Forms of phosphate in soils fertilized with rock phosphate and superphosphate as measured by chemical fractionation

Soil Research ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Kumar ◽  
RJ Gilkes ◽  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Western Australian

The forms of P in three Western Australian soils that had been fertilized up to 5 years previously with rock phosphates (RP) and superphosphate were determined by a P fractionation procedure using 1 M NH4Cl, 0.5 M NH4F, 0.1 M NaOH+1 M NaCl, citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate (CDB), 1 M NaOH, and 1 M HCl. P extracted by NH4Cl and NH4F from soils fertilized with superphosphate decreased with time since application. For soils treated with apatitic RP the amounts of fertilizer P extracted by 1 M HCl decreased with time since application. This decrease was probably due to loss of apatite grains from the top soil by eluviation, bioturbation and cultivation rather than continuing dissolution of RP. For these soils most of the fertilizer P (63-67%) remained in the soil as residual apatite 5 years after fertilizer application, and this P is soluble in 1 M HCl. Over the 5 years of the experiment there was no systematic transformation of one form of P to another in soils fertilized with apatitic RP. An average amount ranging over 20-37% of added P was lost from the 0-10 cm sampling depth for different fertilizers.

CHANGES WITH TIME IN THE FORM AND AVAILABILITY OF RESIDUAL FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS ON CHERNOZEMIC SOILS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. WAGAR ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
J. O. MOIR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Labile P ◽  
P Transformations ◽  
Stable Forms

A sequential phosphorus (P) fractionation procedure was used to measure the changes in the labile and stable forms of inorganic and organic P following single broadcast P applications to Canadian Chernozemic soils under cereal cropping. Approximately half of the fertilizer residues remained in plant-available forms (resin, NaHCO3). In a Black Waskada clay loam 8 yr after the application of 200 and 400 kg P ha−1, residual fertilizer P consisted of resin-P, 30–40%; HCl-P, 25–30%; residue-P, 10–15%; NaOH-P, 10–15%, NaHCO3-P, 10%; and aggregate protected P, 3%. The residues in a Dark Brown Sutherland clay 5 yr after the application of 160 kg P ha−1 were: resin-P, 35%; NaOH-P, 30–40%; NaHCO3-P, 15%; HCl-P, 0–5%; H2SO4-P, 5%; and aggregate protected P, 5%. The soils differed in the quantity of fertilizer recovered in inorganic HCl-extractable forms. In the Sutherland soil the change from wheat-fallow to continuous wheat cropping produced a build-up of organic P which occurred with and without the addition of P fertilizer. Key words: Residual P, P transformations, Labile Pi; labile Po, stable Pi stable Po

scholarly journals Phosphorus availability of rock phosphates as compared with feed-grade phosphates for swine

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza ◽  
Anibal de Sant'Anna Moretti ◽  
Fernanda Marcussi Tucci ◽  
Nedilse Helena de Souza ◽  
Paulo Ademar Martins Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Phosphorus Addition ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Made In

One hundred ninety two swine were used in a trial to assess the relative bioavailability of phosphorus (RBP) in six phosphate sources. Phosphates were three feed grade phosphates (FP), two made in Brasil, and one USA made, and three rock phosphate samples (RP) originated from two mines sites in Brasil, and one mine site in Israel. Levels of calcium, phosphorus and fluorine in RP were 29, 12 and 1.7% (RP source 1), 33, 14 and 1.4% (RP source 2), and 30, 14 and 3.6% (RP source 3), respectively. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet (18% CP, 0.95% Lys, 0.75% Ca, 0.37% P) or the basal diet with 0.15% P from a standard purified grade calcium phosphate (SP), or with 0.15% P from experimental FP or RP. Each diet was fed to six pen replicates of four pigs per pen for 35 days (14.4 to 39.9 kg). Weight gain (WG), feed/gain (FG), plasma P (PP), bone ash (BA), and breaking strength of metacarpals and metatarsals (BS-MM) and femurs (BS-F) were improved by phosphorus addition. However, performance and bone parameters were depressed by RP, as compared to FP dietary supplementation. WG, BA, BS-MM and BS-F were regressed to P added, and slope-ratios were calculated to assess RBP in the FP and RP sources. The average bioavailability of P in the FP and RP sources, relative to SP, were 89 and 49% (WG), 112 and 49% (BA), 78 and 28% (BS-MM), and 101 and 52% (BS-F), respectively. Low animal performance and bone strength related to toxicity should be expected if rock phosphates are used to feed pigs.

scholarly journals Field experiments on phosphate fertilizers: A joint investigation

1956 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Joint Investigation

The results of over 400 field experiments testing different kinds of phosphate fertilizers are summarized and are discussed with special reference to the reactions of the soils used. The classifications were:‘very acid’ soils—pH below 5·5, ‘acid soils’— pH 5·6 to 6·5, neutral soils—pH over 6·5. All comparisons are made in terms of fertilizers supplying the same amounts of total phosphorus.In war-time experiments Gafsa and Morocco rock phosphates were about two-thirds as efficient as superphosphate for swedes and turnips grown on very acid soils. In 1951–3 experiments on very acid and acid soils Gafsa phosphate was practically equivalent to superphosphate for swedes, but for potatoes it was as effective as only one-third as much phosphorus supplied as superphosphate; on neutral soils Gafsa phosphate was useless. For establishing grassland on acid soils Gafsa and Morocco phosphate were equivalent to about onethird as much phosphorus supplied as high-soluble basic slag. Rock phosphates were somewhat more effective for promoting growth of established grassland but they remained inferior to high-soluble basic slags and to superphosphate. Curacao rock phosphate was roughly equivalent to Gafsa phosphate for swedes and grass. Florida pebble phosphate was much less effective and was judged unsuitable for direct application. Mixtures of rock phosphate with superphosphate were not more efficient than equivalent amounts of the separate components used correctly.Silicophosphate was practically as effective as superphosphate for swedes grown on very acid and acid soils; it was less efficient on neutral soils. For potatoes silicophosphate was nearly as effective as superphosphate on very acid soils; it was much less efficient on acid and neutral soils. Silicophosphate was roughly equivalent to high-soluble basic slag for grassland.Mixtures of superphosphate with lime, serpentine, and low-grade basic slag were prepared, most of the water-soluble phosphorus being converted to insoluble forms. In experiments on swedes and potatoes these basic superphosphates were not superior to untreated superphosphate. For establishing grassland on very acid soils, the mixtures were slightly superior to ordinary superphosphate.Dicalcium phosphate was practically equivalent to superphosphate for swedes on all groups of soils. For potatoes dicalcium phosphate was more efficient than superphosphate on very acid soils, on less acid and neutral soils it was inferior to superphosphate.

Responses of serradella and subterranean clover to phosphorus from superphosphate and Duchess rock phosphate

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
The Relationship

The responses of yellow serradella, slender serradella and subterranean clover to phosphorus from superphosphate and an apatite rock phosphate from Duchess, north-eastern Australia, were measured in a field experiment near Esperance, W.A. Over the 16 months of the experiment, dry herbage yields depended upon the phosphorus content of dried herbage. For each sampling time, the relationship between dry herbage yield and the phosphorus content of dried herbage was similar for both fertilizers and for all three species. At each rate of fertilizer application, the amount of phosphorus absorbed by the plants from the rock phosphate was less than that from superphosphate, and this limited yield. When fertilized with superphosphate, subterranean clover absorbed less phosphorus than the serradellas for each rate of fertilizer application, and this also reduced yield. Thus less phosphorus from superphosphate was required to produce serradella than was required to produce the same weight of subterranean clover. When fertilized with rock phosphate, 1982 herbage production was in the order: yellow serradella> subterranean clover>slender serradella. 1982 seed yields were: subterranean clover>yellow serradella> slender serradella. 1 983 herbage yields were: slender serradella>yellow serradella> subterranean clover. For herbage yields, for each rate of fertilizer application, this order was also dictated by the amount of phosphorus absorbed by each of the three species.

The effect of soil properties and level of fertilizer application on the dissolution of sechura rock phosphate in some soils from Brazil, Colombia, Australia and Nigeria

Soil Research ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Hughes ◽  
RJ Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Silt Content ◽  
Rate Of Dissolution ◽  
Rapid Dissolution ◽  
Phosphate Dissolution ◽  
Extractable Iron

The extent and rate of dissolution of Sechura rock phosphate in 30 soils from Brazil, Colombia, Australia and Nigeria were measured. There was an initial rapid dissolution within 1 day, and this was followed by slower dissolution up to 124 days. For all soils an increase in the level of rock phosphate resulted in a smaller proportion dissolving. After 31 days, the percentage dissolved differed widely between soils and for rock phosphate application levels of 0.34 and 34 mg g-1 soil ranged over 0-100%, and 0-21% respectively. Pyrophosphate and oxalate-extractable iron and aluminium were important soil properties for predicting the amount of rock phosphate dissolution; pH, organic carbon, silt content and exchangeable calcium were subsidiary predictive properties for some soils.

Residual value for wheat of phosphorus from calciphos, Duchess rock phosphate and triple superphosphate on a lateritic soil in south-western Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Residual Values ◽  
North Western

The residual values of phosphorus from triple superphosphate and from three rock phosphates were compared in a 4-year field experiment with wheat, grown on a phosphorus deficient lateritic soil in south-western Australia. The three rock phosphate fertilizers were an apatitic rock phosphate originating from the Duchess deposit in north-western Queensland, and calcined (500�C) Christmas Island C-grade ore as a powder and as pellets. Five rates of each fertilizer were applied at the commencement of the experiment and their effectiveness was calculated from data on yield of dried plant tops, grain yield, and bicarbonate soluble phosphorus extracted from the soil. Triple superphosphate was the most effective phosphorus fertilizer initially, but its effectiveness decreased markedly with time. The effectiveness of the three rock phosphates was initially very low, and remained approximately constant for the duration of the experiment. The yield of dried plant tops depended upon their phosphorus content and this relationship was independent of the phosphorus fertilizer used.

scholarly journals The Chemical Fractionation of Rabbit and Swine Thymus

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene L. Hess ◽  
Saima E. Lagg
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Palatine Tonsils ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Calf Thymus

A chemical fractionation procedure, previously found applicable to bovine thymus and bovine and ovine palatine tonsils, was used to fractionate rabbit and hog thymus. With respect to the chemical fractionation steps, yields of fractions, and optical and electrophoretic properties, extracts from hog and rabbit thymus were indistinguishable from similar extracts prepared from calf thymus. The study provides composition and yield data applicable to the thymus of a small mammal readily available in most laboratories.

scholarly journals Solubility of Rock Phosphate and its Effect to the Growth and Yield of Maize on Ultisols

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Antonius Kasno ◽  
Diah Setyorini ◽  
Sutisni Dwiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
P Content ◽  
P Fertilizer

Phosphor is a macro nutrients and it becomes the main limiting factor for maize growth on Ultisols. Rock phosphate is one of P fertilizer sources contains high P and Ca content, slow release and soluble under acid condition, suitable for acid soil. The objective of this research is to study the solubility of rock phosphate and its influence to the growth and yield of maize on Ultisols.  This research was conducted in the research laboratory and the green house of Indonesia Soil Research Institute (ISRI). Ultisols soil samples were taken from oil palm plantation in North Sumatera. Christmas Island Rock Phosphate (CIRP) and Tunisia rock phosphate was used in this research. There are two activity conducted simultaneously, which is application of rock phosphate on Ultisols under plant indicator and without plant. The experimental design is randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The pot experiment without plant was conducted using1 kg of soil sample mixed with rock phosphate treatment and placed into plastic plot.  During 3 months of incubation, soil water content was maintained under field capacity by aquadest.  The dosages of P fertilizer were 0, 157.6 and 315.2 kg P2O5 ha-1. Soil samples were taken on 1, 2, and 3 months after P fertilization for measuring pH, P content (by HCl 25 %, Bray 1 and Olsen extraction), P-inorganic fractionation (Al-P, Fe-P, Rs-P and Ca-P), exchangeable acidity (Al and H), Al and free of Fe oxide. The pot experiments with maize were conducted using 7.5 kg soil samples mixed with 2 different rock phosphates as a treatment. The dosages of rock phosphate were similar with experiment 1. Urea 300 kg and 150 kg KCl ha1 were applied as a basal fertilizer. Maize was planted two seed per pot and maintain until harvest time. The result of the research shows that soil P content increase with RP application, Tunisia rock phosphate give higher response than the CIRP. Direct application of rock phosphate with Fe and Al content did not increase significantly the Aldd, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 content on soil.  Application of CIRP and Tunisia rock phosphate increased maize growth and yield significantly.

scholarly journals OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE VALUE OF ROCK PHOSPHATES

1937 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
A.W. Hudson ◽  
J.W. Woodcock
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Factors Influencing

Before discussing such information as is available regarding the effectiveness and use of rock phosphates in New Zealand, a few remarks relative to the world's consumption of phosphate in different forms and the factors influencing the availability of rock phosphate, etc., will not be out of place.

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