Age, Sex and Season: Factors which Determine the Trap Response of the European Wild Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Daly
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Wild Rabbit ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Probability Of Capture

Factors determining the trap-response of the rabbit, investigated in a natural population at Urana, N.S.W., included the age and the sex of the rabbit and the season in which it was trapped. Differences were also observed between rabbits living in two adjacent habitats. Mark-recapture data, derived from 52 trips undertaken over 30 months, did not show a uniform probability of capture within the adult population. Adult rabbits were most trappable when they were not breeding (late summer to midwinter); at this time males and females were equally trappable but individual differences were noted. During the breeding season all adults were difficult to trap, males more so than females. Trappability increased with age in young rabbits and declined at sexual maturity. Trap-response was random with respect to the animal's genotype as determined by four polymorphic enzyme loci. Markrecapture- analysis is unlikely to be an accurate means of estimating the parameters of rabbit populations; full enumeration of the population is necessary.

Reproduction in the Ningbing Antechinus (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) - Field and Laboratory Observations

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Males And Females

The ningbing antechinus is a species of small dasyurid marsupial found in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Observations on reproduction have been made on newly captured and laboratory maintained specimens. The breeding season is short and mating occurs in June. The young are born after a long gestation, estimated to be between 45 and 52 days, in late July and early August. They are weaned in November when about 16 weeks old and they reach sexual maturity at 10-11 months, in the first breeding season after birth. Both males and females are potentially capable of breeding in a second season.

Studies on the marsupial glider, Schoinobates volans (Kerr) I. Reproduction

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
RFC Smith
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Second Year

Field data were obtained during the period September 1962-January 1965 from 710 greater gliders, S. volans, in a natural population. Histological changes were observed in the reproductive tracts of another 129 animals shot during this period. S. volans has a short breeding season in March, April, and May, after which involution of the reproductive organs occurs in both sexes. The species is monovular and polyoestrous. Sexual maturity is attained by both sexes in the second year, following which breeding probably occurs annually. The female reproductive system shows several primitive and anomalous features, among which is the retention of the Wolffian ducts in the adult. The histology of ovaries, uteri, and vaginae at various stages of the reproductive cycle is briefly described.

Asynchronous spermatogenesis and biennial female cycle of the viviparous lizard Phymaturus antofagastensis (Liolaemidae): reproductive responses to high altitudes and temperate climate of Catamarca, Argentina

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Ibargüengoytía ◽  
Jorgelina Boretto
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

AbstractThis paper studies minimum SVL at sexual maturity, sexual dimorphism, operational sex ratio, male and female reproductive cycles, and litter size of viviparous Phymaturus antofagastensis, a species living at high altitude in the temperate climate of Catamarca, Argentina. Males reached sexual maturity at 90 mm, and females at 79 mm. Adult males attained significantly larger body size and head width than adult females. Histological analysis showed asynchrony in spermatogenesis timing among males and spermatozoa storage in epididymis throughout the reproductive season (spring to early autumn). Females showed a biennial reproductive cycle taking at least one activity season to perform either vitellogenesis or pregnancy. Brood size resulted in two offspring, a condition similar to other species of the genus, with births occurring in late summer. The reproductive cycle of Phymaturus antofagastensis shows a new response in males and females to harsh environments characterized by short activity seasons, long hibernation periods and large daily and seasonal thermal fluctuations.

Leptospiral Infection in Common Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus Vulpecula) From Lowland Podocarp/Mixed Hardwood Forest in New Zealand.

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Cowan ◽  
DK Blackmore ◽  
RB Marshall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Males And Females

A survey of 261 common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) from New Zealand lowland podocarp/mixed hardwood forest showed 34% of possums with antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica, 35% with antibodies to serovar hardjo, and isolation of balcanica leptospires from 23% of kidney cultures. One possum showed a titre to serovar ballum, leptospires of which were subsequently isolated in culture. Seroprevalences and isolation rates were similar in mature males and females, and increased with age. Sexually immature possums were rarely infected, but recently matured animals had significant rates of infection. Seroprevalence was elevated during the breeding season, suggesting that primary infections were generally acquired in association with sexual maturity and mating. There was no significant association between prevalence of infection and genotype, based on 8 polymorphic proteins. Infection had no significant effect on various indices of possum condition. In their response to infection, possums displayed characteristics typical of a maintenance host.

scholarly journals Intra-uterine mortality of the wild rabbit, oryctolagus cuniculus (L.)

1942 ◽  
Vol 130 (861) ◽  
pp. 462-479 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Wild Rabbit ◽  
Initial Size ◽  
Class A ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Geometrical Progression

The paper deals with a sample of 185 pregnant rabbits obtained in Caernarvonshire between February and July 1941 inclusive, during the height of the breeding season. The intra-uterine mortality was estimated by comparison of the number of corpora lutea in the ovaries with the number of healthy embryos in the uteri. By grouping the data according to the stage of development of the embryos, it is shown that between 42 and 56% of all litters are lost before the 20th day of gestation. This enormous mortality occurs chiefly on the 11th and 12th days of gestation, after implantation and when the placenta is already well established. Analysis of the mortality according to the initial size of litter shows that the proportion of litters showing loss increases with the initial size of the litter in the form of a geometrical progression. In almost every litter-size class a relatively large number of litters were observed in which all the embryos were reabsorbing. The mortality, whether represented by the percentage of animals showing loss or by the percentage of ova lost, also varies according to ( a ) whether the animals are, or are not, lactating, ( b ) the cleaned body weight of the mother, and ( c ) the month. These variations are, however, fully accounted for by variations in the frequencies of the initial size of litter.

High-arctic lemmings, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus. II. Demography

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Fuller ◽  
A. M. Martell ◽  
R. F. C. Smith ◽  
S. W. Speller
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Devon Island ◽  
Dicrostonyx Groenlandicus ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Old Females

Captures of Dicrostonyx groenlandicus on northeastern Devon Island peaked in 1969 and 1973, were higher than expected in 1971, and were minimal (< 5 per 1000 trap-nights) in 1970 and 1972. Captures declined from July to August in at least five of seven summers and may have declined in a 6th year (1973). No change was detected in 1972. Body size was maximal in 1973 for mature and immature males and females and for all pelage (=age?) classes. Sexual maturity was delayed, at least in males, in 1973. Wintering females conceive under the snow in May and the litter is weaned at the normal time of snowmelt. Two other summer cohorts are produced by surviving old females and early maturing females of the first litters. None of the late summer cohort matures before the onset of winter. No female examined bore more than two summer litters. Mean summer litter size was 5.7 with no significant variation between years. Mean sex ratio was 50.3% male. It is suggested that density-related effects ought to occur in winter, rather than summer, but evidence on this point is equivocal. Arctic adaptations of D. groenlandicus are discussed.

Observations on the dispersal of the European rabbit flea, Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale), through a natural population of wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Williams ◽  
I Parer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
Previous Suggestion ◽  
Rabbit Population ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Time Away

The dispersal of the European rabbit flea, S. cuniculi, through a population of wild rabbits in a 550-acre enclosure was studied. It took 18 months (June 1968 until November 1969), and two rabbit breeding seasons before S, cuniculi was found throughout the population. The number of fleas observed on individual rabbits was much higher during each rabbit bieeding season than in the non-breeding periods. In most cases, the spread of fleas into the various social groups of rabbits occurred during the rabbit breeding season, and appeared to take the form of fleas from an infested group of rabbits being dispersed to a neighbouring uninfested one. This dispersal of S, cuniculi coincided with the dispersal of juvenile rabbits, which were most heavily infested with rabbit fleas at the end of each rabbit breeding season. Three instances of fleas being dispersed to non-neighbouring social groups of rabbits were observed, and these occurred between the 1968 and 1969 rabbit breeding seasons. It is possible that in these cases the fleas were introduced by the dispersal of adult rabbits from warrens infested with S, cuniculi. The data support a previous suggestion that these fleas, on a non-breeding rabbit population, spend most of their time away from the host. in the rabbit burrows.

Attachment and Field Dependence: Individual Differences in Information Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Vermigli ◽  
Alessandro Toni
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measure Field

The present research analyzes the relationship between attachment styles at an adult age and field dependence in order to identify possible individual differences in information processing. The “Experience in Close Relationships” test of Brennan et al. was administered to a sample of 380 individuals (160 males, 220 females), while a subsample of 122 subjects was given the Embedded Figure Test to measure field dependence. Confirming the starting hypothesis, the results have shown that individuals with different attachment styles have a different way of perceiving the figure against the background. Ambivalent and avoidant individuals lie at the two extremes of the same dimension while secure individuals occupy the central part. Significant differences also emerged between males and females.

Observation on the breeding biology of Polypedates teraiensis (Dubois, 1987) (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Jacinta Lalchhanhimi ◽  
Lalremsanga H.T.
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Males And Females

The breeding biology of tree frog, Polypedates teraiensis was studied during the breeding season at Mizoram University Campus. It was found that sound production by male during the breeding season was primarily a reproductive function and advertisement calls attract females to the breeding areas and announce other males that a given territory is occupied. The aim of this study was to provide the detailed information on the breeding behaviour and the advertisement calls of Polypedates teraiensis. The morphometric measurements of the amplecting pairs (males and females) for sexual dimorphism along with clutch sizes were also studied.

Sex ratio and life history traits at reaching sexual maturity in the dioecious shrub Fuchsia parviflora: field and common garden experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Ambriz ◽  
Clementina González ◽  
Eduardo Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Abstract Fuchsia parviflora is a dioecious shrub that depends on biotic pollination for reproduction. Previous studies suggest that the male plants produce more flowers, and male-biased sex ratios have been found in some natural populations. To assess whether the biased sex ratios found between genders in natural populations are present at the point at which plants reach sexual maturity, and to identify possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction, we performed a common garden experiment. Finally, to complement the information of the common garden experiment, we estimated the reproductive biomass allocation between genders in one natural population. Sex ratios at reaching sexual maturity in F. parviflora did not differ from 0.5, except in one population, which was the smallest seedling population. We found no differences between genders in terms of the probability of germination or flowering. When flowering began, female plants were taller than males and the tallest plants of both genders required more time to reach sexual maturity. Males produced significantly more flowers than females, and the number of flowers increased with plant height in both genders. Finally, in the natural population studied, the investment in reproductive biomass was seven-fold greater in female plants than in male plants. Our results showed no evidence of possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction. Despite the fact that female plants invest more in reproductive biomass, they were taller than the males after flowering, possibly at the expense of herbivory defence.

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