A hybrid zone defined by allozymes and ventral colour in Geocrinia rosea (Anura:Myobatrachidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don A. Driscoll ◽  
J. Dale Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Genetic Division

The frog Geocrinia rosea is highly genetically subdivided with a major genetic division between northern and southern populations. Previous research did not sample a region spanning 12 km between these two populations. We report the distribution of G. rosea in the unsampled area and identify a geographically restricted hybrid zone. Boundaries of genetic groups were defined using two allozyme loci in 13 populations and ventral colouration. G. rosea was not continuously distributed in the area of parapatry. At the only point where the northern and southern groups met, there was a single hybrid population with genotypes demonstrating substantial interbreeding. Colour patterns implied a slightly broader hybrid zone, with four populations showing ventral colour introgression. Northern populations tended to have pink bellies whereas southern populations generally had orange bellies. We conclude that the two groups have diverged in allopatry and have formed a very narrow hybrid zone after range expansion. The magnitude of allozyme divergence between the four currently recognised species in the G. rosea complex is similar to the divergence between northern and southern G. rosea and is much greater than the divergence between other intraspecific groups. Taxonomic revision may therefore be warranted.

scholarly journals Population genetic structure of raccoons as a consequence of multiple introductions and range expansion in the Boso Peninsula, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Hirose ◽  
Kazuya Yoshida ◽  
Eiji Inoue ◽  
Masami Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Boso Peninsula ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractThe raccoon (Procyon lotor) is an invasive carnivore that invaded various areas of the world. Although controlling feral raccoon populations is important to reduce serious threats to local ecosystems, raccoons are not under rigid population control in Europe and Japan. We examined the D-loop and nuclear microsatellite regions to identify spatially explicit and feasible management units for effective population control and further range expansion retardation. Through the identification of five mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and three nuclear genetic groups, we identified at least three independent introductions, range expansion, and subsequent genetic admixture in the Boso Peninsula. The management unit considered that two were appropriate because two populations have already genetic exchange. Furthermore, when taking management, we think that it is important to monitor DNA at the same time as capture measures for feasible management. This makes it possible to determine whether there is a invasion that has a significant impact on population growth from out of the unit, and enables adaptive management.

Allozyme Variation and Population Substructuring in the Caucasian Ground Lizards Lacerta derjugini and Lacerta praticola

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross D. MacCulloch ◽  
Ilya S. Darevsky ◽  
Robert W. Murphy ◽  
Jinzhong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Population Substructuring ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Two Populations

Genetic diversity at 35 allozyme loci was surveyed in Lacerta derjugini (3 populations) and L. praticola (2 populations). Indices of variability were consistent with those found in other Caucasian Lacerta. There was little genetic substructuring between two populations of L. praticola despite considerable geographic separation. Conversely, populations of L. derjugini in close proximity to one another exhibited considerable substructuring.

scholarly journals Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of Nelson’s pocket mouse (Chaetodipus nelsoni)

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1847-1864
Author(s):  
Sean A Neiswenter ◽  
David J Hafner ◽  
Jessica E Light ◽  
Gabriella D Cepeda ◽  
Kathleen C Kinzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Chihuahuan Desert ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Pocket Mouse ◽  
Salado River ◽  
A New Species

Abstract Chaetodipus nelsoni occurs on rocky substrates across the Mexican Altiplano. We investigated phylogeographic diversity within the species using morphologic, karyotypic, and molecular data. Data from nuclear (AFLP) and mitochondrial DNA support three distinct genetic groups with minimal substructuring coincident with biogeographic barriers previously identified in the Chihuahuan Desert and drainage basins of the Altiplano. We examined the morphological and karyotypic data in light of the molecular data. The results support recognition of three species within the currently accepted widespread C. nelsoni: 1) C. nelsoni restricted to a distribution centered on the El Salado River Basin; 2) elevation of C. n. collis to species, with two subspecies: one centered on Trans-Pecos Texas, the other on the Mapimí Basin (new subspecies); and 3) recognition of a new species, C. durangae, centered on the Nazas Basin and upper Río Mezquital drainage.

scholarly journals A neo-W chromosome in a tropical butterfly links colour pattern, male-killing, and speciation

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1835) ◽  
pp. 20160821 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. S. Smith ◽  
Ian J. Gordon ◽  
Walther Traut ◽  
Jeremy Herren ◽  
Steve Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Male Killing ◽  
Sexually Antagonistic Selection ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Male Killer

Sexually antagonistic selection can drive both the evolution of sex chromosomes and speciation itself. The tropical butterfly the African Queen, Danaus chrysippus , shows two such sexually antagonistic phenotypes, the first being sex-linked colour pattern, the second, susceptibility to a male-killing, maternally inherited mollicute, Spiroplasma ixodeti , which causes approximately 100% mortality in male eggs and first instar larvae. Importantly, this mortality is not affected by the infection status of the male parent and the horizontal transmission of Spiroplasma is unknown. In East Africa, male-killing of the Queen is prevalent in a narrow hybrid zone centred on Nairobi. This hybrid zone separates otherwise allopatric subspecies with different colour patterns. Here we show that a neo-W chromosome, a fusion between the W (female) chromosome and an autosome that controls both colour pattern and male-killing, links the two phenotypes thereby driving speciation across the hybrid zone. Studies of the population genetics of the neo-W around Nairobi show that the interaction between colour pattern and male-killer susceptibility restricts gene flow between two subspecies of D. chrysippus . Our results demonstrate how a complex interplay between sex, colour pattern, male-killing, and a neo-W chromosome, has set up a genetic ‘sink' that keeps the two subspecies apart. The association between the neo-W and male-killing thus provides a ‘smoking gun' for an ongoing speciation process.

Reproductive Success of Two Eucalyptus Hybrid Populations. I. Generalized Seed Output Model and Comparison of Fruit Parameters

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Drake
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Subsequent Paper ◽  
Species Trees ◽  
Seed Output ◽  
Eucalyptus Hybrid ◽  
Canopy Size ◽  
Two Populations

The dynamics of the reproductive success of two interspecific Eucalyptus hybrid populations are examined here and in a subsequent paper in relation to a generalized model of seed output of a single plant. The model describes a structural system of seed output per plant under both physiological and physical regulation. It can readily be extended to a population model and to postdispersal reproductive stages. Fruit loss, output and damage in the two populations are presented. The E. melanophloia × E. crebra hybrids are considerably less fertile than their parent species. Significant loss of reproductive structures during maturation and low reproductive effort, together with variable canopy size and proportion of canopy bearing fruits, result in the fruit output per average hybrid tree being 10% of either of the average species trees. Biotic damage to surviving hybrid fruits by an insect and a fungus is individually significantly greater than levels suffered by the species and together account for an average of 56% of fruits compared with 16% for either species. Damage and loss levels to these hybrids are more or less constant in space and time and constitute a strong selective force against these hybrids. In contrast, fruit loss parameters are low and differences between the taxa are non-significant throughout the E.populnea × E. crebra hybrid system, resulting in hybrid fertility about equal to the fertilities of the parents. These contrasting results are discussed in relation to hybrid frequencies in the ecotone and levels of hybrid population development.

scholarly journals A taxonomic revision of the mealybug genus Ferrisia Fullaway (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), with descriptions of eight new species and a new genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3543 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. KAYDAN ◽  
P. J. GULLAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The mealybug genus Ferrisia Fullaway is revised to include 18 species, based on morphological and molecular data. Wedistinguish the widespread pest species F. virgata (Cockerell) from morphologically similar species and provide a reviseddescription and illustration for the adult female of F. virgata. We resurrect Dactylopius dasylirii Cockerell stat. rev. fromsynonymy with Dactylopius virgatus Cockerell as Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell) and apply this name to many North Amer-ican and Caribbean populations previously recognised as F. virgata; F. dasylirii is the most difficult to distinguish mor-phologically from F. virgata and exhibits morphological and molecular variation among some populations. We designatea lectotype for D. dasylirii Cockerell. Eight new species of Ferrisia are described and illustrated based on the adult female,and named as Ferrisia colombiana sp. n., F. cristinae sp. n., F. ecuadorensis sp. n., F. kondoi sp. n., F. milleri sp. n., F.pitcairnia sp. n., F. uzinuri sp. n. and F. williamsi sp. n. The relationships of five of these new species and five namedspecies are discussed in relation to a previously published phylogenetic tree that was based on nucleotide sequence data.Taxonomically informative morphological features (such as the size, shape and position of discoidal pores associated withthe dorsal enlarged tubular ducts and the ventral oral-collar tubular ducts), identified for each of the genetic groups (clades)on the tree, are used to help to diagnose the species. We also describe and illustrate the adult female of a form of F. gilliGullan, found on Magnolia and some other host plants, that has numerous clusters of small ventral oral-collar ducts onthe body margins. For seven named species—F. claviseta (Lobdell), F. malvastra (McDaniel), F. meridionalis Williams,F. multiformis Granara de Willink, F. quaintancii (Tinsley), F. setosa (Lobdell) and F. terani Williams & Granara de Will-ink—we provide revised illustrations of the adult females as well as diagnostic morphological notes and information ondistribution and host plants. We also recognise Eurycoccus copallinae Ferris as a junior synonym (syn. n.) of Dactylopiusquaintancii Tinsley (now F. quaintancii) and designate a lectotype for E. copallinae. We include photographs of the liveappearance of the adult females of six Ferrisia species and also a key to all known species of Ferrisia based on the mor-phology of the adult females. We transfer the species currently known as Ferrisia floridana (Ferris) to a new monotypicgenus, Pseudoferrisia gen. n., as Pseudoferrisia floridana (Ferris) comb. n., and provide a description of the genus and its type species (Ferrisiana floridana Ferris), as well as a new illustration of the adult female.

Genetic-Evidence for Sympatric Differentiation Between 2 Color Morphs of the Skink Egernia-Whitii

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Milton
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Linkage Disequilibria ◽  
Color Morphs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Colour Morphs ◽  
Granite Rocks ◽  
Two Populations

The viviparous skink Egernia whitii is dimorphic for dorsal colour pattern. Both patterned and plain morphs coexist throughout the species' range. Adults live in family groups beneath exfoliating granite rocks. The closely related E. modesta also coexists in similar habitats in the northern part of the range of E. whitii. The plain E. whitii morph is intermediate in colour pattern between patterned E. whitii and E. modesta. Three populations of E. whitii and two populations of E. modesta were examined electrophoretically to assess the status of the plain morph of E. whitii. There were no fixed differences between the two morphs of E. whitii at any of the 55 loci examined, and loci polymorphic in both rnorphs of E. whitii showed no evidence of linkage disequilibria. Although heterozygosity values (H=0.017�0.002) and the level of polymorphism (P 0.95=0.015) were low, there were highly significant allele frequency differences between sympatric samples of the two morphs of E. whitii. This indicated that the two morphs were conspecific, yet they were not interbreeding at random. The established frequency of gene exchange between the two colour morphs in the three populations sampled varied from 3.6 to 6 individuals per generation. Reproductive data confirmed that both colour morphs of E. whitii produced young of the same dorsal colour pattern as their own in much greater frequency than random. However, females of both colours can and do breed with males of the other colour in very low frequency. Analysis of the lateral colour pattern of the two E. whitii morphs and E. modesta suggests that the colour patterns of the two E. whitii morphs are very similar, yet differ slightly from the colour pattern of E. modesta in the region of geographic overlap of these species. These results suggest that behavioural or microhabit differences between the two morphs may be involved in mate recognition.

Genetic structure in a dynamic baboon hybrid zone corroborates behavioural observations in a hybrid population

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. E. CHARPENTIER ◽  
M. C. FONTAINE ◽  
E. CHEREL ◽  
J. P. RENOULT ◽  
T. JENKINS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Hybrid Population

Allozyme differentiation among populations of the Pyrenean newt Calotriton asper (Amphibia: Caudata) does not mirror their morphological diversification

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1945 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERT MONTORI ◽  
GUSTAVO A. LLORENTE ◽  
MARIO GARCÍA-PARÍS
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Morphological Diversification ◽  
Fast Running ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Two Populations

The Pyrenean newt (Calotriton asper) is a morphologically diversified species endemic to the Pyrenean mountains (Western Europe) that inhabits fast running streams and mountain lakes. Given its high morphological diversity, the species has been subdivided into at least ten different taxa, subsequently treated by most authors as local forms. Herein, we examined the electrophoretic patterns produced by 20 presumptive allozyme loci in specimens of seven populations distributed over the entire geographic range of the species. Sixteen loci were monomorphic across the sampling area and only four loci were polymorphic. No diagnostic alleles of any population or population set were detected. The average number of alleles per locus was found to be extremely low, between 1.1 and 1.2 ± 0.1. Genetic divergence among populations was minimal, with a maximum divergence of Nei 78 = 0.031. No correlation was shown between genetic and geographic distances (Mantel test: r = -0.29, t = -1.1, p = 0.13). Fst values were low, as would be expected for a nonfragmented population. Estimated gene flow among populations was high, with a Nm = 1.01. Cytochrome b mtDNA sequences from the two populations furthest apart only differed in a single position. According to these genetic/morphological discrepancies, we interpret the observed morphological diversification of C. asper as a product of rapid morphological change under local selection pressure, in response to population specific ecological conditions. The implication of our findings for conservation efforts is that we need to preserve the unique evolutionary processes occurring in single populations or small groups of populations, even if the populations involved cannot be taxonomically differentiated.

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