Uptake of phosphorus from different sources by Lotus Pedunculatus and three genotypes of Trifolium Repens .1. Plant yield and phosphate efficiency

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
SN Trolove ◽  
MJ Hedley ◽  
JR Caradus ◽  
AD Mackay
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Unit Plant ◽  
Different Sources

The breeding of phosphate (P) efficient pastoral legumes could reduce the amount of fertiliser required on pastoral farms. In this study, Lotus pedunculatus and 3 genotypes of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) known to differ in their ability to respond to added P were grown on unfertilised soil and soil to which either monocalcium phosphate (MCP) or North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) were added. White clover genotype 8D (a selection line from Crau) had a greater (P < 0.05) internal P efficiency (shoot DM production per unit plant P) than 1A (a selection line from Gwenda) or lotus on unfertilised soil, whereas on fertilised soil, lotus had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) internal P efficiency than 2 of the white clover genotypes on MCP-fertilised soil (P < 0.01) and all 3 white clover genotypes on NCPR-fertlised soil (P < 0.01). Lotus also had a higher (P < 0.01) external P efficiency (total P uptake) than all 3 white clover genotypes on the 2 fertilised treatments. This was due to a greater root length, not a greater P uptake per unit length.

Phosphate responses of some Trifolium repens×T. uniflorum interspecific hybrids grown in soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Nichols ◽  
J. R. Crush ◽  
L. Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Soil P

Previous studies in sand culture suggested that some white clover (Trifolium repens) × T. uniflorum interspecific hybrids were more tolerant than white clover of low external phosphate (P) supply. Here, P acquisition and growth responses were determined in soil for two T. repens × T. uniflorum backcross hybrids and their parental white clover cultivar, grown in a glasshouse pot experiment at Olsen P of 6, 7, 9, 14, or 20 mg P kg–1 soil. Growth of all of the clover entries responded strongly to increasing soil P levels, and one hybrid clover grew, on average, 17% better than the white clover control cultivar at Olsen soil P 9–20 mg kg–1. Internal P concentrations and shoot growth per unit P absorbed did not differ among the clovers. Instead, improved growth of the hybrid resulted from a greater ability to acquire soil P. This hybrid had the longest, most frequently branched roots. Frequent branching and growth of root tips into fresh soil would reduce the limitations to P uptake imposed by slow diffusion of P to the root surface. The results confirm previous observations that interspecific hybridisation is a useful strategy for increasing the range of P responsiveness in breeding populations for white clover.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization Efficiency in Peanut1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Total P

Abstract Cultivars of a crop can differ genetically with respect to their uptake, translocation, accumulation, and use of phosphorus. The objective of this paper was to evaluate genetic variation for P uptake and utilization among peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes. Several traits contribute to the total P efficiency of the genotype, including root length, rate of P uptake per unit root length, leaf and pod characters such as P accumulation, and dry matter/yield produced per unit P absorbed [i.e., P efficiency ratio (PER)]. Peanut genotypes with increased P uptake and higher PER were identified. Some genotypes sustained higher PER at both low and high soil P availabilities.

Progress in selected areas of rhizosphere research on P acquisition

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Trolove ◽  
M. J. Hedley ◽  
G. J. D. Kirk ◽  
N. S. Bolan ◽  
P. Loganathan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Soil Science Society ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Large reserves of P have accumulated in soils of developed countries because additions of P fertiliser to sustain agricultural production have exceeded crop removal. By contrast, in many developing countries in the tropics and subtropics, soil P reserves are gravely low and large additions are required before maintenance requirements begin to decline. In addition, the cost of P fertiliser will increase as the currently accessible deposits of high-grade phosphate rock (PR) diminish. Developing plants that efficiently tap soil P reserves and low grade PR is therefore a priority for agricultural research. For the 50th anniversary of the New Zealand Soil Science Society, this paper reviews research on P efficiency in plants, conducted by staff, students, and research associates of Massey University, in the context of other research into plant mechanisms that enhance P uptake, including effects of root geometry, mycorrhizal associations, and root-induced changes in the soil. Techniques for fractionation of soil P are highlighted.

Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. V. A comparison of white clover accessions

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Godwin ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
New South ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Extractable Soil

Seed collections of 'naturalized' white clover (Trifolium repens L.) accessions, believed to have been derived from a Dutch 'wild white' clover introduced into the Northern Tablelands area of New South Wales were made. The collections were made from areas with low, high, and intermediate concentrations of extractable soil phosphorus. In a controlled environment pot experiment, the shoot and root growth and P uptake of each of these accessions was compared over a range of six P rates to three commercially available accessions-Ladino, Grasslands Huia, and Haifa and an accession from Algeria. Various methods of determining the efficiency of ultilization of P were examined. By all methods studied, Ladino generally was more efficient at utilizing applied P. Ladino produced a larger shoot biomass and greater length of root than other accessions, had a higher P uptake, and was more efficient in utilizing this P for the synthesis of biomass. The rankings of the clover accessions in terms of P efficiency changed according to the definition used. The study suggests that some scope exists for selection for P efficiency in clover accessions.

Nutrient responses and macronutrient composition of some Trifolium repens×Trifolium uniflorum interspecific hybrids

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Nichols ◽  
R. W. Hofmann ◽  
W. M. Williams ◽  
J. R. Crush
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Matter Production

Interspecific hybridisation is being utilised in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) breeding programs to overcome factors currently restricting productivity and persistence. Valuable new traits that may be introduced from the wild relative T. uniflorum include root characteristics and other adaptations to its natural, Mediterranean habitat. This study examined the effect of hybridisation on growth and macronutrient composition of white clover compared with T. uniflorum and T. repens × T. uniflorum backcross 1 (BC1) hybrids in two glasshouse sand culture experiments. Shoot and root dry weights of BC1 hybrids were greater than of white clover in low-concentration nutrient treatments but not in a more concentrated treatment. Decreases in dry weight with decreasing nutrient treatment strength were also smaller for some BC1 hybrids compared with white clover and other hybrid families. Most foliar macronutrient levels were adequate for white clover growth, but mean shoot or leaf phosphorus (P) concentrations were below published critical levels. Higher dry matter production under these low internal P concentrations suggests that some T. repens × T. uniflorum BC1 hybrids may be more tolerant of lower soil P levels than white clover. Such adaptations are likely to have been inherited from T. uniflorum. However, transgressive segregation may also be occurring, as T. uniflorum was larger than white clover in some, but not all, cases of low nutrient supply.

Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. VI. A comparison of Italian ryegrass, phalaris, red clover and white clover over time

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Kemp ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Broad Scale

Two problems in comparative studies of the P efficiency of pasture species are the choice of measurement to define P efficiency and the basis of comparison to use. Therefore, the degree to which the level of P supply and plant age, or time of harvest, influence a variety of measures of P efficiency was examined in four temperate pasture species grown in a soil at a range of P levels in a glass house. The four species were Italian ryegrass, phalaris, red clover, and white clover. Italian ryegrass was the most P efficient and red clover the least P efficient species in terms of the broad scale measures of P effiency, shoot yield per unit of P applied and total P uptake over the first 40 days after sowing (DAS), and shoot P concentration at 68 DAS. Nevertheless, by 68 DAS the shoot fresh weight yield of the four species was similar at both the low (5 kgP ha-1) and the high (80 kg P ha-1) P rate. The superior shoot biomass production at lower P rates over 40 DAS of Italian ryegrass and phalaris compared with red and white clovers was largely the result of a greater root weight and P uptake per plant. Early root weight was determined by the relationship between seed weight and root relative growth rate (PGR), whereas P uptake per plant was influenced by root weight and plant P demand as measured by relative P uptake rate (RPR). The understanding of such relationships was shown to be essential to the effective interpretation of broad scale measures of P efficiency. The comparative broad scale P efficiences of the four species changed over time. When Italian ryegrass and phalaris were compared on an ontogenetic basis, number of leaves per plant, shoot yield and P uptake per plant were similar. The comparison of the P efficiency of species on both an ontogenetic and temporal basis is proposed.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF WHITE CLOVER AND LOTUS CULTIVARS AND LINES ON THE EAST OTAGO PLATEAU

1989 ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
J.M. Keoghan ◽  
W.J. Fraser ◽  
R.P. Heenan
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Yield Spread ◽  
Tussock Grassland ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Infertile Soils

The performance of 55 Lotus pedunculatus Cav. and 33 Trifolium repens L lines of diverse type and origin was assessed on acid, infertile soils on the East Otago Plateau at 3 sites representing an altitudinal sequence of increasing severity of climate. Among the L pedunculatus lines, a diploid NZ selection 04701 showed the best combination of attributes with high herbage yields, moderate rhizome spread at the highest sites and considerable tolerance to out-of-season frosting. G4701, its tetraploid equivalent G4702 and a selection from within the cultivar 'Grasslands Maku' for rapid germination at low temperatures, produced the highest yields averaged over the 3 sites in the altiludinal sequence. The use of these lines is likely to enhance the role of lotus in tussock grassland pasture systems. Within white clover, a hybrid line C5413. which has been.included in the pre-release Southern white clover cultivar G26. performed well, indicating that it has wide adaptability for both fertile lowland and low-fertility hill and high country situations on the southern South Island. The Southland Selection C5844, which is derived from Southland ecotypes, had the best combination of attributes for the East Otago Plateau. This selection merits serious consideration for release as a 'Tahora-like' cultivar for moist, infertile hill and high country in the southern South Island. Keywords: Trifolium repens, Lotus pedunculatus. evaluation, herbage yield, spread, dominance, frost damage, South Island.

INFLUENCE OF ROOT HAIRS IN SUPPLYING SOIL PHOSPHORUS TO WHEAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. BOLE
Keyword(s):  
Root Hair ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Root Hair Development ◽  
Root Hair Density ◽  
Hair Development

Chromosome substitution lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) showing a parental difference in root-hair development were studied under several P regimes. Average root-hair density was 45 root hairs/mm in a low-P soil compared with 60 when P supply was adequate. Soil P uptake was not closely related to root-hair density in any of the regimes. Rape roots virtually devoid of root hairs took up two to six times as much soil P per unit length as the wheat roots with root hairs. Flax roots also did not produce root hairs but absorbed more P per unit length than the wheat roots. Root-hair development did not regulate the P uptake efficiency of the wheat roots and would be expected to be even less effective in supplying other nutrients.

Uptake of phosphorus from different sources by Lotus pedunculatus and three genotypes of Trifolium repens .2. Forms of phosphate utilised and acidification of the rhizosphere

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
SN Trolove ◽  
MJ Hedley ◽  
JR Caradus ◽  
AD Mackay
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphate Rocks ◽  
North Carolina Phosphate Rock ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
P Sources

Improvements in the ability of legumes to utilise applied phosphate (P) could lower fertiliser requirements. Earlier studies have found differences between legume species and genotypes of Trifolium repens in their ability to take up P from P sources that vary in solubility. Acidification of the rhizosphere may account for different P utilisation, especially from reactive phosphate rocks. To investigate differences in the ability of legumes to acidify their rhizosphere and extract various forms of P, Lotus pedunculatus and 3 genotypes of white clover that varied in their ability to respond to added P were grown in root study containers with either unfertilised soil, or soil fertilised with either monocalcium phosphate (MCP) or North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR). After 6 weeks of plant growth, the containers were dismantled and 10 thin soil slices were taken 0-8 mm from the rhizoplane. These slices were fractionated for various P forms and pH was measured. All 4 legumes, especially lotus, acidified their rhizosphere. This resulted in negligible depletion of the small, H2SO4-P-i fraction (Pi, inorganic phosphorus) of unfertilised and MCP-fertilised soil, but caused direct dissolution of NCPR. The predominant forms of P depleted in the MCP-fertilised soil were the resin-Pi and NaOH-Pi forms, whereas in the NCPR treatment the H2SO4-Pi fraction was depleted. No significant depletion of any P fraction was observed in the unfertilised soils as plants were very small and P change in the soil slices was below that which could be measured using the experimental technique. Suggestions are made on how the experimental technique could be improved.

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