Comparative Dynamics of Australasian Rabbit-Populations

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Gilbert ◽  
K Myers ◽  
BD Cooke ◽  
JD Dunsmore ◽  
PJ Fullagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Timing Of Reproduction ◽  
Comparative Dynamics ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Survival Patterns ◽  
Adult Rate

Shot samples of rabbits were collected over several years at 11 sites in Australia and one in New Zealand. At any one site, pregnancy rates and litter sizes vary both with age of mother and with time of year. Few rabbits become pregnant before the age of 19 weeks; pregnancy rate increases until the full adult rate is achieved about 27 weeks old. Litter size is also affected by age, adult litter size being reached by females at about 43 weeks old. Rates and timing of reproduction vary greatly from site to site in response to local conditions. The annual production of young per fully adult female is highest at Wairarapa, N.Z. (53 young) and lowest in the semiarid (17) and subalpine (15) environments. At six of the sites cohorts of marked rabbits provided estimates of seasonal survival rates; survival improves with age but becomes relatively constant in rabbits aged more than 24 weeks; survival patterns differ between sites. Life tables were constructed combining the information on reproduction and survival. Their possible usefulness is discussed.

Genetic control over survival in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.): experimental evidence between and within populations of New Zealand chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J Unwin ◽  
Michael T Kinnison ◽  
Nelson C Boustead ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Similar Survival ◽  
Two Populations

The ability to survive to adulthood and return to natal sites is a fundamental characteristic of anadromous salmonids, and low survival is likely to have prevented establishment of new populations within and outside their native range. We hypothesised that there is family-level genetic variation in traits contributing to survival and that populations evolve to maximise survival in response to prevailing local conditions. To test these predictions, we compared postrelease survival for chinook salmon families from two populations established in New Zealand in the 1900s. Both populations, Glenariffe Stream and Hakataramea River, had similar survival when released after translocation to a drainage familiar to neither population. However, Glenariffe families had higher survival than Hakataramea families when both populations were released from Glenariffe Stream, indicating a survival advantage for the local fish. In addition, there were significant correlations between survival rates for paternal half-sib families of Glenariffe fish and between survival rates for families released from the two locations. Family-specific survival was positively correlated with weight at release, but there were underlying genetic correlations unexplained by size. Taken together, these results suggest considerable genetic influence over survival and return of salmon and that population-specific adaptation can occur within 30 generations of establishment.

New insight on survivorship of female chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) from observation of marked animals

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loison ◽  
J. M. Gaillard ◽  
H. Houssin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Survival Patterns

A population of about 1500 chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) was monitored in the French Alps between 1985 and 1991 by observing individually marked animals. Data on resighting of marked females were analyzed using capture–recapture models. Resighting probabilities were time dependent and survival rates were age dependent. The annual survival rate was low in juveniles (0.58) and high in adults (0.96). Maturing animals (1.5–3.5 years old) had lower survival rates (0.91) than adults. Older age-classes exhibited no significant decline in survival rates. Survival patterns are compared with those from a previous study in New Zealand, and biological and methodological differences between the two studies are discussed.

PRESENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR FORESTRY IN THE CENTRAL PUMICE REGION

1971 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
J. Ure
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Local Conditions

The region contains half the area of exotic forest in New Zealand and the major industries dependent thereon. Both are expanding rapidly to meet promising export markets. Local conditions are particularly favourable for this form of primary production and continued expansion is expected.

scholarly journals Knowledge and perceptions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation amongst New Zealand podiatrists: a web-based survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Brenton-Rule ◽  
Daniel Harvey ◽  
Kevin Moran ◽  
Daniel O’Brien ◽  
Jonathon Webber
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Past

Abstract Background Podiatrists in New Zealand have a duty of care to assist patients in an emergency, and current cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification is a requirement for registration. However, it is unknown how competent and confident podiatrists are in administering CPR and how they would respond in an emergency. Having a health professional who has a competent knowledge of CPR and skills in basic life support, can improve survival rates from sudden cardiac arrest. Therefore, the aim of this study was to survey New Zealand podiatrists to determine their CPR knowledge and qualifications; beliefs about the application of CPR; and perceptions of their competency in CPR. Methods This cross-sectional study used a web-based survey. Participants were New Zealand registered podiatrists with a current annual practising certificate. The 31-item survey included questions to elicit demographic information, CPR practice and attitudes, and CPR knowledge. Responses were collected between March and August 2020. Results 171 podiatrists responded to the survey. 16 % of the podiatrists (n = 28) had performed CPR in an emergency, with a 50 % success rate. Participants were predominantly female (n = 127, 74 %) and working in private practice (n = 140,82 %). Nearly half of respondents were younger than 40 years (n = 75,44 %) and had less than 10 years of clinical experience (n = 73, 43 %). Nearly all (n = 169,97 %) participants had received formal CPR training in the past two years, with 60 % (n = 105) receiving training in the past 12 months. Most respondents (n = 167,98 %) self-estimated their CPR ability as being effective, very effective, or extremely effective. Participants’ knowledge of CPR was variable, with the percentage of correct answers for CPR protocol statements ranging between 20 and 90 %. Conclusions This study provides the first insight into New Zealand podiatrists’ CPR knowledge and perceptions. Podiatrists were found to have high levels of CPR confidence but demonstrated gaps in CPR knowledge. Currently, New Zealand registered podiatrists require biennial CPR re-certification. However, resuscitation authorities in New Zealand and overseas recommend an annual update of CPR skills. Based on this study’s findings, and in line with Australia and the United Kingdom, the authors recommend a change from biennial to annual CPR re-certification for podiatrists in New Zealand. Trial registration The study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620001144909).

scholarly journals The impact of maternal genetic merit and country of origin on ewe reproductive performance, lambing performance and ewe survival

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Fetherstone ◽  
N McHugh ◽  
T M Boland ◽  
F M McGovern
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the ewe’s maternal genetic merit and country of origin (New Zealand or Ireland) on ewe reproductive, lambing and productivity traits. The study was performed over a four year period (2016 to 2019) and consisted of three genetic groups: high maternal genetic merit New Zealand (NZ), high maternal genetic merit Irish (High Irish) and low maternal genetic merit Irish (Low Irish) ewes. Each group contained 30 Suffolk and 30 Texel ewes, selected based on the respective national maternal genetic indexes; i.e. either the New Zealand Maternal Worth (New Zealand group) or the €uro-star Replacement index (Irish groups). The impact of maternal genetic merit on reproductive traits such as litter size; lambing traits such as gestation length, birth weight, lambing difficulty, mothering ability, and productivity traits such as the number of lambs born and weaned were analyzed using linear mixed models. For binary traits, the impact of maternal genetic merit on reproductive traits such as conception to first AI service; lambing traits such as dystocia, perinatal lamb mortality and productivity traits such as ewe survival were analyzed using logistic regression. New Zealand ewes outperformed Low Irish ewes for conception to first AI (P<0.05) and litter size (P=0.05). Irish ewes were more likely to suffer from dystocia (6.84 (High Irish) and 8.25 (Low Irish) times) compared to NZ ewes (P<0.001); birth weight and perinatal mortality did not differ between groups (P>0.05). Lambs born from NZ ewes were 4.67 (95% CI: 1.89 to 11.55; P<0.001) and 6.54 (95% CI: 2.56 to 16.71; P<0.001) times more likely to stand up and suckle unassisted relative to lambs born from High or Low Irish ewes, respectively. New Zealand and High Irish ewes had a greater number of lambs born and weaned throughout the duration of the study compared to their Low Irish counterparts (P<0.001). New Zealand ewes tended to be more likely to survive from one year to the next compared to Low Irish ewes (P=0.07). Irish ewes of high maternal genetic merit outperformed their Low counterparts in total number of lambs born and weaned per ewe, but performance did not differ across other traits investigated. This highlights the importance of continuous development of the Irish maternal sheep index to ensure favourable improvements in reproductive, lambing and productivity traits at farm level. Overall, results demonstrate the suitability of NZ genetics in an Irish production system.

scholarly journals 142 Reproductive performance of land race hair sheep ewes in different breeding seasons under a semi-continuous production

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
Stephan Wildeus ◽  
Dahlia O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Production System ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Lamb Survival

Abstract A system for semi-continuous lamb production was evaluated using Barbados Blackbelly and St. Croix hair sheep ewes under 8-mo accelerated mating. Ewes were managed in a forage-based production system using rotational grazing. Two flocks of ewes (n = 30–35), equally representing the breeds, were bred 4 mo apart. Ewes were synchronized by feeding melengestrol acetate for 10 d, and mated in two single sire groups to like breed sires in November (NOV), March (MAR), and July (JUL) in a 25-d mating period. Pregnancy was recorded by transrectal ultrasound 22 d after breeding. Ewes were supplemented with corn/soybean meal during late gestation (0.75% of BW) and during lactation (1.5% of BW). They lambed on pasture with limited supervision, and lambs were weaned at 2 mo of age. Lambs had access to the supplement provided to ewes. Ewe performance (pregnancy rate, litter size, lamb survival, and birth and weaning weight) was recorded during a 2 yr production cycle, and analyzed for the effect of mating season. Pregnancy rate was not statistically different (P > 0.1) between season, and ranged from 93.9% in NOV, to 85.9 and 86.6% in MAR and JUL. Litter size (lambs born/ewe lambing) was higher (P < 0.05) in NOV (2.09) than MAR (1.68) and JUL (1.82). Lamb survival at birth was reduced (P < 0.001) in JUL (86.5%) compared to NOV (99%) and MAR (100 %), but was not different between seasons for survival to weaning (86 to 90%). Lamb birth weights were higher (P < 0.05) in MAR (3.16 kg) than JUL (2.99 kg), with NOV (3.05 kg) intermediate, while lamb weaning weights were higher (P < 0.001) in NOV (13.6 kg) compared with MAR (11.9 kg) and JUL (11.4 kg) mating. Data suggest that dual flock, accelerated mating of landrace hair sheep ewes can produce lamb cohorts of similar size in 4 mo intervals under a low-input, forage-based production system.

Performance of lambs from three crossbred ewe types

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Cameron ◽  
C. Smith ◽  
F. K. Deeble
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Second Stage

ABSTRACTThe performance of predominantly Suffolk-sired lambs from Border Leicester (BL), Bluefaced Leicester (BFL) and ABRO Damline (DL) crossbred ewes was compared on 18 commercial and college farms throughout England and Wales. The comparison took place over the 5-year period 1977 to 1981 and was the second stage in a comparative study on the productivity of the crossbred ewes. A total of 1277 crossbred ewes were involved with data on up to 3 years lambings per ewe, giving a total of 3522 mating records and 4864 lamb records.The BFL lambs were heaviest and the DL lambs were lightest. The DL lambs had the lowest survival rates, and the BFL lambs the highest. The BFL lambs were slaughtered earlier (12 days) and at heavier weights (1·4 kg) than the DL and BL lambs, and had slightly heavier carcasses. The DL and BFL carcasses had better MLC carcass classifications than the BL, resulting in an advantage of 4 p/kg of carcass.In productivity per ewe, the BFL litters had the highest slaughter and carcass weights and the highest income per litter, with the DL litters intermediate. An attempt was made to express productivity per unit of sheep weight maintained, taking account of ewe weight, litter size and the lamb slaughter date. On this index, the DL were marginally superior to the BFL, and both were superior to the BL.

scholarly journals Akkaraman Koyunlarında Gebeliği Son Döneminde Yapılan Ek Yemlemenin Kuzularda Doğum ve Çeşitli Dönemlerdeki Canlı Ağırlıklar Üzerine Etkisi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Emre Şirin ◽  
Ümit Uçan ◽  
Uğur Şen ◽  
Ercan Soydan
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Birth Type

This study was carried out to determine of effect of supplemental feeding during the late gestation on birth and other weights of lambs from Akkaraman sheep breed raised in Kırşehir. Data were collected from 554 Akkaraman lambs from 580 Akkaraman sheep which were born during 2015 birth season. Akkaraman sheep were divided into two groups. Wheat straw is given to both groups during pregnancy. Supplemental feeding group group (EYG), was given to concentrated feed supplement (400 g/animal) in addition to wheat straw during the last gestation period. Control group (KG) was given only wheat straw during pregnancy. In this study, the live weights, survival rates of the lambs in various periods and reproductive traits of Akkaraman ewes were investigated. The averages of reproductive traits of Akkarman sheep such as sterility, fertility, twins, abortion, fecundity and litter size in EYG and KG groups were %12, %9, %86, %91, %13, %5, %2, %0, 0.96, 0.95 and 1.12, 1.04, respectively. The survival rates of lambs on 90th days and 150th days in EYG and KG groups were determined as 84, 80% and 91, 91%, respectively. The means of the birth, 90 and 150. days age live weights in EYG and KG groups were found as 5.82±0.06 kg, 30.94±0.44 kg, 34.47±0.44 kg and 3.43±0.04 kg, 30.17±0.04 kg, 30.96±0.38 kg respectively. The effects of supplemental feeding, sex and birth type were found to be significant on the 120. days age on birth and live weights of sheep. The effects of birth type were found to be significant on the 90. days age live weights of sheep. As a result, supplemental feeding during the late gestation are increased live weights.

scholarly journals EVALUASI REPRODUKSI INDUK KELINCI NEW ZEALAND PADA BERBAGAI PARITAS (Studi Kasus di UD. Alastika Jaya Desa Tulungrejo Kecamatan Gandusari Kabupaten Blitar)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Iva Mardiani Fatimah ◽  
Nita Opi Ari kustanti ◽  
Edya Moelia Moeis
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Size At Birth

The aim of this study is to find out reproctive performance of New Zealand doe in UD. Alastika Jaya. This study use 35 of 51 doe population as the sample and field survey to take primary and secondary data from observation and interview as the research method.  The result of observation and data analysis of study indicate that average value of service per conception (S/C), long of days open, gap of bred after whelped, interval of birth, litter size at birth, and litter size at weaning in a row is 2,17+0,57, 33,33+16,56 days, 32,6+22,14 days, 65,67+16,54 days, 6,65+2,54 kits, dan 4,24+2,05 kits

Postpartum anoestrous interval in first-lactation beef and dairy-beef crossbred cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hickson ◽  
R. L. Laven ◽  
N. Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
S. T. Morris
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Friesian Cows

In New Zealand, beef-breeding cows are required to wean a calf every year, and the weight of calf at weaning is a major driver of the efficiency of the breeding cow. Weaning weight can be increased by increasing milk yield of the cow such as by incorporating dairy breed genetics into the breeding cows, and by having early born calves which are, therefore, older at weaning. This experiment examined postpartum anoestrous interval and pregnancy rate to rebreeding in 109 beef-breed and beef-cross-dairy breed first-lactation cows suckling their own calves. Cows with a Jersey component had a shorter postpartum anoestrous interval than cows without (90 versus 97–101 days; P < 0.05). Pregnancy rates after 42 days of joining with bulls were 83–97% for straight-bred Angus, Angus-cross-Friesian, Angus-cross-Jersey and Angus-cross-Kiwicross (Friesian-cross-Jersey) cows, but only 41% for straight-bred Friesian cows (P < 0.05). For every day younger heifers reached puberty, postpartum anoestrous interval was reduced by 0.07 ± 0.02 days (P < 0.01) indicating that age at puberty could be used as a predictor of subsequent fertility. The Jersey-component cows offered advantages in fertility traits and may be worthwhile incorporating into beef-breeding cow herds.

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