Contamination of soil with zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium in the Wollongong city area

Soil Research ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Beavington
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Area ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Industrial Land ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Grid Sampling ◽  
City Area ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Extractable Soil ◽  
Soil Zinc

From a grid sampling procedure over 56 km2 of the Wollongong city area, levels of acetic acid-extractable soil zinc, lead, and cadmium, and EDTA-extractable soil copper, have been investigated. Mean levels of these metals in four groups of urban grassland, namely, farm land, recreational land, industrial land, and roadsides, are up to 10 times greater than those in a rural control area. Highest levels of all four metals are found in the Port Kembla industrial area, where 21 samples within 1 km of the main heavy metals smelting complex have mean values of 82 p.p.m. zinc, 343 p.p.m. copper, 21 p.p.m. lead (15 samples), and 2.8 p.p.m. cadmium (11 samples); mean levels in the rural area are 2.7 p.p.m. zinc, 5.3 p.p.m. copper, <1 p.p.m. lead, < 1 p.p.m, cadmium. Profile samples show that all four contaminants were very largely concentrated in the top 15 cm soil, confirming an airborne origin.

scholarly journals A New Upper Bound for Sampling Numbers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Nagel ◽  
Martin Schäfer ◽  
Tino Ullrich
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Reproducing Kernel ◽  
Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Compact Embedding ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Grid Sampling ◽  
Integrable Functions ◽  
Random Draw ◽  
Square Integrable Functions

AbstractWe provide a new upper bound for sampling numbers $$(g_n)_{n\in \mathbb {N}}$$ ( g n ) n ∈ N associated with the compact embedding of a separable reproducing kernel Hilbert space into the space of square integrable functions. There are universal constants $$C,c>0$$ C , c > 0 (which are specified in the paper) such that $$\begin{aligned} g^2_n \le \frac{C\log (n)}{n}\sum \limits _{k\ge \lfloor cn \rfloor } \sigma _k^2,\quad n\ge 2, \end{aligned}$$ g n 2 ≤ C log ( n ) n ∑ k ≥ ⌊ c n ⌋ σ k 2 , n ≥ 2 , where $$(\sigma _k)_{k\in \mathbb {N}}$$ ( σ k ) k ∈ N is the sequence of singular numbers (approximation numbers) of the Hilbert–Schmidt embedding $$\mathrm {Id}:H(K) \rightarrow L_2(D,\varrho _D)$$ Id : H ( K ) → L 2 ( D , ϱ D ) . The algorithm which realizes the bound is a least squares algorithm based on a specific set of sampling nodes. These are constructed out of a random draw in combination with a down-sampling procedure coming from the celebrated proof of Weaver’s conjecture, which was shown to be equivalent to the Kadison–Singer problem. Our result is non-constructive since we only show the existence of a linear sampling operator realizing the above bound. The general result can for instance be applied to the well-known situation of $$H^s_{\text {mix}}(\mathbb {T}^d)$$ H mix s ( T d ) in $$L_2(\mathbb {T}^d)$$ L 2 ( T d ) with $$s>1/2$$ s > 1 / 2 . We obtain the asymptotic bound $$\begin{aligned} g_n \le C_{s,d}n^{-s}\log (n)^{(d-1)s+1/2}, \end{aligned}$$ g n ≤ C s , d n - s log ( n ) ( d - 1 ) s + 1 / 2 , which improves on very recent results by shortening the gap between upper and lower bound to $$\sqrt{\log (n)}$$ log ( n ) . The result implies that for dimensions $$d>2$$ d > 2 any sparse grid sampling recovery method does not perform asymptotically optimal.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION AND AIR POLLUTION ON INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF MELIA AZEDARACH L. LEAVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1326-1333
Author(s):  
V. Abozaid ◽  
H. Arif Abdulrahman ◽  
D. Ayoub Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Layer Width ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Impact

This study was performed to investigate the impact of air pollution on leaf area and anatomical features of Melia azedarach L. trees, in urban areas with three demographical classes: location (I) industrial area, location (II) roadside area and free parts (control area) as a location (III) of Duhok city/Kurdistan Region-Iraq, during July 2021. The results demonstrated that the leaf area of selected plants' leaves in location I had reduced with no noticeable change in the average stomata density in the three locations I, II and Ⅲ. Meanwhile, the results of the most anatomical features of the blade (blade, lower cuticle, epidermis (both upper and lower) thickness, palisade layer height and spongy parenchyma width) in addition to midrib parameters (epidermis thickness (upper and lower), collenchyma and parenchyma layer width, phloem and xylem width and pith diameter) were decreased in both locations I, II, and with well-developed anatomical features in location III.

Study of lead and cadmium content of surface enamel of schoolchildren from an industrial area in Belgium

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cleymaet ◽  
Peter Bottenberg ◽  
Dick Slop ◽  
Robert Clara ◽  
Danny Coomans
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Area ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

scholarly journals ANALYTICAL MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE POPULATION OF ARTHROPODS IN THE NON-BLACK EARTH ZONE

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Vasilevich ◽  
Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Monthly Average Temperature ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Average Precipitation

The article provides an example of mathematical analytical modeling of the population size of blood-sucking arthropods on the example of mosquitoes and ixodid ticks that inhabit the Kaluga Region. The presented analytical mathematical models make it possible to clearly assess the influence of environmental factors on parasite populations. The following factors were taken into account: average temperature (monthly and yearly, t, oС); average precipitation (monthly and yearly, S, mm); mean atmospheric pressure (P, mm Hg) for mosquitoes, and monthly average temperature (t, o С), monthly mean relative humidity (Q, %), and mean atmospheric pressure (P, mm Hg) for ixodid ticks. The analysis of the obtained models shows that under weather conditions when monthly mean values of the considered factors are at a zero level, the estimated number of ixodid ticks and mosquitoes will be 1150 and 1529 individuals in the control area per year. The population of ixodid ticks is most significantly influenced by the mean atmospheric pressure; its influence is twice as strong as monthly mean humidity and 6.4 times stronger than the influence of monthly average temperature. The "+" sign indicates that the higher the atmospheric pressure is, the more active ticks are observed. Monthly average precipitation has the greatest effect on the mosquito population.

scholarly journals Assessment of Ni Toxicity to Fungi and Bacteria in Oil Tainted Soils in Greater Port Harcourt Area, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1221-1229
Author(s):  
M.P. Wanjala ◽  
L. Odokuma ◽  
I. Etela ◽  
R. Ramkat ◽  
B.A. Odogwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Sites

Intensified urbanization and industrialization are rapidly triggering the release of pollutants to the environment. This study determined the extent of soil contamination with Nickel (Ni) in oil mining areas and its effect on the levels of Ni tolerance by fungi and bacteria. The total CFUs/g of soil were enumerated after a culture period of 7 days at 28°C and LC50 was determined using probit and regression analysis. The mean values of Ni were 1.38±0.23 in industrial area, 1.41±0.36 ppm in agricultural area and 1.02±0.64 in urban area. The mean values of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) were 4,405.46 ppm in industrial area, 55.65 ppm in agricultural area and 1,304.53 ppm in urban area. Nickel’s peak concentration indicating growth of both fungi and bacteria at 150 ppm. There was significant difference (p ≤ 0.000) in the mean levels of LC50 for fungi among the study sites. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of TPH in soil and LC50 of fungi (r = -0.169) and bacteria (r = 0.042). In conclusion, TPH influenced the levels of fungi and bacteria tolerance to Ni in soils. Moreover, it was observed that LC50 can be a reliable method for monitoring chemically resistant microorganisms directly in the environment to improve the use of microorganisms for the bioremediation of oil contaminated soils and in monitoring of antibiotic resistant microorganisms in natural ecosystems.

scholarly journals The European Hot Spot of B[a]P and PM2.5 Exposure—The Ostrava Region, Czech Republic: Health Research Results

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radim J. Sram ◽  
Miroslav Dostal ◽  
Helena Libalova ◽  
Pavel Rossner ◽  
Andrea Rossnerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Asthma Bronchiale ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Area ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
The Impact

The Ostrava Region in the Czech Republic is a heavily polluted industrial area. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) significantly exceed limit values. To investigate the impact of these levels on human health, epidemiological, molecular epidemiology, and in vitro studies were done in 2008–2011. Morbidity of children was followed in 10 pediatric districts. In the most polluted district, children suffered higher incidence of acute respiratory diseases in the first year of life, and higher prevalence of asthma bronchiale. Gene expression was studied in children from Ostrava and from a control rural area. Genes specific to asthma bronchiale differed, suggesting a different molecular phenotype in children in the polluted region compared to children in the control area. A molecular epidemiology study showed adverse effect of the Ostrava exposures, but also an increased expression of XRCC5, which probably protects these exposed subjects against the degree of genetic damage that would otherwise be expected. In vitro studies clearly related concentration of B[a]P from PM2.5 extracts to induced PAH-DNA adducts. These studies clearly demonstrate that under the present local environmental conditions, the health of the population is severely impaired and will likely remain so for a significant period of time.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD COMPOSITION IN FATTENING STEERS INDUSTRIAL AREA BY THE FEEDING OF THE ADSORBENT AND ENZYME PREPARATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
C. R. Chamikoeva ◽  
P. B. Temiraev ◽  
R. S. Godgiev ◽  
V. V. Tedtova ◽  
L. V. Tsalieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Experimental Group

To reduce the risk of accumulation of heavy metals in the meat of fattened young cattle successfully used adsorbents that bind toxins and removed from the digestive tract. The detoxification effect of adsorbents increases with the skillful selection of enzyme preparations due to the synergy of action. The aim of the research is to study the effect of toxfin adsorbent and the enzyme preparation celloviridin G20x in the diets with high content of heavy metals on the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood of fattened bulls. According to the principle of pairs-analogues (taking into account the origin, sex, age, live weight) were formed 4 groups of 10 heads each. The research material is processed statistically using the software package «Microsoft Excel». In the composition of the winter diet of animals of all groups there was an excess of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in zinc level by 67.3-67.5 %, lead -by 63.4-64.6 % and cadmium - by 62.9-63.1 %, in the summer diet - by 66.4-66.6 %, 61.4-61.6 % and 60.6-60.8 %. This article presents experimental material showing that to optimize the morphological and biochemical composition of blood and increase the detoxification effect in the body of bulls on fattening should be in the diet with high levels of heavy metals together to introduce IEC celloviridin G20h at a dose of 70 g/t feed and adsorbent toxfin at a dose of 1 kg/t feed. At the same time, animals of the 3rd experimental group showed improvement of morphological and biochemical composition of blood and optimization of protective properties of their organism. The highest detoxification effect was obtained by co-feeding the tested drugs, so that in the blood of bulls of the 3 experimental group there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the concentration of zinc by 2.23 times, lead by 2.43 and cadmium by 3.00 times. At the same time, in no case in animals of the 3 experimental group in the blood there was no excess of MPC in terms of zinc, lead and cadmium.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN PERTANIAN MENJADI NON-PERTANIAN (INDUSTRI) DI KABUPATEN CIANJUR SERTA DAMPAK BAGI PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT WILAYAH SETEMPAT DI DESA SUKASIRNA KABUPATEN CIANJUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
A. Gustiwan ◽  
Lia Warlina
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Industrial Land ◽  
The Impact

Sukasirna Village is one of ten villages that existed in Kecamatan Sukaluyu. The area of Kecamatan Sukaluyu  is about 48.02 km2 or 4,802 ha. In the local Government Regulation No. 17 Year 2012 about Spatial Plan Kabupaten Cianjur in 2011 – 2031 set Kecamatan Sukaluyu bas set industrial zone. The research objectives area to identify land use change and it’s impact were to the economy of community in Desa Sukasirna. Data collection techniques were primary and secondary data collection. Primary data obtained from the results of observation and dissemination of questionnaires to the communities and farmers, while the secondary data obtained from relevant institutions agencies such as BAPPEDA, Badan Pusat Statistik, and the Office of Sukasirna Village. Method used for data analysis were descriptive analysis and overlay techniques for land use map in 2006, 2011, and 2016. The reseach resultan showed there was conversion of agricultural land into industrial land use. The area of agricultural land i.e ricefield in 2006 was 81.1 percent, in 2011 was 77 percent and in 2016, the area was 66.2 percent. The Langest conversion of agricultural land into industrial land was in 2011 to 2016 with an area of 57,37. The impact on livelihoods and people's income in 2016 had a decline in the number of farmers and there was an increasing livelihood of factory employees. The growth of industry increased the income of the community in 41 percent and additional income such as trading around the industrial area. Impacts on farmers led to a decrease in land ownership of farmers with a percentage of 48 percent, as well as other impacts on the environment were water pollution and air /sound pollution with a percentage of 70 percent.   Kata Kunci : Guna Lahan, Perubahan Guna Lahan, Pemukiman, dan Pemasukan

scholarly journals Spectrometric Determination of Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, Copper and Iron in Drinking Water Samples Across Kogi State, Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Ocheni
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Arsenic Copper ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
Determination Of Copper

The aim of the study was to determine the levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic copper and iron in 25 water samples collected from across Kogi State. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used in the determination of copper, iron, lead and cadmium while UV-visible spectrophotometer was employed in the determination of arsenic, based on the formation of Molybdoarsenate. The ranges of mean values obtained for the heavy metals are: Arsenic (0.0014to 0.0252 mg/L), Copper (0.0013to 0.0095 mg/L), Lead (0.0001to 0.024 mg/L), Cadmium (0.003 to 0.072 mg/L) and Iron (0.0068 to 0.1242 mg/L). The results revealed that the River, Stream and Tap water sampled were contaminated with Arsenic (As), whereas, the levels of Fe, Cu and Pb were within the recommended limit set by WHO and NAFDAC. Though the level of cadmium (Cd) falls within acceptable limit in some of water samples, its high concentration in Isanlu should attract the attention of the authority in this area in curbing the growing threat.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document