Chino well fire: a hydrologic evaluation of rainfall and runoff from the Mud Canyon watershed

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. James Nelson ◽  
A. Woodruff Miller ◽  
Eric Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Indian Reservation ◽  
Hydrologic Analysis ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
Mescalero Apache ◽  
Natural Watersheds ◽  
Hydrologic Evaluation

Forest fires often alter the balance between rainfall and resulting runoff of natural watersheds. This may result in flooding of the burned watershed at points down-stream. Such was the case for the Mud Canyon water-shed on New Mexico's Mescalero Apache Indian Reservation in 1996. While the summer storms that followed the spring fire had a magnitude to be expected every five years, the resulting flood flows were more on the order of a one hundred-year event. This paper concludes that the loss of ground cover (particularly for relatively steep watersheds) should be seriously considered when evaluating the potential for flooding on a burned watershed. The methods used for hydrologic analysis of Mud Canyon, as outlined in this paper, are applicable for future analyses of burned watersheds to determine the extent to which loss of ground cover contributes to increased flood flows.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE INTERACTION OF THE SCREW WORKING BODIES OF FOREST FIRE GROUND-THROWING MACHINES WITH THE GROUND COVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Petr Popikov ◽  
Anton Pozdnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Hydraulic Motor ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Fire Ground

The paper provides an overview of research on the working processes of screw working bodies of technological machines. It is noted that at present such important issues in the theory of auger working bodies as the required number of auger turns, the required position of the auger spiral in relation to the center, etc. have not been fully resolved, since the solution of these issues can provide an increased productivity of the tool. A structural and technological scheme of a forest fire machine with multifunctional modules is proposed, which consists of auger working bodies, which can be changed modularly with a screw metal thread for a brush, depending on the area and type of soil, the rotor of the thrower, with the ability to drive the cutters-throwers and auger working bodies both from the power take-off shaft of the tractor, and using a hydraulic motor, a guide casing. A mathematical model of an auger working body with a hydraulic drive has been compiled for removing the ground cover with forest litter when extinguishing forest fires with a ground gun, so that combustible materials do not fall into the fire zone together with the soil flow from the rotor-thrower. The working process of the hydraulic drive of the auger working bodies of a forest fire ground-sweeping machine is described by a system of differential equations, including the equations of translational and rotational movements of the auger working body and the equation of the flow rate of the working fluid. The problem of optimization of kinematic and dynamic parameters of auger working bodies of forest fire ground-sweeping machine is set

scholarly journals Dwarf Mistletoe Control on the Mescalero Apache Indian Reservation, New Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
Howard M. Hoyt ◽  
William Hornsby ◽  
Ching-Hsun Huang ◽  
James J. Jacobs ◽  
Robert L. Mathiasen
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Indian Reservation ◽  
Mescalero Apache

Disillusionment: Laramie Peak and Thérèse of Lisieux

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belden C. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Northern Plains ◽  
Oregon Trail ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Oregon Trail

Making mistakes in the spiritual life is an essential part of growth—as important as forest fires, blow-downs, and insects are to the life of a thriving forest. You grow only in being burnt, bent, and bitten. You have to stumble before you can walk. My error this time wasn’t intentional. I saw no signs at the trailhead and didn’t think to ask. I simply hauled my backpack up Laramie Peak in the Medicine Bow Wilderness of eastern Wyoming, planning to spend the night somewhere near the top. Only later did I learn that camping isn’t allowed anywhere on the mountain. Sometimes ignorance is bliss. More often it’s simply dangerous. Yet I had the mountain to myself that night, or I should say that it had me. I was new to backpacking at the time. But I don’t remember ever being so overwhelmed by deep silence and a haunting sense of presence as I was that night at 10,000 feet near the mountain’s peak. Fallen limbs, rock outcroppings, and thick ground cover made it impossible to venture very far off the trail. It was hard even to find a semi-flat piece of ground to sleep on in the dense, moss covered undergrowth. Everything resisted my being there. Still more disturbing was the feeling that I was being watched—studied from beyond the shadows by something I couldn’t see. I’ve seldom felt so ill at ease in wilderness. Something was out there, frightening in its apparent indifference to my well-being. Laramie Peak stands alone on the easternmost edge of the Rocky Mountains. At 10,272 feet, it is smaller than the Colorado fourteeners to the southwest. But it offers an imposing silhouette, jutting up from the northern plains like Mt. Fuji rising above the mountains west of Tokyo. One can see it for miles along Highway I-25 in eastern Wyoming. Nineteenth-century settlers on the Oregon Trail caught sight of it from Scotts Bluff in the Nebraska Territory, 120 miles to the east. It was their first warning of the foreboding mountains that lay ahead.

scholarly journals Changes in the ground environment under the influence of fires in the territory of the State Natural Reserve «Olekminsky»

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 12023
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vershinina ◽  
Lyudmila Gabyshcheva ◽  
Nikolay Tyutrin ◽  
Vasily Verkhoturov ◽  
Andrey Lagunov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
The State ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Larch Forests ◽  
Crepis Tectorum ◽  
Burnt Areas ◽  
Chamaenerion Angustifolium

This paper discusses the chronology and cause of forest fires on the territory of the State Reserve “Olekminsky”. Forest fires on the territory of the reserve are low-level, caused by dry thunderstorms. The overgrowth of burnt areas occurs at the expense of specific groups of pyrophyte plants. For 2-3 years after the fires, Camenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Corydalis sibirica (L.) Pers., Plantago canescens Adams, Crepis tectorum L. and others were found. In waterlogged areas, Tephroseris palustris (L.) Reichenb appear and subsequently do not occur, and mosses: Marshantia polymorpha L., Ceratodon purpureum (Hedw.) Brid. It was found that the restoration of ground cover is mainly due to species characteristic only for intermediate stages: Lichens - Baeomyces carneus, Dibaeis baeomyces and Trapeliopsis granulosa, as well as Arctous erythrocarpa (Small) M. Ivanova, Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Calamagrostis obtusata Trin, Сarex spp., cereals and green mosses. More than 40 species of lichens participate in the formation of the ground cover of the studied larch forests, mainly bushy species of Cladonia, Stereocaulon, Peltigera. Forest fires of a natural nature occurring on the territory of the reserve are the main limiting factor affecting bio-resources and theirrestoration.

scholarly journals A simple temperature-based method to estimate heterogeneous frozen ground within a distributed watershed model

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2669-2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Follum ◽  
Jeffrey D. Niemann ◽  
Julie T. Parno ◽  
Charles W. Downer
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Soil Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Watershed Models ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Hydrologic Analysis ◽  
Frost Depth

Abstract. Frozen ground can be important to flood production and is often heterogeneous within a watershed due to spatial variations in the available energy, insulation by snowpack and ground cover, and the thermal and moisture properties of the soil. The widely used continuous frozen ground index (CFGI) model is a degree-day approach and identifies frozen ground using a simple frost index, which varies mainly with elevation through an elevation–temperature relationship. Similarly, snow depth and its insulating effect are also estimated based on elevation. The objective of this paper is to develop a model for frozen ground that (1) captures the spatial variations of frozen ground within a watershed, (2) allows the frozen ground model to be incorporated into a variety of watershed models, and (3) allows application in data sparse environments. To do this, we modify the existing CFGI method within the gridded surface subsurface hydrologic analysis watershed model. Among the modifications, the snowpack and frost indices are simulated by replacing air temperature (a surrogate for the available energy) with a radiation-derived temperature that aims to better represent spatial variations in available energy. Ground cover is also included as an additional insulator of the soil. Furthermore, the modified Berggren equation, which accounts for soil thermal conductivity and soil moisture, is used to convert the frost index into frost depth. The modified CFGI model is tested by application at six test sites within the Sleepers River experimental watershed in Vermont. Compared to the CFGI model, the modified CFGI model more accurately captures the variations in frozen ground between the sites, inter-annual variations in frozen ground depths at a given site, and the occurrence of frozen ground.

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