Land Zoning Based on Fire History

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bovio ◽  
A Camia
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Fire Planning

An approach to land zoning for fire planning purposes through classification of geographical units referred to as Basic Units - in a multivariate context is proposed. The method, developed for large areas, employs a few statistics computed from historical fire data, that were selected with the aim of depicting a ''fire history profile'' of each Basic Unit. The statistics were chosen in order to describe different aspects, such as fire frequency, fire continuity, average and maximum area burned and average area spread rate of fires. Using the computed statistics as variables, the Basic Units can be aggregated with cluster analysis techniques and classes can be defined, each class of Basic Units representing a land zone with a specific mean fire history profile. Fire management decisions can be tailored according to the properties of clusters. The method was successfully applied for supporting fire management plans in two Regions of Northern Italy, where the Basic Units were chosen with an administrative criterion.

Response of a shrubland mammal and reptile community to a history of landscape-scale wildfire

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim S. Doherty ◽  
Robert A. Davis ◽  
Eddie J. B. van Etten ◽  
Neil Collier ◽  
Josef Krawiec
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Fire Exclusion ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
In Fire

Fire plays a strong role in structuring fauna communities and the habitat available to them in fire-prone regions. Human-mediated increases in fire frequency and intensity threaten many animal species and understanding how these species respond to fire history and its associated effect on vegetation is essential to effective biodiversity management. We used a shrubland mammal and reptile community in semiarid south-western Australia as a model to investigate interactions between fire history, habitat structure and fauna habitat use. Of the 15 species analysed, five were most abundant in recently burnt habitat (8–13 years since last fire), four were most abundant in long unburnt areas (25–50 years) and six showed no response to fire history. Fauna responses to fire history were divergent both within and across taxonomic groups. Fire management that homogenises large areas of habitat through either fire exclusion or frequent burning may threaten species due to these diverse requirements, so careful management of fire may be needed to maximise habitat suitability across the landscape. When establishing fire management plans, we recommend that land managers exercise caution in adopting species-specific information from different locations and broad vegetation types. Information on animal responses to fire is best gained through experimental and adaptive management approaches at the local level.

scholarly journals DEFINICIÓN DE LA ÉPOCA DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES EN UN CONTEXTO MULTIVARIADO

FLORESTA ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Pedro Ramos Rodríguez ◽  
Yudisnelvis González Menzonet
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Fire Statistics ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Forest Fire Management ◽  
Santiago De Cuba ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Del Rio

En este trabajo se presenta un acercamiento a la definición de la época de incendios forestales en un contexto multivariado como contribución a la planificación del manejo de los mismos. El método se basa en seleccionar las variables que expresen el comportamiento histórico de los incendios cada mes durante un periodo de años determinado. Entre estas variables se encuentran la densidad de incendios y la densidad de afectaciones, la media y la mediana del área quemada por incendio, el número de grandes incendios y la máxima área quemada por un incendio. Usando sistemas estadísticos pueden agruparse los meses con técnicas de análisis de cluster y la época de incendio puede ser definida. El método se aplicó en las provincias Santiago de Cuba y Pinar del Río, ubicadas en las regiones oriental y occidental de Cuba respectivamente. Se utilizaron estadísticas de incendios del periodo 1997 - 2002. DEFINITION OF THE FIRE SEASON IN A MULTIVARIATE CONTEXT Abstract In this work an approach to the definition of the fire season in a multivariate context is presented. It is a contribution to the forest fire management. The method is based on selecting the variables that express the fire history every month during a certain period of years. Among these variables there are the density of fires and the density of affectations, the mean and median of the area burned by fire, the number of big fires and the maximum area burned by a fire. To group the months is used the cluster analysis technical and it allows to define the fire season. The method was applied in the provinces of Santiago de Cuba and Pinar del Río, located in the regions oriental and western of Cuba respectively. Fire statistics from the period 1997/2002 were used.

Elliptical-fire perimeter- and area-intensity distributions

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 968-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Catchpole ◽  
M. E. Alexander ◽  
A. M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Shape Factor ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Ignition Point ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Elliptical Shape

Equations are presented for determining the proportion of the total perimeter and area burned for a simple elliptically shaped fire for any specified range of Byram's fireline intensities. The same principles apply to any characteristic that is dependent on fireline intensity. Only three inputs are required: head-fire intensity; the elliptical shape factor; and the backfire spread rate. This last quantity is not required if it is assumed that the ignition point is at one focus of the ellipse. The spatial distributions produced have potential application to fire management.

Reply—A re-examination of the effects of fire suppression in the boreal forest

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1467-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
P C Ward ◽  
A G Tithecott ◽  
B M Wotton
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Fire Size ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Return Interval ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northwestern Ontario

Ward and Tithecott (P.C. Ward and A.G. Tithecott. 1993. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Aviation, Flood and Fire Management Branch, Publ. 305) presented data that indicated fire suppression activities in Ontario led to reductions in average annual area burned and greater numbers of small fires, compared with what would have been observed in the absence of suppression. Miyanishi and Johnson (K. Miyanishi and E.A. Johnson. 2001. Can. J. For. Res. 31: 1462–1466) have questioned aspects of that report, suggesting that the evidence does not demonstrate that suppression influences fire size or frequency. Fire-history studies in Ontario's forests and recent fire disturbance records do show that the fire-return interval has lengthened considerably in Ontario's protected forest since pre-suppression times. Analysis of forest inventory age-class distributions also reflect a reduction in overall forest disturbance rates in the past 40 years. Average annual burn fractions (ABF) calculated for protected and unprotected forests in northwestern Ontario for the period 1976-2000 show an ABF of 1.11% in the unprotected forest and only 0.34% in the protected forest. There is clear evidence that fire suppression in Ontario contains many fires at small sizes that would have otherwise grown to larger sizes, and reduces the overall average annual area burned in the protected forest.

Historical reconstructions of California wildfires vary by data source

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra D. Syphard ◽  
Jon E. Keeley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
The State ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
California Department ◽  
Area Burned

Historical data are essential for understanding how fire activity responds to different drivers. It is important that the source of data is commensurate with the spatial and temporal scale of the question addressed, but fire history databases are derived from different sources with different restrictions. In California, a frequently used fire history dataset is the State of California Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP) fire history database, which circumscribes fire perimeters at a relatively fine scale. It includes large fires on both state and federal lands but only covers fires that were mapped or had other spatially explicit data. A different database is the state and federal governments’ annual reports of all fires. They are more complete than the FRAP database but are only spatially explicit to the level of county (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection – Cal Fire) or forest (United States Forest Service – USFS). We found substantial differences between the FRAP database and the annual summaries, with the largest and most consistent discrepancy being in fire frequency. The FRAP database missed the majority of fires and is thus a poor indicator of fire frequency or indicators of ignition sources. The FRAP database is also deficient in area burned, especially before 1950. Even in contemporary records, the huge number of smaller fires not included in the FRAP database account for substantial cumulative differences in area burned. Wildfires in California account for nearly half of the western United States fire suppression budget. Therefore, the conclusions about data discrepancies and the implications for fire research are of broad importance.

USING A CONTEXTUAL-COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH IN PREPARING FUTURE MANAGERS FOR INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Kuteneva
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Contextual Learning ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Student Activity ◽  
Communicative Approach ◽  
And Task ◽  
Professional Context

The article gives definitions of concepts: context, professional context, contextual learning, communicative approach, manager, management and intercultural communication. The classification of contexts is given. Types of professional context are indicated. The idea and principles of contextual learning are described. The basic unit of the content of education and the basic unit of student activity in contextual learning are considered. The implementation order and the idea of contextual learning are indicated. Learning models are listed. The requirements of contextual learning are described. The purpose of the communicative approach is indicated. A brief historiography of the communicative approach is considered. The main task, principles and advantage of the communicative approach are described. The points of genuine communicativeness in language teaching and the principles of a communicative approach are considered. The functions and roles of the manager in the organization are described, the qualities of the manager are listed. The object and task of management are indicated.

scholarly journals Using the Landsat Burned Area Products to Derive Fire History Relevant for Fire Management and Conservation in the State of Florida, Southeastern USA

Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Casey Teske ◽  
Melanie K. Vanderhoof ◽  
Todd J. Hawbaker ◽  
Joe Noble ◽  
John Kevin Hiers
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Burn Probability

Development of comprehensive spatially explicit fire occurrence data remains one of the most critical needs for fire managers globally, and especially for conservation across the southeastern United States. Not only are many endangered species and ecosystems in that region reliant on frequent fire, but fire risk analysis, prescribed fire planning, and fire behavior modeling are sensitive to fire history due to the long growing season and high vegetation productivity. Spatial data that map burned areas over time provide critical information for evaluating management successes. However, existing fire data have undocumented shortcomings that limit their use when detailing the effectiveness of fire management at state and regional scales. Here, we assessed information in existing fire datasets for Florida and the Landsat Burned Area products based on input from the fire management community. We considered the potential of different datasets to track the spatial extents of fires and derive fire history metrics (e.g., time since last burn, fire frequency, and seasonality). We found that burned areas generated by applying a 90% threshold to the Landsat burn probability product matched patterns recorded and observed by fire managers at three pilot areas. We then created fire history metrics for the entire state from the modified Landsat Burned Area product. Finally, to show their potential application for conservation management, we compared fire history metrics across ownerships for natural pinelands, where prescribed fire is frequently applied. Implications of this effort include increased awareness around conservation and fire management planning efforts and an extension of derivative products regionally or globally.

Wildfires in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains and their relationship to mid-tropospheric anomalies

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1213-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Johnson ◽  
D.R. Wowchuk
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Large Fire ◽  
Canadian Rocky Mountains ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Moisture Conditions

In this paper we present evidence for a large-scale (synoptic-scale) meteorological mechanism controlling the fire frequency in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. This large-scale control may explain the similarity in average fire frequencies and timing of change in average fire frequencies for the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Over the last 86 years the size distribution of fires (annual area burned) in the southern Canadian Rockies was distinctly bimodal, with a separation between small- and large-fire years at approximately 10–25 ha annual area burned. During the last 35 years, large-fire years had significantly lower fuel moisture conditions and many mid-tropospheric surface-blocking events (high-pressure upper level ridges) during July and August (the period of greatest fire activity). Small-fire years in this period exhibited significantly higher fuel moisture conditions and fewer persistent mid-tropospheric surface-blocking events during July and August. Mid-tropospheric surface-blocking events during large-fire years were teleconnected (spatially and temporally correlated in 50 kPa heights) to upper level troughs in the North Pacific and eastern North America. This relationship takes the form of the positive mode of the Pacific North America pattern.

Fire regime shift linked to increased forest density in a piñon–juniper savanna landscape

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis Q. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Regime Shift ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Fire

Piñon–juniper (PJ) fire regimes are generally characterised as infrequent high-severity. However, PJ ecosystems vary across a large geographic and bio-climatic range and little is known about one of the principal PJ functional types, PJ savannas. It is logical that (1) grass in PJ savannas could support frequent, low-severity fire and (2) exclusion of frequent fire could explain increased tree density in PJ savannas. To assess these hypotheses I used dendroecological methods to reconstruct fire history and forest structure in a PJ-dominated savanna. Evidence of high-severity fire was not observed. From 112 fire-scarred trees I reconstructed 87 fire years (1547–1899). Mean fire interval was 7.8 years for fires recorded at ≥2 sites. Tree establishment was negatively correlated with fire frequency (r=–0.74) and peak PJ establishment was synchronous with dry (unfavourable) conditions and a regime shift (decline) in fire frequency in the late 1800s. The collapse of the grass-fuelled, frequent, surface fire regime in this PJ savanna was likely the primary driver of current high tree density (mean=881treesha–1) that is >600% of the historical estimate. Variability in bio-climatic conditions likely drive variability in fire regimes across the wide range of PJ ecosystems.

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