Tracking non-native vertebrate species: indicator design for the United States of America

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Meyerson ◽  
Richard Engeman ◽  
Robin O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
National Scale ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
And Control ◽  
National Environmental

Basic information on the distribution, spread and impacts of non-native species in the USA is not available to those who shape national environmental policy. Although the USA spends billions of dollars annually on introduced species research, monitoring and control efforts, only a limited number of government agencies or private institutions are able to provide definitive reports on more than a handful of these species at a national scale. Research on invasive species is only of marginal practical value if the information cannot be succinctly and effectively transmitted to those who determine the management policies, budgets and objectives. To remedy this situation, a national-scale approach for monitoring established non-native species has been developed under the auspices of the Heinz Center as part of ‘The State of the Nation’s Ecosystems’ project. This paper specifically describes the strategies for reporting on indicators for non-native vertebrate species developed through inputs by experts from academia, industry, environmental organisations and government.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOUNTING AND INTERNAL CONTROL FOR THE NATIONAL LAND SYSTEM OF THE USA

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-213
Author(s):  
Michael P. Schoderbek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Governmental Accounting ◽  
Land System ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Control

This paper examines the early accounting practices that were used to administer the United States' national land system. These practices are of significance because they provide insights on early governmental accounting and they facilitated an orderly settlement of the western territories. The analysis focuses on the record-keeping and control practices that were developed to meet the provisions of the Land Act of 1800 and to account for land office transactions. These accounting procedures were extracted from the correspondence between the Department of the Treasury and the various land officers.

scholarly journals Landslides across the USA: occurrence, susceptibility, and data limitations

Landslides ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2271-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Mirus ◽  
Eric S. Jones ◽  
Rex L. Baum ◽  
Jonathan W. Godt ◽  
Stephen Slaughter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Digital Elevation Data ◽  
Landslide Mapping

Abstract Detailed information about landslide occurrence is the foundation for advancing process understanding, susceptibility mapping, and risk reduction. Despite the recent revolution in digital elevation data and remote sensing technologies, landslide mapping remains resource intensive. Consequently, a modern, comprehensive map of landslide occurrence across the United States (USA) has not been compiled. As a first step toward this goal, we present a national-scale compilation of existing, publicly available landslide inventories. This geodatabase can be downloaded in its entirety or viewed through an online, searchable map, with parsimonious attributes and direct links to the contributing sources with additional details. The mapped spatial pattern and concentration of landslides are consistent with prior characterization of susceptibility within the conterminous USA, with some notable exceptions on the West Coast. Although the database is evolving and known to be incomplete in many regions, it confirms that landslides do occur across the country, thus highlighting the importance of our national-scale assessment. The map illustrates regions where high-quality mapping has occurred and, in contrast, where additional resources could improve confidence in landslide characterization. For example, borders between states and other jurisdictions are quite apparent, indicating the variation in approaches to data collection by different agencies and disparity between the resources dedicated to landslide characterization. Further investigations are needed to better assess susceptibility and to determine whether regions with high relief and steep topography, but without mapped landslides, require further landslide inventory mapping. Overall, this map provides a new resource for accessing information about known landslides across the USA.

Perceiving the effects of scale on command and control: A conceptual metaphor approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Tony McAleavy, BA (Hons), MSc, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Command And Control ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Golden Thread ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

Objective: This study investigates emergency manager’s perceptions of Command and Control to answer the question “how do emergency managers metaphorically interpret Command and Control?”Design: An interpretivist paradigm, verbatim transcription, and content and linguistic metaphor analysis were used within this study.Setting: Fifteen interviews per country, three per selected organization were conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States of America.Subjects: Purposive sampling identified suitable participants from key organizations engaged in emergency management at local, subnational, and national levels.Interventions: The study consisted of 30 semi-structured face-to-face interviews conducted within the work-place.Main Outcome Measure(s): The inductive and qualitative nature of the study resulted in a 300,000-word corpus of data from which the two posited theories emerged.Results: The UK Gold, Silver, Bronze model and the USA Incident Command System were considered tried and tested although they are conceptually misunderstood. Moreover, they are believed to be essential, scalable, and flexible. Able to manage the perceived chaos of increasing scales of disaster which contradicts the existing literature.Conclusions: Two conceptual metaphors are theorized to create flexible learning tools that challenge the entrenched nature of these findings. Command and Control as a Candle demonstrates the effects of increasing disaster scale on systemic efficacy. Command and Control as a Golden Thread illustrates problems caused by time, distance, resource depletion, and infrastructure degradation. These tools engender deeper more critical perspectives by linking theory to practice through metaphor to engender perceptual change.

scholarly journals The utilization of project risk monitoring and control practices and their relationship with project success in construction projects

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Christopher Obondi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Project Success ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Project Risk ◽  
Risk Monitoring ◽  
And Control

Risk monitoring and control is often poorly implemented in construction projects because of a failure to monitor and manage identified risks. Construction companies experience significant losses due to project managers' lack of project risk monitoring and control in construction projects. Most studies have concentrated on risk identification, risk assessment, and risk analysis processes while neglecting crucial risk management processes of risk control, risk monitoring, and risk response. The lack of research on these three crucial processes highlights a gap in the literature concerning how these processes can increase the delivery of successful projects. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the utilization of project risk monitoring and control practices was related to project success in construction projects in the United States. An electronic survey instrument was used to collect data from a sample of 50 construction project managers in the Dallas-Fort Worth area in the state of Texas, in the United States. Spearman rho correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between project risk monitoring and control practices and project success. The results of this study indicated that all project risk monitoring and control practices, including risk reassessment, risk audits, contingency reserves analysis, and risk status meetings, were significantly and positively related to project success in construction projects. One of the recommendations presented in this study was that future research should conduct the same study in developing countries to see if the study’s findings remain the same and generalizable. The study concluded that construction organizations should regularly consider the importance and usage of project risk monitoring and control practices and apply them to improve the success rate of a project.

Nelson v. Saudi Arabia

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-560
Author(s):  
Matias A. Vega
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
The United States ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
King Faisal Specialist Hospital ◽  
Employment Agreement ◽  
Monitoring And Control Systems ◽  
And Control

While in the United States, Scott Nelson saw a printed advertisement recruiting employees for the King Faisal Specialist Hospital (Hospital) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The recruitment was conducted by an independent corporation, Hospital Corporation of America (HCA), which had contracted with Saudi Arabia to recruit employees for the Hospital. Nelson submitted an application, was interviewed by Hospital officials in Saudi Arabia, returned to the United States, and signed an employment agreement in Miami, Florida. As a monitoring systems engineer, he was responsible for electronic monitoring and control systems capabilities and the modification of existing equipment and installation of new equipment.

scholarly journals Discard ban and balanced harvest: a contradiction?

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1632-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Borges ◽  
Luis Cocas ◽  
Kåre Nolde Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Fishery Management ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Harvest Strategy ◽  
And Control

AbstractDiscard bans have been proposed as part of management policies aimed at balanced harvest (BH). Nationwide discard bans exist in several countries, including Chile, the European Union, Norway, and New Zealand. We analysed experiences from these countries to determine whether or not discard bans are in contradiction with BH, based on six aspects: policy objectives, species/sizes applicability, accompanying technical measures, at-sea monitoring and control, and possible impacts. When discard bans are fully implemented, fishing operations change to more selective fishing, typically targeting bigger individuals of main commercial species. This is consistent with the primary objective of many discard policies, i.e. to reduce unwanted catch. In contrast, proponents of BH argue that broader catch diversity, a product of a widespread harvest strategy, should be sought to avoid major impacts on the ecosystem. Our analysis demonstrates that the scope of discard bans is often limited to main commercial species, although usually they can be extended to include more ecosystem components. Some of the policies examined also prohibit the use of unwanted catches for human consumption, thus limiting their effective use. However, the implementation of discard bans requires high levels of at-sea monitoring and effective control, and/or strong incentives to fish more selectively, neither of which applied in most cases examined. We conclude that if discard bans were set differently, they could contribute to fishery management policies aiming at BH. Their goals should be in line with BH, i.e. to reach a wider global harvest pattern, or at least be established within management regimes that promote high compliance. Finally, the extent to which a discard ban contributes to achieve BH depends also on the relative importance of the ecosystem benthic and megafauna components.

scholarly journals 2.1. USING TAKSONOMY XBRL IN ACCOUNTING, ANALYTICAL AND CONTROL PROCEDURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
К.Ю. Бурцева
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Business Reporting ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Internal Standardization ◽  
And Control

В исследовании изучены возможности применения технологий XBRL в учетном, аналитическом и контрольном инструментарии. Спецификации XBRL предоставляют собой технические аспекты создания документов для применения их пользователями в Интернете, также таксономии XRBL могут использоваться для улучшения функций и аппарата контроля, на их основе представляется возможным создание комплексной системы контроля, функционирующей на всех уровнях иерархии организации и во всех сферах ответственности. В статье изучены возможности применения технологий XBRL в различных аспектах деятельности организации. Исследован опыт компании Fujitsu, внедрившей XBRL во многих филиалах своей компании по всему миру, используя XML и XBRL для собственной внутренней стандартизации и отчетности. Выделены преимущества применения XBRL для целей документирования и представления информации о внутреннем контроле. Предложено использовать опыт зарубежных компаний для повышения прозрачности отчетности, эффективности мониторинга аспектов управления и контроля, также рекомендовано разрабатывать и внедрять таксономию XBRL корпоративного управления, которая согласуется с таксономиями финансовой отчетности для сбора нефинансовой информации о компании, касающейся политики управления, прав и обязанностей акционеров, информации о директорах. Стандартизация бизнес-отчетности с применением технологий XBRL поможет обеспечить прозрачность для инвесторов и кредиторов, облегчая функций мониторинга и контроля для регуляторных и надзорных органов. The study examined the possibilities of using XBRL technologies in accounting, analytical and control tools. XBRL specifications provide the technical aspects of creating documents for use by users on the Internet, XRBL taxonomies can also be used to improve control functions, it seems possible to create a comprehensive control system that operates at all levels of the organization hierarchy and in all areas of responsibility. The article explores the possibilities of using XBRL technology in various aspects of the organization. The experience of Fujitsu, which has implemented XBRL in many branches of its company around the world, using XML and XBRL for its own internal standardization and reporting, is examined. The advantages of using XBRL for documenting and reporting internal control information are highlighted. It is proposed to use the experience of foreign companies to increase transparency of reporting, monitor the effectiveness of management and control aspects, it is also recommended to develop and implement a corporate governance XBRL taxonomy, which is consistent with the taxonomy of financial reporting to collect non-financial information about the company regarding management policies, rights and obligations of shareholders, information about directors. Standardizing business reporting with XBRL technology will help ensure transparency for investors and lenders by facilitating monitoring and control functions for regulators and supervisors.

First national-scale reconnaissance of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams across the USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Hladik ◽  
Dana W. Kolpin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Stream Transport

Environmental context Neonicotinoids are under increased scrutiny because they have been implicated in pollinator declines and, more recently, as potential aquatic toxicants. Nevertheless, there is currently little information on concentrations of multiple neonicotinoids in surface water. This paper presents a summary of concentrations of six neonicotinoids in streams from across the United States in both urban and agricultural areas. These environmental data are important in determining the potential risk of neonicotinoids to non-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Abstract To better understand the fate and transport of neonicotinoid insecticides, water samples were collected from streams across the United States. In a nationwide study, at least one neonicotinoid was detected in 53% of the samples collected, with imidacloprid detected most frequently (37%), followed by clothianidin (24%), thiamethoxam (21%), dinotefuran (13%), acetamiprid (3%) and thiacloprid (0%). Clothianidin and thiamethoxam concentrations were positively related to the percentage of the land use in cultivated crop production and imidacloprid concentrations were positively related to the percentage of urban area within the basin. Additional sampling was also conducted in targeted research areas to complement these national-scale results, including determining: (1) neonicotinoid concentrations during elevated flow conditions in an intensely agricultural region; (2) temporal patterns of neonicotinoids in heavily urbanised basins; (3) neonicotinoid concentrations in agricultural basins in a nationally important ecosystem; and (4) in-stream transport of neonicotinoids near a wastewater treatment plant. Across all study areas, at least one neonicotinoid was detected in 63% of the 48 streams sampled.

scholarly journals Current Status of Forest Health Policy in the United States

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gandhi ◽  
Campbell ◽  
Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
And Control

ederal policies related to forestry and forest health (specifically, insects and diseases) have the potential to affect management practices, terms of international and interstate trade, and long-term sustainability and conservation. Our objectives were to review existing federal policies, the role of federal agencies in managing forest health, and guidance for future policy efforts. Since the 1940s, various federal policies relevant to forest health have been established, and several US Department of Agriculture (USDA) agencies have been empowered to assist with prevention, quarantine, detection, management, and control of insects and diseases. Overall, our review showed that relatively few national policies directly address forest health as a stand-alone objective, as most of them are embedded within forestry bills. Federal funding for forest health issues and the number of personnel dedicated to such issues have declined dramatically for some agencies. Concomitantly, native species continue to gain pestiferous status while non-native species continue to establish and cause impacts in the US. To enhance our ability and capacity to deal with current and future threats, concerted efforts are needed to advocate for both resources and stand-alone policy tools that take seriously the complexity of emerging sustainability challenges in both private and public forestlands.

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