Podzol development in a holocene chronosequence .1. Moruya Heads, New South-Wales

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Bowman
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
Shell Carbonate ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Shell Debris ◽  
Marine Shell

Calcareous sands (Fluvisols/Regosols) and Podzol soils of at least seven different ages (0, 2500, 3000, 5000, 5800, 6200 and 6500 calendar years) form a soil chronosequence in the prograded beach-ridge plain near Moruya Heads, on the south coast of New South Wales. Ages of the soils were determined by radiocarbon dating of marine shell deposited with the sediment. The soils range from undifferentiated quartz sand mixed with marine shell debris at the youngest site, to well developed podzols with pronounced AI, A2 and iron-humus B horizons at the oldest sites. Age trends are evident in a range of physical and chemical soil properties, the most significant of which are: an increase in the thickness of the A2 and B horizons with a concomitant decrease in C horizon thickness; a decrease in Munsell colour chroma in the A1 and A2 horizons and an increase in B horizon chroma; a fall in the pH of all horizons (particularly in the younger soils); an increase in depth to the leaching front of marine shell carbonate; the progressive leaching of HC1-extractable manganese, calcium, magnesium and sodium from the soil profiles; and the progressive development of the A2 and B horizons in terms of HC1-extractable iron and aluminium.

Characteristics of soil and productivity of Pinus radiata (D Don) in New South Wales .I. Relative importance of soil physical and chemical parameters

Soil Research ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
ND Turvey ◽  
AB Rudra ◽  
J Turner
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objectives of the study were to determine whether selected soil physical and chemical parameters could be used as predictors of site and the productivity of Pinus radiata (D. Don). The study was carried out in the Lithgow district of New South Wales. Sixty plots were located in first-rotation unthinned stands of P. radiata of age 11 years. None of the stands had received fertilizer. The stands were selected to cover a wide range of merchantable volume production (0-175 m3 ha-1), and were located on a range of geological types including siltstone, medium-grained quartz sandstone, conglomerate, and rhyolitic tuff and lava. Soil depth was positively correlated, and per cent sand negatively correlated with all stand production variables. No other soil physical-or chemical variables were correlated consistently with stand variables. Discriminant analysis was used to test for the ability of a selected subset of soil physical and chemical variables to discriminate (a) between three volume production classes, and (b) between three geological groups. Soil depth, per cent sand, and total nitrogen contributed to two functions which discriminated between volume production groups. Cation exchange capacity, Bray phosphorus, per cent sand, exchangeable sodium, and total nitrogen contributed to two functions which discriminated between geological groups. Thus soil physical parameters were predominant in discriminating between volume production groups, and soil chemical parameters were predominant in discriminating between geological groups.

Subplasticity in Australian soils. V. Factors involved and techniques of dispersion

Soil Research ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Norrish ◽  
KG Tiller
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Montmorillonite Clays ◽  
Ionic Bonds ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The subplastic soils studied were two from the Riverina area of New South Wales, two montmorillonite rich clays formed on basalt, from South Australia and Queensland, and a krasnozem from New South Wales. To assess the effectiveness of physical and chemical methods of dispersion, theoretical clay contents were calculated from the ratio of the CEC of the soil to that of separated clay. The composition of the clay from the soils showed little or no change with degree of dispersion. To disperse the soils without chemical pretreatment, a method of disaggregation was devised that involved vigorous shaking of a soil paste. Following this technique the Riverina soils and the krasnozem yielded almost all their clay. Lithium saturation was the only chemical treatment that aided dispersion of the montmorillonite clays, and this, together with the high tetrahedral lattice charge, suggests that aggregate stability is mainly due to a large electrostatic interaction between clay sheets. Any pretreatments involving the use of sodium hydroxide improved clay yields for the Riverina soils. The data indicated that the loss of subplasticity was accompanied by the solution of clay, suggesting that aggregate stability was due to non-ionic bonds between clay particles, possibly as the result of intergrowth of clay mineral crystals. Organic matter and/or free iron oxide was responsible for cementation of the krasnozem.

scholarly journals The spatial legacy of Australian mercury contamination in the sediment of the Molonglo River

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Stinton ◽  
Larissa Schneider ◽  
Sara Beavis ◽  
Janelle Stevenson ◽  
William A. Maher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Surficial Sediment ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Mercury (Hg) contamination is an environmental concern as a by-product of legacy mining in Australia. Here we investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of Hg in the Molonglo River system in New South Wales, Australia, and assess the physical and chemical factors influencing that distribution. Mercury concentrations in sediment cores were measured in conjunction with 210Pb and 137Cs dating to establish historical contamination. This was done at the source mine site of Captains Flat, New South Wales, and the system’s sink in Lake Burley Griffin, Australian Capital Territory. Additionally, surficial sediment Hg concentrations along the Molonglo River were analyzed to determine the spatial distribution of Hg. Analytical results showed the primary physical and chemical factors influencing Hg dispersion to be distance, total organic matter, and the presence of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. The highest Hg concentrations were near the mine site at Captains Flat and decreased significantly with distance. Sediment core analyses in both Captains Flat and the lake showed reductions in Hg concentrations toward surficial sediment layers. It is suggested government-funded rehabilitation programs are playing a part in reducing the release of metal contamination.

Production and Characterization of Fly Ash from New South Wales Coals

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Roper ◽  
Daksh Baweja ◽  
Graham A. Kirkby
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Mineral Admixture ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Boiler Furnace ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACTFactors affecting fly ash characteristics are examined by consideration of the various processes and constituents involved in its production. Coal conversion, boiler-furnace operations and collection procedures are discussed. Current classification schemes applied to fly ash, in particular to those for use as a pozzolanic mineral admixture in concrete are reviewed. The variability of the material is highlighted using physical and chemical data. Shape and size characteristics of selected fly ashes from sources within New South Wales, Australia are illustrated by electron micrographs. The influence of these properties on resultant concrete properties are briefly considered. The formation of nodules of fly ash material on the surface of fabric filters is chosen to illustrate the importance of physical and chemical conditions in the collection chamber, whereas pH changes with time of the water phase in contact with selected fly ashes demonstrate the importance of chemical characteristics of the collected materials. Such chemical characteristics may influence the path of pozzolanic reactions significantly.

Chemical studies of four swamps on the northern tablelnds New South Wales

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
SV Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Ionic Concentrations ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Concentrations of calcium. magnesium, sodium, potassium. nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus, and conductivity, total alkalinity, pH and water level were measured monthly in four swamps on the northern tablelands of New South Wales. The order of cationic dominance in the wetlands was Na ≥ Mg > Ca > K One wetland had markedly higher ionic concentrations than the rest, possibly because of an urban area in its catchment. Rainfall, water level and the effects of season on nutrient uptake and release by aquatic vegetation accounted for much of the temporal variation in ionic concentrations and loadings in the wetlands. There was no obvious correlation between water chemistry of the wetlands and waterbird densities.

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