Growth of subterranean clover when subirrigated from water tables at different depths

Soil Research ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Stewart ◽  
AK Turner ◽  
JH Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Active Root

Subterranean clover plants were grown in a glasshouse with sub-irrigation from water tables maintained at depths of 0.30 m, 0.60 m, and 0.90 m. The depth of water table had little effect on the weights of the above-ground parts; there was a non-significant trend towards greater weights with deeper water tables. However, there were striking effects of treatment on root growth. Active root extension occurred while soil moisture content of the soil was between about 25 and 15%. With the deeper water tables, the zones of active root growth moved downwards as the soils dried out, i.e. out of the zones where, through increasing plant intake of water, demand exceeded supply from the water table. By the third harvest (about flowering time of the clover plants) the greatest root density with all treatments was between 0.20 m and 0.30 m above the water table. For the soil type used, this was apparently the height above the water table at which plant intake and upward movement of water from the water table were in equilibrium.

scholarly journals Surface Flow on Medano, Mosca, and Sand Creeks in Relation to Fault Zones and Water Tables

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
James McCalpin
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Groundwater Development ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
The Third ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Development Scheme ◽  
Water Tables

This project seeks to determine the relation between surging surface flow and projected groundwater declines at the Great Sand Dunes National Monument. Surging flow in Medano Creek is a unique visitor attraction at the Monument, and is exhibited from April through July at easily accessible sites. Projected water table declines of up to 46 m due to an adjacent groundwater development scheme may increase infiltration rates in Monument creeks, thus leading to diminished or eliminated surge flow. This report covers the third 6-month period of the contract (May 15-Nov. 15, 1992).

Effects of Water Levels on the Overwintering Survival and Emergence of the Larch Sawfly in a Bog Habitat

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. H. Ives ◽  
L. D. Nairn
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Overwintering Survival

AbstractThe effects of fluctuating water tables on the survival of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), were studied by burying cocoons at different depths in a tamarack bog. Most larvae in cocoons flooded during August or September died before winter. The percentage of overwintering survival of unflooded cocoons remained constant from late fall until development began in the spring. The higher the cocoons were above the maximum water table during August and September, the greater was the percentage of overwintering survival and subsequent adult emergence.

Water tables and soil colour as an indicator of saturation in some soils of the Waikato, New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
PL Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
General Indicator

Seasonal fluctuation in water tables in some alluvial soils in the Waikato was determined to establish time, depth and duration of saturation. Duration of saturation could then be related to soil colour to test whether colour could be used as an indicator of saturated conditions in these soils. The results confirmed that there were different watertable regimes between soil series and that there could be different depths and durations of water-table within a series. In the soils studied, colour can be used as a general indicator of whether or not saturated conditions have occurred. However, soil colour did not give any indication as to the time of year or continuous duration of a water table, or whether or not soil wetness had changed as a result of improved drainage. The results of this study highlight the dynamic water-table relationships between and within Waikato soils. For detailed land-use interpretations based on depth to a water table it is advisable to take watertable measurements at the site itself rather than to rely on assessments based on soil colour. When measurement is not practical, the worst conditions indicated by soil colour should be used for interpretations and planning soil management.

LYSIMETERS WITH RAINFALL AND SOIL WATER CONTROL

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. KRISTENSEN ◽  
H. C. ASLYNG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Radiation Equipment ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Growth Experiments

The lysimeter installation described comprises 36 concrete tanks each with a soil surface of 4 m2. The installation is useful for plant growth experiments under natural conditions involving different treatment combined with various controlled water supplies. The ground installation is at least 20 cm below the soil surface and tillage can be done with field implements. The lysimeter tanks are provided with a drainage system which can drain the soil at the bottom (100 cm depth) to a tension of up to 100 cm. A constant ground-water table at less than 100 cm soil depth can also be maintained. The soil moisture content at different depths is determined from an underground tunnel by use of gamma radiation equipment in metal tubes horizontally installed in the soil. Rainfall is prevented by a movable glass roof automatically operated and controlled by a special rain sensor. Water is applied to the soil surface with a special trickle irrigation system consisting of a set of plastic tubes for each lysimeter tank and controlled from the tunnel. Fertilizers in controlled amount can be applied with the irrigation water.

THE EFFECT OF GROUNDWATER ON SOIL FORMATION IN A MORAINAL LANDSCAPE IN SASKATCHEWAN

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. MILLER ◽  
D. F. ACTON ◽  
R. J. ST. ARNAUD
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Depth To Water Table ◽  
Water Tables

The results of this study indicate the importance of groundwater flow and water table depth on the genesis, characteristics and distribution of soils within a hummocky morainal landscape. Non-saline and non-carbonated soils in upland depressions can be attributed to "depression-focused" recharge by snowmelt and snowmelt runoff in the spring, as evidenced by deep sola and/or eluvial horizons. Non-saline and carbonated soils on lower slopes adjacent to depressions are associated with local discharge and/or lateral flow from the adjacent groundwater mounds under the depressions in spring, as well as upward flow in the summer resulting from water use by phreatophytes such as willows, creating a water table depression around the slough fringes. Saline and carbonated soils at low elevations are associated with shallow and rather stable water tables, and local discharge from surrounding uplands. Soil types on uplands are more dependent on slope position and infiltration than on depth to water table or groundwater flow. Non-saline soils of different profile types occur on mid- and upper slope positions. These areas have a deep water table with mainly recharge or lateral flow occurring in the saturated zone. The infiltration of surface runoff water in upland depressions is the dominant factor influencing the distribution of soluble salts in this hummocky landscape. Key words: Water table, landscape position, recharge, discharge, soluble salts, soil genesis, morphology, carbonate soil

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variation of methane emissions in drained eutrophic peat agro-ecosystems: drainage ditches as emission hotspots

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1237-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Schrier-Uijl ◽  
E. M. Veenendaal ◽  
P. A. Leffelaar ◽  
J. C. van Huissteden ◽  
F. Berendse
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Abstract. Our research investigates the spatial and temporal variability of methane (CH4) emissions in two drained eutrophic peat areas (one intensively managed and the other less intensively managed) and the correlation between CH4 emissions and soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture content and water table. We stratified the landscape into landscape elements that represent different conditions in terms of topography and therefore differ in moisture conditions. There was great spatial variability in the fluxes in both areas; the ditches and ditch edges (together 27% of the landscape) were methane hotspots whereas the dry fields had the smallest fluxes. In the intensively managed site the fluxes were significantly higher by comparison with the less intensively managed site. In all the landscape element elements the best explanatory variable for CH4 emission was temperature. Neither soil moisture content nor water table correlated significantly with CH4 emissions, except in April, where soil moisture was the best explanatory variable.

scholarly journals Performance of Global Atmospheric Datasets towards Groundwater Management

10.29007/5swr ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolina Bongioannini Cerlini ◽  
Silvia Meniconi ◽  
Bruno Brunone
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Groundwater Management ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Reliable Tool ◽  
Umbria Region ◽  
Medium Range

With the aim of refining a reliable tool for groundwater management, the ERA-Interim and ERA5 global atmospheric datasets provided by the European Centre for Medium- Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are examined. Attention is focused on the analysis of the behavior of the soil moisture content. The performance of ERA-Interim and ERA5 is evaluated by considering the water table measurements at three sites in the Umbria region as well as the dynamics of water flow towards the groundwater.

Dynamics of phreatophyte root growth relative to a seasonally fluctuating water table in a Mediterranean-type environment

Oecologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 170 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline A. Canham ◽  
Raymond H. Froend ◽  
William D. Stock ◽  
Muriel Davies
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Table

Laboratory and field studies on the degradation of fipronil in a soil

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Guo Ying ◽  
Rai Kookana
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Transformation Product ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Sulfone Derivatives

Degradation of a new insecticide/termiticide, fipronil, in a soil was studied in the laboratory and field. Three metabolites of fipronil (desulfinyl, sulfide, and sulfone derivatives) were identified from soils after treatment. Laboratory studies showed that soil moisture content had a great effect on the degradation rate of fipronil and products formed. High soil moisture contents (>50%) favored the formation of a sulfide derivative of fipronil by reduction, whereas low soil moisture (<50%) and well-aerated conditions favored the formation of fipronil sulfone by oxidation. Microorganisms in soil accelerated the degradation of fipronil to sulfide and sulfone derivatives. The third transformation product, a desulfinyl derivative, was formed by photodecomposition of fipronil in water and on the soil surface under sunlight. The desulfinyl derivative degraded rapidly in field soils with a half-life of 41–55 days compared with an average half-life of 132 days for fipronil. The half-life of the 'total toxic component' (fipronil and its metabolites) in field soil was 188 days on average.

scholarly journals Root-growth Characteristics Contributing to Genotypic Variation in Nitrogen Efficiency of Bottle Gourd and Rootstock Potential for Watermelon

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Ulas ◽  
Esat Doganci ◽  
Firdes Ulas ◽  
Halit Yetisir
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Agricultural Faculty ◽  
Active Root

In this study, two hydroponic experiments were conducted in nutrient solution growth system. Experiments were conducted in growth chamber of Erciyes University, Agricultural Faculty in Kayseri, Turkey. In the first experiment, 10 local Turkish bottle gourd genotypes and two commercial watermelon cultivars were screened under 2 N doses (0.3 mM and 3.0 mM N) in RBD design with three replications for six weeks. In the second experiment, four genotypes (N-efficient: 70-07 and 07-45, N-inefficient: 35-10 and 45-07) were selected and used as rootstock for grafting with N-inefficient watermelon cultivar (Crimson Sweet) under 2 N doses. The grafted N-efficient gourd genotypes (07-45 and 70-07) significantly contributed to growth and biomass production of the N-inefficient watermelon plants as compared to non-grafted control plants and thus showed a higher rootstock potential for watermelon. The N-efficiency of some gourd genotypes was associated with vigor root growth and active root system particularly at low N conditions. These traits could be useful characters to select ‘N-efficient’ bottle gourd rootstocks for sustainable agriculture in the future.

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