Corrigendum to: Early growing season immobilisation affects post-tillering wheat nitrogen uptake from crop stubble and 15N fertiliser in a sandy soil

Soil Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Pilar Muschietti Piana ◽  
Therese Marie McBeath ◽  
Ann Marie McNeill ◽  
Pablo Ariel Cipriotti ◽  
Vadakattu Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil System ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Energy Limitation

In semiarid sandy soil environments there is a dual challenge of carbon and nitrogen (N) limitation that needs to be managed to ensure timely supply of N to crops. Management of N inputs to soil using combinations of legume stubble addition and fertiliser N in cereal systems is essential to meet crop demand and maintain N in soil organic matter. The aim of this study was to assess soil mineral and biological N pools that influence N supply and N uptake of wheat at early growth stages. The recovery of 15N-labelled fertiliser by wheat was evaluated using a factorial combination of either wheat, lupin or no stubble incorporated with or without 15N fertiliser in a sandy soil system. Soil and plant samples were collected at sowing, tillering, first node and booting to monitor changes in N pools and 15N uptake by the wheat. Crop stubble incorporation one week before sowing increased biological N pools in the surface soil (0–10 cm). Early N immobilisation (sowing–tillering) in all the treatments without 15N fertiliser may have limited N availability for wheat uptake in the subsequent period (tillering–first node), when fertiliser N appeared critical to maximise N supply for plant requirements. Up to 38% of the 15N fertiliser applied at sowing was incorporated into the soil microbial biomass pool, so that fertiliser N was critical to relieve short-term inherent N limitations for both plant and microbial growth, and to supply the longer-term biological pools (microbial biomass) to support subsequent mineralisation potential. Reducing the energy limitation to the microbial pool through inputs of carbon from stubble was also critical to ensure fertiliser N supplied sufficient N to satisfy plant demand later in the growing period. These results have implications for management decisions on semiarid sandy soil systems that aim to synchronise N from inputs of legume stubbles and fertiliser with crop N demand during early growth stages of wheat.

scholarly journals Aspects of nitrogen use efficiency of cauliflower II. Productivity and nitrogen partitioning as influenced by N supply

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KAGE ◽  
C. ALT ◽  
H. STÜTZEL
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil System ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Use Efficiency

Based on studies concerning dry matter (DM) partitioning, DM production, root growth, nitrogen (N) contents of cauliflower organs and soil nitrate availability (first part of the paper Kage et al. 2003b), an integrated simulation model for the cauliflower/soil system is constructed, parameterized and evaluated.Dry matter production of cauliflower is described and predicted using a simple light use efficiency (LUE) based approach assuming a linear decrease of light use efficiency with increasing differences between actual, NCAProt, and ‘optimal’, NCAoptProt area based leaf protein concentrations. For 2 experimental years the decline of LUE with decreasing nitrogen concentration was at 0·82 and 0·75 (g DM×m2/(MJ×g N)). Using the parameters obtained from the first experimental year shoot DM production data of cauliflower from five independent experiments with varied N supply containing intermediate harvests could be predicted with a residual mean square error (RMSE) of 72 g/m2 for intermediate harvest DM values ranging from about 50 to 900 g/m2. Nitrogen uptake and partitioning of cauliflower was simulated using functions describing an organ size dependent decline of N content. Leaf nitrate was considered explicitly as a radiation intensity dependent pool, mobilized first under N deficiency. The curd was assumed to have a sink priority for nitrogen. The model predicted shoot N uptake including data of intermediate harvest with a RMSE of 2·4 g/m2 for intermediate harvest N values ranging from about 3 to 30 g/m2. Nitrogen uptake of cauliflower at final harvest was correlated to final leaf number.A scenario simulation was carried out to quantify seasonal variation in N uptake of cauliflower cultivars under unrestricted N availability. Due to variations in the length of the vernalization phase, simulated shoot N uptake ranged from about 260 kg N/ha for spring planted crops to about 290 kg N/ha for summer planted crops of the cultivar ‘Fremont’. The cultivar ‘Linday’, which shows a more severe delay of vernalization under high temperatures, shows on average a larger shoot N uptake for summer planted crops of about 320 kg N/ha and a much larger variation of shoot N uptake.

Impact of tillage and landscape position on nitrogen availability and yield of spring wheat in the Brown soil zone in southwestern Saskatchewan

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jowkin ◽  
J. J. Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop N Uptake

Nitrogen availability to a spring wheat crop was examined in the cropping season in a side-by-side comparison of no-till (first year) and tillage fallow in an undulating farm field in the Brown soil zone in southwestern Saskatchewan. Thirty different sampling points along a grid in each tillage landscape were randomly selected, representing 10 each of shoulder, footslope and level landscape positions. Nitrogen availability was studied i) by profile inorganic N content ii) by crop N uptake and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and iii) by 15N tracer technique and in situ burial of anion exchange resin membranes (AEM).Pre-seeding available moisture content of the surface soil samples was significantly higher under no-till compared with tillage fallow. However, no significant differences in pre-seeding profile total inorganic N, crop N uptake and yield were observed between the treatments. At the landform scale, shoulder positions of the respective tillage systems had lower profile inorganic N, crop N uptake and yield compared with other slope positions. Soil N supply power, as determined by 15N tracer and AEM techniques, was not significantly different between the tillage treatments, indicating that N availability is not likely to be greatly affected in initial years by switching to no-till fallow in these soils under normal moisture conditions. Key words: Summerfallow, landscape, nitrogen, wheat

scholarly journals Nitrogen Availability and Use Efficiency in Wheat Crop as Influenced by the Organic-Input Quality Under Major Integrated Nutrient Management Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Bhardwaj ◽  
Deepika Rajwar ◽  
Rajender K. Yadav ◽  
Suresh K. Chaudhari ◽  
Dinesh K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Available N ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Use Efficiency

PurposeOne of the serious constraints for the integration of organics in soil fertility plans is the release and availability of nitrogen (N) to match the critical growth stages of a crop. The interplay between organic amendment characteristics and soil moisture conditions can significantly affect the nutrient release and availability, especially for dryland crops like wheat. In this study, the effects of integrated nutrient management strategies using diverse qualities of organic amendments on daily N mineralization and its availability to plants during the full growing season of the wheat crop were analyzed in a 10-year experiment.MethodsThe management included (1) F, inorganic fertilizers at 100% rate, compared to a reduced rate of inorganic fertilizers (55% N) supplemented with organic inputs via (2) GM, green manuring, (3) LE, legume cropping and its biomass recycling, (4) WS, wheat stubble retention, (5) RS, rice stubble retention, and (6) FYM, farmyard manure application, during the preceding rice season. Ion exchange resin (IER) membrane strips were used as plant root simulators to determine daily NH4+-N and NO3–-N availability in soil solution during the full wheat growing period.ResultsTotal available N for the full season was in the following order: GM (962 μg cm–2) > F (878 μg cm–2) > LE (872 μg cm–2) > FYM (865 μg cm–2) > RS (687 μg cm–2) > WS (649 μg cm–2). No significant differences were observed in NH4+-N availability throughout the cropping period as compared to NO3–-N which showed significant differences among management at critical crop growth stages.ConclusionLegume biomass incorporation (GM, LE) and farmyard manure (FYM) based management provided the most consistent supply equivalent to or even exceeding 100% inorganic fertilizers at several critical stages of growth, especially at tillering and stem elongation. Integration of organics in management increased nitrogen use efficiency 1.3–2.0 times, with cereal crop residue-based management having the highest efficiency followed by legume biomass incorporation.

Influence of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and supplementary irrigation on greenhouse gas emissions from a spring wheat crop in southern Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. LAM ◽  
D. CHEN ◽  
R. NORTON ◽  
R. ARMSTRONG ◽  
A. R. MOSIER
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYThe effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from semi-arid cropping systems is poorly understood. Closed static chambers were used to measure the fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), CO2and methane (CH4) from a spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL. cv. Yitpi) crop-soil system at the Australian grains free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (AGFACE) facility at Horsham in southern Australia in 2009. The targeted atmospheric CO2concentrations (hereafter CO2concentration is abbreviated as [CO2]) were 390 (ambient) and 550 (elevated) μmol/mol for both rainfed and supplementary irrigated treatments. Gas measurements were conducted at five key growth stages of wheat. Elevated [CO2] increased the emission of N2O and CO2by 108 and 29%, respectively, with changes being greater during the wheat vegetative stage. Supplementary irrigation reduced N2O emission by 36%, suggesting that N2O was reduced to N2in the denitrification process. Irrigation increased CO2flux by 26% at ambient [CO2] but not at elevated [CO2], and had no impact on CH4flux. The present results suggest that under future atmospheric [CO2], agricultural GHG emissions at the vegetative stage may be higher and irrigation is likely to reduce the emissions from semi-arid cropping systems.

The Influence of Nitrogen on the Elevated CO2 Response in Field-Grown Rice

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
LH Ziska ◽  
W Weerakoon ◽  
OS Namuco ◽  
R Pamplona
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Root Production ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Co2 Response ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
N Supply

Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR72) was grown in the tropics at ambient (345 μL L-1) or twice ambient (elevated, 700 μL L-1) CO2, concentration at three levels of supplemental nitrogen (N) (no additional N (N0), 90 kg ha-1 (N1) and 200 kg ha-1 (N2)) in open-top chambers under irrigated field conditions from seeding until flowering. The primary objective of the study was to determine if N supply alters the sensitivity of growth and photosynthesis of field-grown rice to enriched CO2. A second objective was to determine the influence of elevated CO2 on N uptake and tissue concentrations. Although photosynthesis was initially stimulated at the leaf and canopy level with elevated CO2 regardless of supplemental N supply, with time the photosynthetic response became highly dependent on the level of supplemental N, increasing proportionally as N availability increased. Similarly, a synergistic effect was noted between CO2 and N with respect to above-ground biomass with no effect of elevated CO2 observed for the No treatment. Most of the increase in above-ground biomass with increasing CO2 and N was associated with increased tiller and, to a lesser extent, root production. The concentration of above-ground N decreased at elevated CO2 regardless of N treatment; however, total above-ground N did not change for the N1 and N2 treatments because of the greater amount of biomass associated with elevated CO2. For rice, the photosynthetic and growth response to elevated CO2 may be highly dependent on the supply of N. If additional CO2 is given and N is not available, lack of sinks for excess carbon (e.g. tillers) may limit the photosynthetic and growth response.

scholarly journals The Response of Grain Yield and Root Morphological and Physiological Traits to Nitrogen Levels in Paddy Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xin ◽  
Hualong Liu ◽  
Hongwei Zhao ◽  
Jingguo Wang ◽  
Hongliang Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Cytokinin Content ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Late Growth

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop in China. Although it is known that its yield is restricted by nitrogen (N) supply, the response of the root system to N supply specifically has not been systematically explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of N uptake on grain yield to clarify the relationships between root morphophysiological traits and N uptake, and to understand relation between phytohormones and root morphophysiological traits. Two N-efficient absorption cultivars (NEAs) and two N-inefficient absorption cultivars (NIAs) were grown in the field, and three N conditions, deficient N (60 kg ha–1), intermediate N (180 kg ha–1), and sufficient N (240 kg ha–1), were applied during the growing season. The results showed higher dry matter and grain yield in NEAs than in NIAs, which was mainly attributed to increased N uptake in the mid- and late growth stages under all N conditions. And NEAs have different root regulation methods to obtain higher N accumulation and yield under different N supply conditions. Under lower N conditions, compared with NIAs, NEAs shown greater total root length, root oxidation activity, and root active absorbing surface area and smaller root diameter owing to higher indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin content and lower 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content in the early growth stages to respond to low N stress faster, laying a morphophysiological basis for its high N-uptake capacity in the mid- and late growth stages. Under higher N conditions, NEAs had higher root oxidation activity and root active absorbing surface area for N uptake and yield formation owing to higher abscisic acid and cytokinin content in the mid- and late growth stages, which improved the seed setting rate, thereby increasing the rice grain yield. These results suggest that NEAs can optimize the morphophysiological characteristics of roots through phytohormone regulation to adapt to different nutrient conditions, thereby promoting N accumulation and yield formation in rice.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Microbial Biomass, Nitrogen Mineralization and Crop Uptake in Response to Placement of Maize Residue Returned to Chinese Mollisols over the Maize Growing Season

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1166
Author(s):  
Yan Gao ◽  
Aizhen Liang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Neil McLaughlin ◽  
Shixiu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Maize Growth

Returning residue to soils is not only an effective nutrient management method, but also can reduce the air pollution caused by residue burning, which has become an important factor in global warming. However, it is not clear whether returning residue to the soil can affect the nitrogen mineralization and the nitrogen cycle process, and the environmental impact caused by the nitrogen loss in gaseous forms. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of residue placement on the nitrogen turnover process, including microbial biomass N (MBN) and C (MBC), inorganic N, crop N uptake, and the contribution of residue-derived N to maize at different maize growth stages. Three treatments were assessed: no residue addition (T0), residue addition to the soil surface (T1), and residue incorporation into the 0–10 cm soil layer (T2). Soil samples were taken at the 0–5 and 5–10 cm layers for all residue treatments. Residue retention (T1 and T2) significantly affected the MBC and MBN contents and decreased MBC/MBN ratio at different maize growth stages. MBC/MBN markedly increased at the R1 stage compared to other growth stages. The differences in total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) were attributed to the balance in net N immobilization and net mineralization in the different maize growth stages. In addition, T2 significantly increased the residue-derived N source for maize by 11.3% compared to T0 in the R3 growth stage. Overall, relative to T1, T2 is a better agriculture management measure to promote N transformation and supply, and enhance residue-derived N release and uptake in maize.

scholarly journals Root, soil water and nitrogen dynamics in a catch crop - soil system in the Wageningen Rhizolab

1998 ◽  
pp. 267-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Van Dam ◽  
P.A. Leffelaar
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Catch Crops ◽  
Soil System ◽  
N Concentration

Catch crops (winter rye [Secale cereale] and fodder radish [Raphanus sativus]) were grown on lysimeters with rhizotron facilities in Wageningen, Netherlands, from September-March (1993-94) and August-March (1994-95) in order to study root growth and water and nitrogen dynamics under different regimes of irrigation and N supply. Catch crops took up 20-30 g N/msuperscript 2, of which 37-48% was present in dead leaves in March. Rooting depth increased by 2.6 cm/day for both species at the start of the growing season. Catch cropping reduced the NO-3-N concentration in the soil considerably, initially in the top layers and then further down the soil profile. The reduction in total leached N was similar to the total crop N uptake. Nitrate-N concentrations in leached water were reduced by 49-85 mg/litre (62-99%), depending upon N availability and irrigation. Due to catch cropping the NO-3-N concentration in the percolate decreased with increasing irrigation (or precipitation), whereas the amount of N leached increased with irrigation. Evapotranspiration from a catch cropped soil was close to the potential evapotranspiration under optimal growth conditions.

scholarly journals Seed Meals from Brassicaceae Oilseed Crops as Soil Amendments: Influence on Carrot Growth, Microbial Biomass Nitrogen, and Nitrogen Mineralization

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Snyder ◽  
Matthew J. Morra ◽  
Jodi Johnson-Maynard ◽  
Donald C. Thill
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Total N

Brassicaceae seed meals (BSMs) average 6% nitrogen (N) by weight and contain glucosinolates (GLSs) that produce biologically active compounds. A two-season field study was initiated to determine how Brassica juncea L., Brassica napus L., and Sinapis alba L. seed meals, each with different glucosinolate profiles, alter carrot (Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus) growth, microbial biomass N (MBN), and soil N mineralization. BSM applications of 1 and 2 t·ha−1 36 days before planting did not influence carrot emergence, whereas carrot emergence decreased up to 40% in S. alba treatments seeded 15 days after BSM application. Crop quality was unaffected by BSM treatments and total fresh market yields were equal to or higher than the unamended controls in both years. At 4 and 8 days after seed meal application, MBN in the high-GLS B. juncea and S. alba treatments was 48% to 67% lower than in the low-GLS B. napus treatment. Seasonal apparent net N mineralized expressed as a percentage of the total N applied in the seed meals was unaffected by glucosinolate concentration and ranged from 30% to 81% across both years. BSMs can be used to increase soil inorganic N and carrot yields, but crop phytotoxicity is possible depending on the meal and its respective glucosinolate content. GLS degradation products inhibit microbial N uptake in the short term, but longer-term N availability is not compromised.

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