Effects of a Rainforest Road on Movements of Small Mammals: Mechanisms and Implications.

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
The Road ◽  
Barrier Effects ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Road Crossing

Live-trapping was used to study the effects of a road on the movements of 4 species of terrestrial and scansorial mammals at 4 sites in upland vine-forest at Mt. Spec, N. Queensland, in February, March, May, June and August 1989. The road consisted of a 4-m wide bitumen strip at all sites; it was flanked by 1-m wide shoulders on each side at 2 sites and 4-m wide shoulders on each side at the other 2 sites. When baited traps were set on both sides of the road during grid-trapping, the road crossing rate of Uromys caudimaculatus (20% of recorded movements) was significantly greater than that of Rattus fuscipes and Antechinus flavipes (1.8% and 5.2% of movements, respectively). Melomys cervinipes was not recorded crossing the road under these conditions. R. fuscipes, M. cervinipes and A. flavipes were induced to cross the road more often when baited traps were placed on only one side of the road. The crossing rate of R. fuscipes was increased by translocating individuals across the road. The inhibition of movement caused by roads was attributed to psychological and/or sociological characteristics of the species and/or the individual rather than to the effect of a physical barrier. The results also indicate that the threat of genetic isolation of populations of these species dissected by roads less than 12 m wide is slight. However, less mobile species or wider roads may result in genetic isolation. Measures are suggested to alleviate the barrier effects of roads.

scholarly journals Public Roads as Places of Interspecies Conflict: A Study of Horse-Human Interactions on UK Roads and Impacts on Equine Exercise

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Danica Pollard ◽  
Tamzin Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Near Miss ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
The Road ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Conflict Risk ◽  
The Individual

Real or perceived traffic risk is a significant barrier to walking and cycling. To understand whether similar barriers influence equestrians, this study obtained exercise behaviours, road use and experiences of road-related incidents from UK equestrians (n = 6390) via an online questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with road use and experiencing a near-miss or injury-causing incident in the previous year. Content analysis identified themes around equestrians’ decisions not to use roads. Our results show that most equestrians (84%) use roads at least once weekly, and in the previous year, 67.7% had a near-miss and 6.1% an injury-causing incident. Road use differs regionally, with exercise type and off-road route availability. Road-using equestrians covered greater daily distances and were younger. However, younger equestrians were at higher risk of near-misses. Respondents’ decisions not to use roads were based on individualised risk assessments arising from: the road itself, perceptions of other road users, the individual horse and the handler’s own emotional management. Roads were perceived as extremely dangerous places with potentially high conflict risk. Injury-causing incidents were associated with increasing road-use anxiety or ceasing to use roads, the proximity of off-road routes, having a near-miss and type of road use. Targeted road-safety campaigns and improved off-road access would create safer equestrian spaces.

scholarly journals Macroscopic dynamics and the collapse of urban traffic

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (50) ◽  
pp. 12654-12661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Olmos ◽  
Serdar Çolak ◽  
Sajjad Shafiei ◽  
Meead Saberi ◽  
Marta C. González
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Nonequilibrium Phase Transition ◽  
Vehicle Miles Traveled ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
Total Vehicle ◽  
The Individual

Stories of mega-jams that last tens of hours or even days appear not only in fiction but also in reality. In this context, it is important to characterize the collapse of the network, defined as the transition from a characteristic travel time to orders of magnitude longer for the same distance traveled. In this multicity study, we unravel this complex phenomenon under various conditions of demand and translate it to the travel time of the individual drivers. First, we start with the current conditions, showing that there is a characteristic time τ that takes a representative group of commuters to arrive at their destinations once their maximum density has been reached. While this time differs from city to city, it can be explained by Γ, defined as the ratio of the vehicle miles traveled to the total vehicle distance the road network can support per hour. Modifying Γ can improve τ and directly inform planning and infrastructure interventions. In this study we focus on measuring the vulnerability of the system by increasing the volume of cars in the network, keeping the road capacity and the empirical spatial dynamics from origins to destinations unchanged. We identify three states of urban traffic, separated by two distinctive transitions. The first one describes the appearance of the first bottlenecks and the second one the collapse of the system. This collapse is marked by a given number of commuters in each city and it is formally characterized by a nonequilibrium phase transition.

scholarly journals The road to sustainable creativity: mobile autonomy beyond auto-mobility

2015 ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Pascal Gielen
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
The Road ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Market Solutions

AbstractHow can artists stay autonomous, and keep their creativity alive in the contemporary society? In this paper is stated that the individual bourgeois model of the artist is not sufficient any more to make autonomous art and to stay creative on the long run. If artists want to stay mobile and autonomous they need to build collective organizational structures, which are called 'traveling caravan'. In the parallel historical shifts between 1970 and 2000 from liberalism to neo-liberalism, from Fordism to post-Fordism and from modern to contemporary art, artists need to build up their own artistic biotope if they need to make their work without governmental interference (subsidizes) and free market solutions. The cooperative can be seen as an interesting model to develop such a 'mobile autonomy'.

scholarly journals Study of efficiency pedestrian bridge crossing in the road of Pangerang Antasari, Banjarmasin

2018 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Hari Nukta Ramadani ◽  
Hudan Rahmani ◽  
Akhmad Gazali
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Pedestrian Bridge ◽  
The Road ◽  
Busy Time ◽  
Bridge Crossing ◽  
Road Crossing

You Pedestrians are one of the highest traffic accident objects. Several ways are used to reduce the number of accidents, among others by providing road crossing facilities, such as zebra cross and pedestrian bridge crossing. Unfortunately, the utilization of such facilities, especially pedestrian bridge crossing is still very less. This condition raises the need to identify efficiency use the pedestrian bridge crossing. The study location is a pedestrian bridge crossing in the road of Pangeran Antasari, Banjarmasin City. The studies method used are survey method and analysis method. The analysis shows that pedestrian percentage that doesn’t use pedestrian bridge crossing is very big, that is 87% at busy time and 88% at not busy time. The solution to increase the use of pedestrian bridge crossing is by install a curb railing fence on both sides of the road (about 200 m).

Driver Behavior in Response to Flashing Lights

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Kersavage ◽  
Nicholas P. Skinner ◽  
John D. Bullough ◽  
Philip M. Garvey ◽  
Eric T. Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Sequential Pattern ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Warning Lights ◽  
Current Standards

Flashing yellow warning lights notify drivers about the presence of work along the road. Current standards for these lights address performance of the individual light but not how lights should function when multiple lights are used. In the present study, warning lights were used to delineate a lane change taper in a simulated work zone. Lights flashed with varying intensities and either randomly or in sequence, with lights flashing in turn along the length of the lane change taper, either to the right or to the left. In half of the trials, a flashing police light bar was used on a vehicle located within the simulated work zone. Participants were asked to drive a vehicle approaching the work zone and to identify, as quickly as possible, in which direction the taper’s lane change was (either to the right or left). Drivers were able to correctly identify the taper from farther away when the lights flashed in a sequential pattern than when the flash pattern was random; and the presence of a police light bar resulted in shorter identification distances. The results, along with previous research, can inform standards for the use of flashing lights and police lights in work zones for the safety of drivers and workers.

scholarly journals Coprophagous Hydrophilid Beetles (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Sphaeridiinae) Distribution in the Polish Carpathians

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Czesław Greń ◽  
Andrzej Górz
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

Research on coprophagous beetles of the Hydrophilidae family in the Polish Carpathians was conducted from 2011 to 2013. The beetles were caught using baited traps. The research sites were selected to take into account both the horizontal diversity of habitat conditions and the vertical diversity associated with elevation above sea level. During the study, 9589 coprophagous hydrophilid individuals were collected, representing 17 species and five genera. Two species that were new to Poland were found: Cercyon tatricus and Pachysternum capense. The vertical ranges of the individual species of coprophagous hydrophilid beetles within the Polish Carpathians were determined as well as the elevations above sea level, with the highest and lowest species richness of this group of insects. The capture of Pachysternum capense in the Tatra Mountains may indicate the existence of an unrecognized path of migration of small insects from Southern to Northern Europe. The route and mechanisms of their migration are discussed.

Why didn't the lizard cross the road? Dunes sagebrush lizards exhibit road-avoidance behaviour

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby J. Hibbitts ◽  
Lee A. Fitzgerald ◽  
Danielle K. Walkup ◽  
Wade A. Ryberg
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Circular Statistics ◽  
Demographic Stochasticity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Effects ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Road Crossing

Context Research has shown many negative effects of roads and traffic on wildlife and other biodiversity. The direct and indirect mechanisms through which roads and traffic harm animal populations vary across taxa, making mitigation of road effects a great challenge for conservation. As such, a large toolkit of species-specific management techniques may be needed to mitigate the negative effects of roads for wildlife and other biodiversity. The dunes sagebrush lizard, Sceloporus arenicolus, is a psammophilic (sand-loving) habitat specialist endemic to the Mescalero–Monahans Sandhills ecosystem of New Mexico and Texas. Within this ecosystem, roads fragment shinnery oak sand-dune landforms occupied by the species. Aims In the present study, we conducted behaviour trials in experimental enclosures to test whether the smallest roads restrict movements of the dunes sagebrush lizard. In addition, we also conducted trials to evaluate whether a sand-filled wildlife-crossing feature could facilitate road crossing. Methods We conducted behavioural trials on 24 dunes sagebrush lizards in our control enclosure and 22 lizards in our road and sand-filled wildlife-crossing enclosure. Movements were recorded for 15min. The final locations at the end of each trial were analysed using circular statistics to determine whether movements in the road or the sand-filled wildlife-crossing enclosures were different from the control. Key results Our results supported the hypotheses that dunes sagebrush lizards avoid roads and do so according to a surface-avoidance mechanism. We also found that the wildlife crossing-feature design tested here had no effect on the movements or road-crossing frequency of dunes sagebrush lizard. Conclusions Surface-avoidance behaviour indicated that roads will persistently affect the movements of dunes sagebrush lizard, even when traffic is not present. Also, more research into an effective wildlife crossing is needed to increase connectivity of fragmented populations. Implications These findings help evaluate the impact of roads in creating isolated populations that experience increased demographic stochasticity and, in some instances, localised extirpation in this species. Our study can guide conservation plans for the dunes sagebrush lizard, and contribute to our understanding of road effects on biodiversity in general.

Dynamic Behavior and Synchronization of an Automobile as a Complex System

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A. González-Cruz ◽  
Juan C. Jáuregui-Correa ◽  
Carlos S. López-Cajún ◽  
Mihir Sen
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Wavelet Transforms ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Hilbert Transforms ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Analytical Tools

A complex system is composed of many interacting components, but the behavior of the system as a whole can be quite different from that of the individual components. An automobile is an example of a common mechanical system composed of a large number of individual components that are mechanically connected in some way and hence transmit vibrations to each other. This paper proposes a variety of inter-related analytical tools for the study of experimental data from such systems. In this work, experimental results of accelerometer data acquired at two locations in the automobile for two different kinds of tests are analyzed. One test is the response to impact on a stationary vehicle, and the other is the road-response to the vehicle being driven on a flat road at different speeds. Signals were processed via Fourier and wavelet transforms, cross-correlation coefficients were computed, and Hilbert transforms and Kuramoto order parameters were determined. A new parameter representing synchronization deficit is introduced. There is indeed some degree of synchronization that can be quantified between the accelerations measured at these two locations in the vehicle.

How Does Crossing Roads with Friends Impact Risk Taking in Young Adolescents and Adults?

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E O’Neal ◽  
Yuanyuan Jiang ◽  
Kathryne Brown ◽  
Joseph K Kearney ◽  
Jodie M Plumert
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Movement Timing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Impact Risk ◽  
Road Crossing

Abstract Objective The goal of this investigation was to examine how crossing roads with a friend versus alone affects gap decisions and movement timing in young adolescents and adults. Methods Ninety-six 12-year-olds and adults physically crossed a single lane of continuous traffic in an immersive pedestrian simulator. Participants completed 30 crossings either with a friend or alone. Participants were instructed to cross the road without being hit by a car, but friend pairs were not instructed to cross together. Results Pairs of adolescent friends exhibited riskier road-crossing behavior than pairs of adult friends. For gaps crossed together, adult pairs were more discriminating in their gap choices than adult solo crossers, crossing fewer of the smaller gaps and more of the larger gaps. This pattern did not hold for 12-year-old pairs compared to 12-year-old solo crossers. To compensate for their less discriminating gap choices, pairs of 12-year-olds adjusted their movement timing by entering and crossing the road more quickly. For gaps crossed separately, both adult and 12-year-old first crossers chose smaller gaps than second crossers. Unlike adults, 12-year-old first crossers were significantly less discriminating in their gap choices than 12-year-old second crossers. Conclusions Compared to adults, young adolescents took riskier gaps in traffic when crossing virtual roads with a friend than when crossing alone. Given that young adolescents often cross roads together in everyday life, peer influences may pose a significant risk to road safety in early adolescence.

scholarly journals Analysis of the acoustic climate of a spa park using the fuzzy set theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Sztubecka ◽  
Jacek Sztubecki
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Fuzzy Set Theory ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The paper describes the differences between the actual results of the measurement of equivalent sound level and the feelings of people visiting "a Spa Park". Noise, as one of the environmental pollutants, cause detrimental effects on the recipient. Measurements of noise are usually performed in urban areas, especially in the road environments, providing a basis for measures to limit their impact on the environment. Often in the measurement there are ignored areas for recreation. Usually, they do not determine the relationship between the results of measurements of noise equivalent sound level and the individual feelings of the people living in these areas. The analysis was performed with the use of fuzzy set theory. The evaluation of the acoustic climate on the "Spa Park" should be determined on the basis of sound level measurements and questionnaires.

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