Temporal Decline of 1080 Within Meat Baits Used for Control of Wild Dogs in New South Wales.

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJS Fleming ◽  
RW Parker
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Short Term ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Residual Level ◽  
Term Trial ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Wild Dogs

Short- and long-term trials were conducted to determine the rate of decline of 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) in meat baits used for poisoning wild dogs. Baits were injected with 0.2 ml of standard 1080 solution (nominal dose of 6.00 mg of pure 1080 per bait) and placed in the field. In the long-term trial, 10 baits were collected at 7 intervals between 3 h and 226 days, and analysed for residual 1080 by liquid chromatography. The recoverable 1080 content declined greatly over the first 48 days, although at 226 days all 10 baits retained some 1080. By 42.4 days the mean residual level of 1080 in the baits was predicted to be less than the theoretical LD99 for wild dogs. At the time of distribution, baits contained less than the LD50 for an average-sized eastern quoll. The LD99 for domestic cattle-dogs was predicted to be still present in baits at 72.9 days. Loss of 1080 from these baits was not correlated with rainfall, temperature or humidity. In the short-term trial, 10 baits were collected at 11 intervals up to 200 h. The recoverable 1080 content decreased by 3.09 mg (61% of the injected dose) within the first hour after injection and declined to a low of 2.70 mg at hour 50. The level of recovered 1080 then rose to 73% of the injected dose at hour 150.

scholarly journals Smoking cessation in severe mental illness: combined long-term quit rates from the UK SCIMITAR trials programme

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gilbody ◽  
Emily Peckham ◽  
Della Bailey ◽  
Catherine Arundel ◽  
Paul Heron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Term Trial ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Full Trial

Summary Smoking contributes to health inequalities for people with severe mental illness (SMI). Although smoking cessation interventions are effective in the short term, there are few long-term trial-based estimates of abstinence. The SCIMITAR trials programme includes the largest trial to date of a smoking cessation intervention for people with SMI, but this was underpowered to detect anticipated long-term quit rates. By pooling pilot and full-trial data we found that quit rates were maintained at 12 months (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.02–2.73, P = 0.04). Policymakers can now be confident that bespoke smoking cessation interventions produce successful short- and long-term quitting.

Crescentic Proximal Metatarsal Osteotomy for Moderate to Severe Hallux Valgus: A Mean 12.2 Year Follow-Up Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 817-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Veri ◽  
S.P. Pirani ◽  
R. Claridge
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Soft Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Severe Hallux Valgus

The senior author's (R.C.) first 25 patients (37 feet) treated with a combination proximal crescentic osteotomy and distal soft-tissue reconstruction made up the patient cohort. All 25 patients were reviewed at a minimum of one year post-op (short-term follow-up) and 20/25 (31/37 feet) were reviewed again at a mean 12.2 years (range 11.4 to 13.0 yrs) post-op (long-term follow-up). This allowed for a comparison of short- and long-term results and led to a long-term follow-up rate of 84% (31/37 feet, mean 12.2 yrs). Clinical, radiographic and patient outcome measures were obtained and compared pre-op and at short- and long-term follow-up. The mean preoperative hallux valgus (HVA) and intermetatarsal angles (IMA) were 37° and 16° respectively. The mean HVA correction was 24° and IMA correction 10° at long-term follow-up with no tendency toward recurrence. Sesamoid position and first MTP subluxation was markedly improved postoperatively and the correction was maintained at long-term follow-up. Patients were asked about their satisfaction in terms of pain, appearance and motion. At long-term follow-up, more than 90% of patients were completely satisfied with pain and motion and greater than 80% with their appearance. Ninety-four percent of patients said they would have the operation again. The AOFAS clinical rating scale for the hallux was calculated retrospectively for pre-op and short-term follow-up and prospectively for long-term follow-up. The mean pre-op score was 37/100 (16 to 60) which significantly improved to 92/100 (67 to 100) at both follow-up periods, suggesting no evidence of decrease in outcome over time. Complications included two patients (5%) that were over-corrected into varus (one symptomatic, one asymptomatic), and four patients (11%) that were undercorrected, developing asymptomatic recurrences (>10° increase HVA) at long-term follow-up. In addition, two patients (5%) developed new transfer lesions postoperatively, likely related to technical error (one varus overcorrection, one dorsiflexion malunion). In conclusion, the long-term results, with a mean follow-up of 12.2 years, of the resection realignment procedure for moderate to severe hallux valgus are generally excellent and the complication rate is low and acceptable. Attention to detail, avoiding both undercorrection, which can lead to recurrence, and overcorrection, which can cause symptomatic varus, is essential.

Grass seed contamination of the wool and carcases of sheep grazing natural pasture on the north-western slopes of New South Wales

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (111) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge ◽  
BA Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
The Mean

A group of six-month-old Merino wether weaners was grazed from January to July 1977 on a natural pasture containing seeds of wiregrass (Aristida ramosa), corkscrew grass (Stipa variabilis), barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) and burrs of Medicago minima. The sheep were then removed from the natural pasture, shorn and grazed for a further 23 months on lucerne and oats pastures that were free of grass seed. The number and species of grass seeds and burrs in the wool, hide and carcases were measured to determine the levels of seed and burr contamination and the long-term fate of seeds entering the carcase. The highest number of seeds in the wool, hide and carcase of sheep grazing natural pasture were those of wiregrass. Numbers of seeds of this species per 100 cm2 ranged from 85 to 651 in the wool, 43 to 159 in the hide, and 1 to 8 in the carcase. Most of the grass seeds in the wool were located on the stomach and shoulders, while most of the burrs were on the hind legs and stomach. Percentages of grass seed were highest about the stomach area and shoulders for the hide and carcase, respectively. After the sheep were removed from the natural pasture, and grazed on lucerne and oats pastures for 23 months, the mean grass seed contents decreased by 81% in the hide and 83% in the carcase. Wiregrass seeds were the only seeds that penetrated the hide and remained in the carcase. Numbers of contaminating seeds decreased most rapidly within 6 months of the sheep being removed from the natural pasture. Over the experimental period no seed-free hides or carcases were observed.

Summer-Autumn home range and habitat use of the Hastings River mouse Pseudomys oralis (Rodentia: Muridae).

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Meek ◽  
S. L. Radford ◽  
B. L. Tolhurst
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
New South ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Minimum Convex Polygon ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Individuals from a population of Hastings River mouse (Pseudomys oralis) were radio tracked in a short-term investigation of home range, habitat use and movement patterns in Marengo State Forest on the northern tablelands of New South Wales. Results were assessed in the context of conservation and management of this threatened species and compared to research in other parts of the species? distribution. The mean summer-autumn home range (Minimum Convex Polygon) of five animals that met the home range asymptote was 0.78�ha, the minimum home range for fourteen mice was 0.72�ha, while median home range for males was 0.8�ha and females 0.53�ha. There was no significant difference in home range size between sexes. Habitat data indicated that fallen logs, including tree head and butt residue following logging, are important refuge and nest sites, even when rocks and hollows are available. A diversity of fern and other ground plant species (including grasses) was important habitat for the species, microhabitat consisting predominantly of sedge and rush was not favoured.

Trade-offs between productivity and ground cover in mixed farming systems in the Murrumbidgee catchment of New South Wales

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lilley ◽  
A. D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
New South ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Inadequate ground cover because of over-grazing of pastures, fallowing and stubble burning or excessive cultivation exposes land to degradation, yet maintaining cover can constrain productivity. We used long-term simulation analysis to investigate the impact of modifying stock and crop management practices on the trade-off between farm productivity (grain, meat and wool) and ground cover levels. Management of mixed farms at five locations (426–657 mm mean annual rainfall) in the Murrumbidgee catchment of New South Wales was represented for simulated farms that included permanent pastures, crop–pasture rotations, and a meat/wool sheep enterprise. Locations varied in their stocking rate, soil characteristics and proportion of land area allocated to various crops and pastures. At each location we investigated the impact on ground cover and farm productivity of (1) retention of wheat stubble, (2) altering stocking rate (up to ±25%) and (3) moving stock elsewhere on the farm when the mean value of ground cover fell below a given threshold (50, 60, 70, 80 or 90%) for either, all pasture on the farm or an individual paddock. The analysis showed that seasonal conditions were the dominant effect on the mean farm cover (mean range 64–98%); cover fell as low as 43–57% in severe droughts, depending on location. Retention of wheat stubble increased long-term mean cover by 1–4%, with little impact on grain yield. Altering stocking rate had the largest impact on cover at all locations (up to 4%), although there was a trade-off with productivity. Maintaining a constant stocking rate, although moving stock within the farm, had a small, positive effect on the whole-farm cover, although it reduced gross margin because of the cost of supplementary feeding. Confining stock to a 3 ha feeding lot was the most effective strategy for maintaining ground cover and minimising financial loss. Our analysis did not account for the benefits of maintaining high levels of ground cover on the long-term productive capacity of the farm through on-farm or off-farm environmental benefits. We conclude that ground cover is dominated by climatic effects, and that within the range of stock management practices examined in the present study, practices that increase minimum cover levels also reduce farm productivity. Reducing total stocking rate, or removing stock from the farm during periods of low cover, will have the greatest impact on maintaining cover, although it will reduce whole-farm profit.

scholarly journals Ministers of Health: short-term tenure for long-term goals?

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Bosi Ferraz ◽  
Rafael Teixeira Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Healthcare investments should consider short and long-term demands. The objectives here were to compare the average tenures of ministers of health in Brazil and in another 22 countries and to evaluate the relationship between ministers' tenures and a number of indicators. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive study conducted at Centro Paulista de Economia da Saúde (CPES). METHODS: Twenty-two countries with the highest Human Development Indices (HDIs) and Brazil were included. The number of ministers over the past 20 years was investigated through each country's Ministry of Health website. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to compare the number of ministers in each country with that country's indicators. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare ministers' tenures in Brazil and other countries. RESULTS: The mean tenure (standard deviation, SD) of Brazilian ministers of health was 15 (12) months, a period that is statistically significantly shorter than the mean tenure of 33 (18) months in the other 22 countries (P < 0.05). There was a moderate and statistically significant positive correlation between the number of ministers and mortality rates for several conditions. The number of ministers also presented moderate and statistically significant negative correlations with per capita total healthcare expenditure (r = -0.567) and with per capita government healthcare expenditure (r = -0.530). CONCLUSION: On average, ministers of health have extremely short tenures. There is an urgent need to think and plan healthcare systems from a long-term perspective.

Aerial and ground survey of sap trees of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis reginae) near Atherton, North Queensland

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Bradford ◽  
G. N. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Ground Survey ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Petaurus Australis ◽  
Prime Source

Sap-feed trees of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis reginae) were located in a 1600-ha site in north Queensland by aerial survey and ground survey. The ground survey located 77 active sap-feed trees, of which only seven were seen from the air.Thus we conclude that aerial survey is not a reliable means of censusing yellow-bellied glider populations. Sap-feeding scars made by gliders were found only on Eucalyptus resinifera even though four other species of Eucalyptus, which are used for sap-feeding in New South Wales, were also present in the area.In addition to the active feed trees, we found 156 trees with old sap-feeding scars, giving a total of 233 scarred trees in all.All but two of these were located within 500 m of mature E. grandis trees, which are believed to be the prime source of glider dens.Of the E. resinifera trees with diameter at breast height greater than 40 cm in the study area 1.06% were scarred and 0.35% were in active use by the gliders.The sap-feed trees had significantly fewer other trees in their immediate vicinity than the mean for all E. resinifera trees in the study area.The early stages of rainforest invasion investigated here did not indicate a reduction in use for sap-feeding by gliders.However, in the long-term E. resinifera is unable to thrive or reproduce within a rainforest, suggesting that the gliders’ habitat will be reduced as the E. resinifera trees die out.

Aerial baiting for wild dogs has no observable impact on spotted-tailed quolls (Dasyurus maculatus) in a rainshadow woodland

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Claridge ◽  
Douglas J. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Wild Dogs

The short-term impact of 1080 aerial baiting for wild dogs (Canis lupus dingo, Canis lupus familiaris and hybrids of the two) on spotted-tailed quolls (Dasyurus maculatus) was investigated at a rainshadow woodland site in southern New South Wales, Australia. Sixteen quolls were trapped and fitted with radio-transmitters containing mortality sensors. Three feral cats were also opportunistically trapped and radio-collared. One week after trapping ceased, meat baits nominally containing 6 mg of 1080 poison and 50 mg of the biomarker rhodamine B were deployed aerially over a 10-km transect across the study area. Following bait deployment, collared quolls and cats were monitored daily over four weeks for evidence of mortality. During this time, one quoll and two cats died. The quoll did not die from 1080 but both cats showed clear signs of poisoning. Whisker samples were obtained from trapped quolls 5–8 weeks after baiting to determine whether they had been exposed to baits. Of the 15 remaining collared quolls, 12 were retrapped. Four of these tested positive for rhodamine B. Three individuals originally collared were not retrapped but confirmed alive at least seven weeks after bait deployment. A further six non-collared quolls were also trapped, with two of these positive for rhodamine B. Of the 19 quolls from which whisker samples were tested for rhodamine B then, 13 (68%) were negative and six (32%) were positive. Aerial baiting had no observable impact on the local radio-collared quoll population, a finding consistent with results from a similar study recently conducted in northern New South Wales.

scholarly journals Maternal Vaginal Ureaplasma spp. Colonization in Early Pregnancy Is Associated with Adverse Short- and Long-Term Outcome of Very Preterm Infants

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Judith Rittenschober-Böhm ◽  
Tanja Habermüller ◽  
Thomas Waldhoer ◽  
Renate Fuiko ◽  
Stefan M. Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
Short And Long Term

Vaginal colonization with Ureaplasma (U.) spp. has been shown to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcome; however, data on neonatal outcome are scarce. The aim of the study was to investigate whether maternal vaginal colonization with U. spp. in early pregnancy represents a risk factor for adverse short- or long-term outcome of preterm infants. Previously, 4330 pregnant women were enrolled in an observational multicenter study, analyzing the association between vaginal U. spp. colonization and spontaneous preterm birth. U. spp. colonization was diagnosed via PCR analysis from vaginal swabs. For this study, data on short-term outcome were collected from medical records and long-term outcome was examined via Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 24 months adjusted age. Two-hundred-and-thirty-eight children were born <33 weeks gestational age. After exclusion due to asphyxia, malformations, and lost-to-follow-up, data on short-term and long-term outcome were available from 222 and 92 infants, respectively. Results show a significant association between vaginal U. spp. colonization and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (10.4% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.03), retinopathy of prematurity (21.7% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.03), and adverse psychomotor outcome (24.3% vs. 1.8%, OR 13.154, 95%CI 1.6,110.2, p = 0.005). The data suggest an association between vaginal U. spp. colonization in early pregnancy and adverse short- and long-term outcome of very preterm infants.

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