Assessing detection probabilities for the endangered growling grass frog (Litoria raniformis) in southern Victoria

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey W. Heard ◽  
Peter Robertson ◽  
Michael P. Scroggie
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Detection Probabilities

Assessment of the efficacy of survey techniques for determining species occurrence is crucial for the validation of wildlife survey data. We analysed repeated site-survey data for adults and larvae of the growling grass frog (Litoria raniformis) in order to estimate probabilities of detection for the species using alternative survey techniques. The estimated probability of detecting adults of L. raniformis at occupied sites using diurnal searches was much less than 1.0 (0.107; 95% credible interval: 0.045, 0.192). The estimated probability of detecting adults using nocturnal spotlight searches was considerably higher, but still less than 1.0 (0.696; 95% credible interval: 0.585, 0.796). These results indicate that nocturnal searches are a much more efficient and reliable means of detecting the presence of adult L. raniformis than diurnal searches, but detection using either technique is less than certain. The probability of detecting tadpoles of L. raniformis using either funnel-trapping or dip-netting techniques was estimated at 0.350 (95% credible interval: 0.151, 0.567). Together, these results indicate that reliance on single-site visits during surveys for this species is likely to result in severe under-estimation of the proportion of sites that are actually occupied. We urge other workers to use repeated site-survey data and appropriate methods of data analysis to assess and report probabilities of detection when documenting the results of wildlife surveys.

scholarly journals EM Site A.C. Magnetic Field Sources, Surveys and Solutions Part V : Solutions!

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Curt Dunnam
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Active Shielding ◽  
Lower Site ◽  
Shielding Methods

This month's installment completes our primer series on magnetic fields by defining conditions where remedial EM site shielding is in fact technically feasible and by illustrating examples of both passive and active shielding methods (or attaining lower site fields. For those readers who may have missed one or more previous articles, we have thus far presented some basic physics describing magnetic source fields [Microscopy Today, November, 1995), examined magnetic survey equipment and methods relevant to EM interference thresholds (Ml, January, 1996), and, in Part IV (“Survey Data Analysis”, MT, May, 1996), suggested techniques for interpretation of typical EM site survey data.

Archaeological Site Survey: Some Sociocultural Perspectives

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Larry L. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Sociocultural Perspectives ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Basically, this paper concentrates on two major ideas: 1) archaeologists have not utilized informants as much as they could or perhaps should in site survey; and, 2) the use of serious amateur archaeologists as sources of information on sites and site locations may be more efficient and effective than traditional site survey techniques that tend to emphasize only on-ground visitations. The paper stresses the idea that survey results can be improved upon given the development of increased sensitivity to the social/cultural environment in which the survey is to be undertaken and by broadening survey skills to encompass the identification, locating and interviewing of local informants.

scholarly journals Quality of Life among Bangladeshi Youth during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single-site Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 100157
Author(s):  
Somaresh Kumar Mondal ◽  
Abdul Gaffar Khan ◽  
Md. Mamun Ali ◽  
Mir Kaosar Ahamed ◽  
Kawsar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Site Survey

Investigating the Effectiveness of Techniques Used in Assessing the Integrity of Non-Piggable Pipelines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio G. J. Achterbosch ◽  
Gerard A. J. Stallenberg
Keyword(s):  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Detection Probabilities ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Coating Defect

A substantial part of the high pressure gastransport network of Gastransport Services as part of N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie in the Netherlands is not piggable. It is therefore foreseen that an ECDA approach including coating survey techniques, CP measurements and bell hole excavations, will be implemented to establish the integrity of these non-piggable lines. In order to get a better understanding of the performance of some techniques for our specific situation, a test program was carried out on a pipeline of 33 kilometres with a diameter of 8” and bitumenous coating, constructed in the sixties. DCVG, Pearson and a combination of CIPS and Pearson (CIPP) were tested in combination with 3 MFL intelligent pigruns, current attenuation measurements by the Stray Current Mapper (SCM) and bell hole excavations. Initial results for the three coating survey techniques showed that the detection probabilities for a coating defect ranged from 18% to 68% under the assumption that no false calls were generated. Using results from repeat measurements and taking into account the possibility of false calls, the detection probabilities increased to potential maximum values of 48% to 94%. Better estimations of the values could be obtained after verification of some indications from CIPP, leading to maximum values in the range of 70% to 84% for the best two techniques. Additional measurements at pre-selected locations by means of pipe-to-soil-potentials and pin-current measurements did not indicate active corrosion. Verification excavations at 14 locations indicated that in all situations a coating defect existed and that mild general corrosion was present in eight situations due to the very aggressive soil (soil resistances of several Ωm’s were measured). Current attenuation measurements by the SCM suggested a uniform distribution of coating quality. The results from the three intelligent pigruns were of relatively little use because of the detection threshold of 15% wall thickness and the fact that the suppliers often did not agree on the interpretation of metal loss. Therefore the results could not be considered to be an absolute true reference for relating the coating defects to. Although the results of the program gave very valuable insight into the characteristics of the different techniques it is recognized that not all results can be translated to other circumstances/pipelines. Therefore additional tests and surveys will be carried out in the coming year(s) to further work out the ECDA procedure for the specific situation of the non-piggable pipelines of Gastransport Services.

scholarly journals Housework Division and Perceived Fairness: The Importance of Comparison Referents

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzo Carriero ◽  
Lorenzo Todesco
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
Probabilistic Sample ◽  
Vignette Analysis

A long-standing theoretical tradition underlines the importance of comparison referents for fairness evaluation, i.e., people, experiences and expectations that individuals choose to compare with their own situation. However, few studies on perceived fairness of housework division have measured and tested comparison referents, partly because of the lack of suitable data. Moreover, findings were sometimes mixed because small convenience samples were used. Previous literature also neglected the distortive effects of self-serving bias in the choice of referents. This study, conducted in an Italian context, seeks to overcome these limitations by using a probabilistic sample and two different designs: a survey data analysis and an experimental-vignette technique which avoids the distortions of self-serving bias. The survey's findings reveal that the effects of comparison referents are strong and in line with expectations, though limited to the domestic behavior of male referents. Moreover, unfavorable comparisons have a stronger effect on perceived fairness than favorable ones. The vignette analysis indicates that comparison referents affect perceived housework fairness even if the effect of self-serving bias is controlled for.

scholarly journals Analysis of German BSE Surveillance Data: Estimation of the Prevalence of Confirmed Cases versus the Number of Infected, but Non-Detected, Cattle to Assess Confidence in Freedom from Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 9966
Author(s):  
Matthias Greiner ◽  
Thomas Selhorst ◽  
Anne Balkema-Buschmann ◽  
Wesley O. Johnson ◽  
Christine Müller-Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Detection Probabilities ◽  
Freedom From Disease ◽  
Data Estimation

Quantitative risk assessments for Bovine pongiform ncephalopathy (BSE) necessitate estimates for key parameters such as the prevalence of infection, the probability of absence of infection in defined birth cohorts, and the numbers of BSE-infected, but non-detected cattle entering the food chain. We estimated three key parameters with adjustment for misclassification using the German BSE surveillance data using a Gompertz model for latent (i.e. unobserved) age-dependent detection probabilities and a Poisson response model for the number of BSE cases for birth cohorts 1999 to 2015. The models were combined in a Bayesian framework. We estimated the median true BSE prevalence between 3.74 and 0.216 cases per 100,000 animals for the birth cohorts 1990 to 2001 and observed a peak for the 1996 birth cohort with a point estimate of 16.41 cases per 100,000 cattle. For birth cohorts ranging from 2002 to 2013, the estimated median prevalence was below one case per 100,000 heads. The calculated confidence in freedom from disease (design prevalence 1 in 100,000) was above 99.5% for the birth cohorts 2002 to 2006. In conclusion, BSE surveillance in the healthy slaughtered cattle chain was extremely sensitive at the time, when BSE repeatedly occurred in Germany (2000–2009), because the entry of BSE-infected cattle into the food chain could virtually be prevented by the extensive surveillance program during these years and until 2015 (estimated non-detected cases/100.000 [95% credible interval] in 2000, 2009, and 2015 are 0.64 [0.5,0.8], 0.05 [0.01,0.14], and 0.19 [0.05,0.61], respectively).

scholarly journals KEPUTUSAN SUMBER PEMBELANJAAN PADA USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH (UMKM) SWALAYAN DI DESA MULYOAGUNG KECAMATAN DAU MALANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdimas Haidar Rahbany
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Considerable Cost ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Self Service ◽  
The Village ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The purpose of this study was to determine the source of funds used in the micro and small businesses in the village supermarket Mulyoagung District of DAU. The method used is the method of survey, data analysis is qualitative descriptive analysis based on primary and secondary data. Based on the results of a survey conducted by the researchers of the 10 self-service according to the class of micro enterprises in the village Mulyoagung DAU Malang, there is a 100% initial planning. the source of funds used for micro and small businesses in the supermarket, the source of funds used approximately 75.5% use their own capital due, which was developed in the supermarket business is already quite big and cost quite a lot. Supermarkets that require considerable cost using capital loans at the bank around 24.5% to run a business in this way could make more developed self.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document