Thinning Young Loblolly Pine Stands With Fire

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Wade
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stem Girdling

The relationship between fire-caused stem girdling and groundline diameter (GLD) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was determined. Results of 10 experimental prescribed bums conducted across a wide range of ambient temperature conditions during both the dormant and growing season demonstrate that low-intensity backing fires (< 346 KW/m) are an effective tool to eliminate loblolly pines less than 3.8 cm (1.5 in.) GLD. Wide differences in ambient temperature at time of burning did not affect stem kill of unscorched trees in this study. Virtually all fire-caused mortality took place within four months postburn. A predictive model that explained 92% of the variation in mortality was developed to facilitate the use of fire to thin young, overcrowded loblolly pine stands in the southeastern United States. Use of this model in conjunction with a preburn stand survey allows estimation of the number and distribution of survivors prior to ignition.

The relationship of tree height and crown class to the induced plant defenses of loblolly pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2090-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Paine ◽  
F. M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., were inoculated with a fungus associated with the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., at three heights to determine whether the trees responded to infection differently at each height. Loblolly pines responded to inoculation of this fungus by producing lesions of various dimensions. These were dissected and weighed. Lesions had the same weight at all three heights up the stem. However, the extent (or intensity) of reaction to fungal infection and wounding varied as a function of crown class of the tree. The influence of site quality on induced defenses may be assessed using this technique.

An Overcrowded Loblolly Pine Stand Thinned With Fire

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Henry McNab
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A low-intensity fire in a dense young stand of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the Piedmont of central Georgia reduced the number of stems by 65 percent. No tree larger than four inches in diameter at the groundline was killed. Thus, low-intensity fires may be beneficial in precommercially thinning young loblolly pine, but the technique should be considered only for stands with a wide range of diameters.

Response of Newly Planted Loblolly Pines to Herbicide and Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. McKee ◽  
Larry P. Wilhite
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Abstract In three separate studies on the Lower Atlantic Coastal Plain, sites were sheared, root-raked, and bedded, and phosphorus was applied. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were planted, and nitrogen fertilizer and preemergence herbicide were applied at several different times. In all three studies, loblolly pine responded positively in height, diameter, and aboveground biomass to herbicide applied in the spring following planting. Responses to nitrogen application were inconsistent. A pronounced increase in growth was found in only one study. There, a nitrogen and a herbicide treatment interacted to give a three-fold increase in aboveground seedling biomass after one growing season. The lack of response to nitrogen in the other two studies may be attributable to low rainfall in the spring after planting and mineralization of native nitrogen from soil organic matter. South. J. Appl. For. 12(1):33-36.

Nondestructive estimation of Pinus taeda L. wood properties for samples from a wide range of sites in Georgia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Jones ◽  
L R Schimleck ◽  
G F Peter ◽  
R F Daniels ◽  
A Clark III
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Preliminary studies based on small sample sets show that near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has the potential for rapidly estimating many important wood properties. However, if NIR is to be used operationally, then calibrations using several hundred samples from a wide variety of growing conditions need to be developed and their performance tested on samples from new populations. In this study, 120 Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) radial strips (cut from increment cores) representing 15 different sites from three physiographic regions in Georgia (USA) were characterized in terms of air-dry density, microfibril angle (MFA), and stiffness. NIR spectra were collected in 10-mm increments from the radial longitudinal surface of each strip and split into calibration (nine sites, 729 spectra) and prediction sets (six sites, 225 spectra). Calibrations were developed using untreated and mathematically treated (first and second derivative and multiplicative scatter correction) spectra. Strong correlations were obtained for all properties, the strongest R2 values being 0.83 (density), 0.90 (MFA), and 0.93 (stiffness). When applied to the test set, good relationships were obtained (Rp2 ranged from 0.80 to 0.90), but the accuracy of predictions varied depending on math treatment. The addition of a small number of cores from the prediction set (one core per new site) to the calibration set improved the accuracy of predictions and importantly minimized the differences obtained with the various math treatments. These results suggest that density, MFA, and stiffness can be estimated by NIR with sufficient accuracy to be used in operational settings.

Fractal analysis of foliage distribution in loblolly pine crowns

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Zeide
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Single Crown ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Fractal Characteristics ◽  
Foliage Density ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A new method for estimating fractal characteristics (fractal dimension and foliage density) of a single crown or its portions is developed. The proposed method operates with volume and mass of natural units of the crown, such as shoots and branches, rather than with numbers of regular cubes. Fractal dimension alone is not sufficient to describe foliage distribution in the crown because it says nothing about the density of foliage at a given point. The density is defined as the ratio of foliage mass to fractal volume it occupies. Fortunately, the intercept of the regression, which contains fractal dimension as the slope, provides a measure of foliage density. Thus the method makes it possible to separate purely spatial factors represented by fractal dimension from ecophysiological effects characterized by foliage density. Application of the method showed that neither fractal dimension nor foliage density of the studied loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) correlates with current diameter increment. At the same time, there is a pronounced negative correlation between fractal dimension and crown size. These results suggest that as crowns become larger, the amount of foliage located at the crown periphery increases in proportion to the foliage amount inside the crown. As a spin-off of this analysis, a method for estimating relative foliage density (defined as the ratio of actual to maximal foliage mass for a given branch) is developed.

scholarly journals Monthly alterations in macromolecular contents of in situ ovules excised from Georgian Pinus taeda L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-562
Author(s):  
Deneke H. Mariam ◽  
David L. Bramlett ◽  
John E. Mayfield ◽  
William V. Dashek
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

<em>Pinus taeda</em> L. (loblolly pine), a commercial timber three of the Southeastern United States, provides a major component of the region's forest resources. We cultured loblolly ovules for in vitro fertilization. This procedure was assisted by quantifying time-dependent alterations of in situ ovular RNA, DNA and total protein (Jan-Aug, 1985) contents for ovules (yr 2 of reproductive cycle). Cold-hot, TCA extracted macromolecules were quantified by colorimetry and UV spectroscopy. Total protein was about 0.4 µg per 100 ovules x 10<sup>4</sup> (Jan-Apr) and except for July increased to 3.6 µg per 100 ovules x 10<sup>4</sup> by August. In contrast, RNA "dropped" from 3 to about I µg per 100 ovules x 10<sup>2</sup> (Jan-Mar) and then rose to 7 µg per 100 ovules x 10<sup>2</sup> by July. The DNA climbed from about I to above 8 µg per 100 ovules x 10<sup>2</sup> (Jan-Mar) and then plummeted to I µg per 100 ovules x 10<sup>2</sup> (Apr-June). The observed alterations may reflect ovule morphogenesis.

Sawtimber Volume Predictions for Uneven-Aged Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands on Average Sites

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Murphy ◽  
Robert M. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Equations are given to estimate current and projected sawtimber volumes and projected basal area of the sawtimber portion of uneven-aged loblolly-shortleaf (Pinus taeda L.-Pinus echinata Mill.) pine stands managed under the selection system. The independent variables are elapsed time, initial merchantable basal area, and the initial ratio of sawtimber basal area to merchantable basal area. The results should provide guidelines for the board-foot and cubic-foot production of sawtimber-sized trees in uneven-aged stands that occur on average sites (site index 90, loblolly pine) in the Coastal Plain.

Comparison of Log Quality from Even-Aged and Uneven-Aged Loblolly Pine Stands in South Arkansas

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Guldin ◽  
Michael W. Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Natural Stands

Abstract Log grade, number of knots, and log volume of the first two logs, as well as form class of the butt log, were compared across three broad sawtimber categories among even-aged plantations, even-aged natural stands, and uneven-aged natural stands of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in Ashley County, AR. Trees from uneven-aged stands had butt logs of better log grade than even-aged plantations, particularly in the large sawtimber component where the average difference was half a log grade. Compared to even-aged natural stands, trees from uneven-aged stands had logs of comparable grade. Trees from even-aged natural stands produced butt logs of slightly better grade, but with greater taper and less volume per log, than trees from even-aged plantations. To produce high-grade loblolly pine sawtimber in the West Gulf region, natural stand management will suffice; plantation management may require supplemental quality intervention such as artificial pruning. South. J. Appl. For. 15(1):10-17.

scholarly journals Effects of Early Release on Natural Versus Container Loblolly Pines 12 Years After Field Establishment

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cain ◽  
James P. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Genetically improved, container loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were compared to naturally established loblolly seedlings on a cutover pine site. Crop pines on 6 of 12 plots were released from woody and herbaceous competition within a 2 ft radius of each stem. On release plots, woody competition was controlled by hand-cutting for 5 consecutive yr and herbaceous competition was controlled with herbicides for 4 consecutive yr after pine establishment. Competition control increased 12 yr survival by 68 percentage points for natural pines and by 47 percentage points for planted pines. Twelve years after field establishment, mean-tree volume of planted pines was no different than that of naturally established pines. Nevertheless, volume gains of 150% to 200% were achieved within regeneration techniques as a result of release. South. J. Appl. For. 26(4):173–180.

Hardwood Eradication Improves Productivity of Thinned Loblolly Pine Stands

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Clason
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A single hardwood eradication treatment in a 7-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand along with pine stocking control increased growth and yield over a 10-year period. Herbaceous vegetation control had no detectable effect at ages 12 and 17. Treated plots had smaller stems, which could be controlled more readily by fire, although the number of understory stems was similar for all treatments. Mean annual radial and merchantable volume growth on treated plots surpassed controls by 30%. Future stand values were enhanced by removing hardwood competition. Residual stand sawtimber volumes on the treated plots were twice that of the control.

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