitation of its services. The Amazon nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) occurs in the entire Amazon biome, which is essential for its sustainability. The Amazon nut production chain in the northwest of the State of Mato Grosso presents itself as a relevant case of analysis of the extractive activity of non-timber forest products (NTFP). Based on interpretative assumptions, the multi-scale integrated analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism (MuSIASEM) approach is applied to the data collected in a farmers’ cooperative. The objective of this study was to analyze the socio-environmental metabolism of the productive chain of the Amazon nut in the northwest region of the Mato Grosso State (MT) in Brazil. As the MuSIASEM approach can generate an integrated set of indicators measured at different scales and dimensions of analysis, the results show a lack of sustainability in the social dimension, in the environmental dimension, and the presence of intermediaries that serve companies that function as an illegal part of the metabolism. As a next step, the defined method needs testing on different NTFPs and in other micronarratives.

scholarly journals A Natural Colonisation of Asia: Phylogenomic and Biogeographic History of Coin Spiders (Araneae: Nephilidae: Herennia)

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Eva Turk ◽  
Jason E. Bond ◽  
Ren-Chung Cheng ◽  
Klemen Čandek ◽  
Chris A. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Se Asia ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Phylogenetic Data ◽  
Geological Past ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Anchored Hybrid Enrichment ◽  
History Of

Reconstructing biogeographic history is challenging when dispersal biology of studied species is poorly understood, and they have undergone a complex geological past. Here, we reconstruct the origin and subsequent dispersal of coin spiders (Nephilidae: Herennia Thorell), a clade of 14 species inhabiting tropical Asia and Australasia. Specifically, we test whether the all-Asian range of Herennia multipuncta is natural vs. anthropogenic. We combine Anchored Hybrid Enrichment phylogenomic and classical marker phylogenetic data to infer species and population phylogenies. Our biogeographical analyses follow two alternative dispersal models: ballooning vs. walking. Following these assumptions and considering measured distances between geographical areas through temporal intervals, these models infer ancestral areas based on varying dispersal probabilities through geological time. We recover a wide ancestral range of Herennia including Australia, mainland SE Asia and the Philippines. Both models agree that H. multipuncta internal splits are generally too old to be influenced by humans, thereby implying its natural colonisation of Asia, but suggest quite different colonisation routes of H. multipuncta populations. The results of the ballooning model are more parsimonious as they invoke fewer chance dispersals over large distances. We speculate that coin spiders’ ancestor may have lost the ability to balloon, but that H. multipuncta regained it, thereby colonising and maintaining larger areas.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Resin Collection History of Pine Forests in Korea from Tree-Ring Dating

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9118
Author(s):  
En-Bi Choi ◽  
Yo-Jung Kim ◽  
Jun-Hui Park ◽  
Chan-Ryul Park ◽  
Jeong-Wook Seo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Tree Ring Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ring Analysis

Resin is one of the traditional non-timber forest products in the Republic of Korea. In order to investigate the chronological activity of resin collection, the wounds/cuts on red pines (Pinus densiflora) were dated using a tree-ring analysis technique. Additionally, the size of the trees in the resin collection years and the present conditions of the trees were investigated to verify the tree conditions and the size of wounds. Eighty-eight red pines distributed over nine sites in the Republic of Korea were selected to extract increment cores and investigate the wound size. Through the tree-ring analysis, the trees with big wounds (24.7 × 104.7 cm) made via panel hacksaw method were dated in the range 1938–1952, whereas small wounds (40.2 × 20.9 cm) made via the conventional chisel method were dated between 1956 and 1973. Moreover, the red pines thicker than 20.0 cm were the ones that were used for resin collection. Furthermore, the wounds created by the conventional chisel were healed with time, whereas the ones formed via the panel hacksaw method still required long times for healing. The large wounds had the advantage of supplying a large amount of resin, but this was temporary. On the other hand, the smaller wounds formed via the traditional chisel method could generate resin for a longer time and heal faster.

Illegal rattan extraction trends in the Ankasa Conservation Area in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
R. Obour, D. Amankwaa, A. Asare
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
The North ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Protected Areas (PAs) are created for the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, but many of Ghana’s PAs are subjectto severe pressures and threats, the main pressures being the illegal extraction of natural resources. Rattans are indisputablyone of the most important Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Ghana’s Protected Areas that is without doubt one of thereasons for which it has drawn the attention of researchers. In this study the illegal rattan extraction patterns in the AnkasaConservation Area (ACA) in Ghana was inspected. Simple random sampling and Snowball sampling techniques were used. Datacollection employed the use of semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and field enumeration of rattans as well as an analysisof Effective Patrol Man-days (EPMDS) from 2004 to 2012. The results showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.75, p<0.05, r2 = 0.557) between patrol effort and rattan extraction encounters. In addition, there was a general reduction in illegalrattan extraction encounters from 2004 to 2012 at a rate of 4.3 per year. The highest illegal rattan extraction incidences wererecorded in 2006 (76 encounters), 2005 (35 encounters), 2008 (22 encounters), 2004 (18 encounters) and the least incidencewere recorded in both 2010 (3 encounters) and 2011 (3 encounters).The research also revealed that Eremospatha macrocarpawas the most extracted rattan species followed by Laccosperma secundiflorum. The major rattan extraction and trade routesoriginate in the northern parts and in the area east of the reserve and also south of Draw River Forest Reserve. Generally, rattanpoaching in Ankasa Conservation Area has declined, but there are still human incursions in the northern part of the reserve. Thestudy recommended an intensification of patrols in the north of the reserve. Also, enrichment planting and Agroforestry practicesof inter-cropping rattans with seasonal crops should be pursued vigorously for the local communities.

Market Survey of Non-Timber Forest Products in the Sunyani Municipality

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
S.D. Akoto
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Communal Lands ◽  
Forest Lands

This study sought to: (1) identify the types and sources of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) traded; (2) find the frequencyof the NTFPs trade and (3) identify the challenges in NTFPs trading in the Sunyani Municipality. The survey was carried outfrom February, 2014 to April, 2014 mainly at the Sunyani Central and Nana Bosoma Markets in the Sunyani Municipality. Thetarget population comprised NTFPs collectors (gatherers), sellers and consumers. Respondents were purposively sampled. Atotal of 100 respondents were engaged in this study. The NTFPs were grouped into six categories namely; food, medicine,building materials, packaging materials, artefacts and domestic utensils. Key informants’ interviews were also conducted atthe Sunyani Forest Services Division to triangulate the data already gathered. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was usedto analyze the data obtained. The study demonstrated that domestic utensils (37%), food (33%), medicinal products (12%),packaging materials (9%), artefacts (6%) and building materials (3%) were the types of NTFPs traded in the two market centers.The results also showed that majority of the respondents (77%) harvest their NTFPs from forest lands as against 23% whoharvest from communal lands. A significant proportion of the respondents (52%) traded in above 40 kg of NTFPs and only 4%were seen trading in 10 kg of NTFPs. The study further highlighted that food (28%) and domestic utensils (26%) were regularlybrought to the market centers on weekly basis whilst significant proportions of medicinal products (9%), building materials(3%) and artefacts (4%) were brought to the market venues on monthly basis. Cumbersome permit procedure (40%), increasedmarket demand (15%) and financial constraints (20%) were identified as some of the challenges encountered in NTFPs tradingin the Sunyani Municipality. To ensure strict monitoring and sustainability of the resource, there is the need for sensitizationprogramme on the importance of NTFPs in rural livelihood and why their conservation is vital in meeting the needs of thepresent generation whilst not undermining their potential in supplying the needs of future generations.

Courting Migrants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Integrative Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Migration

This book examines state–migrant relations in four countries with a long history of migration, regime change, and democratic fragility: Turkey, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and the Philippines. It uses these cases to develop an integrative theory of the interaction between “diaspora-making” by states and “state-making” by diasporas. Specifically, it tackles three questions: (1) Under what conditions and in what ways do states alter the boundaries of political membership to reach out to migrants and thereby “make” diasporas? (2) How do these migrants respond? (3) To what extent does their response, in turn, transform the state? Through historical case narratives and qualitative comparison, the book traces the feedback loops among migrant profiles, state strategies of diaspora-making, party transnationalization, and channels of migrant engagement in politics back home. The analysis reveals that most migrants follow the pathways established by the state and thereby act as “loyal” diasporas but with important deviations that push states to alter rules and institutions.

Recognized but not supported: Assessing the incorporation of non-timber forest products into Mexican forest policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzitzi Sharhí Delgado ◽  
Michael Keith McCall ◽  
Citlalli López-Binqüist
Keyword(s):  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products
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