The Influence of Nitrogen on the Elevated CO2 Response in Field-Grown Rice

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
LH Ziska ◽  
W Weerakoon ◽  
OS Namuco ◽  
R Pamplona
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Root Production ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Co2 Response ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
N Supply

Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR72) was grown in the tropics at ambient (345 μL L-1) or twice ambient (elevated, 700 μL L-1) CO2, concentration at three levels of supplemental nitrogen (N) (no additional N (N0), 90 kg ha-1 (N1) and 200 kg ha-1 (N2)) in open-top chambers under irrigated field conditions from seeding until flowering. The primary objective of the study was to determine if N supply alters the sensitivity of growth and photosynthesis of field-grown rice to enriched CO2. A second objective was to determine the influence of elevated CO2 on N uptake and tissue concentrations. Although photosynthesis was initially stimulated at the leaf and canopy level with elevated CO2 regardless of supplemental N supply, with time the photosynthetic response became highly dependent on the level of supplemental N, increasing proportionally as N availability increased. Similarly, a synergistic effect was noted between CO2 and N with respect to above-ground biomass with no effect of elevated CO2 observed for the No treatment. Most of the increase in above-ground biomass with increasing CO2 and N was associated with increased tiller and, to a lesser extent, root production. The concentration of above-ground N decreased at elevated CO2 regardless of N treatment; however, total above-ground N did not change for the N1 and N2 treatments because of the greater amount of biomass associated with elevated CO2. For rice, the photosynthetic and growth response to elevated CO2 may be highly dependent on the supply of N. If additional CO2 is given and N is not available, lack of sinks for excess carbon (e.g. tillers) may limit the photosynthetic and growth response.

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen Loading on the Defensive Traits of Three Successional Deciduous Broad-Leaved Tree Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Yoko Watanabe ◽  
Kiyomi Hinata ◽  
Laiye Qu ◽  
Satoshi Kitaoka ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Successional Species

To elucidate changes in the defensive traits of tree seedlings under global environmental changes, we evaluated foliar defensive traits of the seedlings of successional trees, such as beech, oak, and magnolia grown in a natural-light phytotron. Potted seedlings were grown under the combination of two CO2 concentrations (360 vs. 720 ppm) and two nitrogen (N) treatments (4 vs. 15 kg N ha−1 yr−1) for two growing seasons using quantitative chemical analyses and anatomical method. We hypothesized that the effects of CO2 and N depend on the successional type, with late successional species providing greater defense of their leaves against herbivores, as this species exhibits determinate growth. Beech, a late successional species, responded the most to both elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) and high N treatment. eCO2 and low N supply enhanced the defensive traits, such as the high leaf mass per area (LMA), high carbon to N ratio (C/N ratio), and increase in the concentrations of total phenolic and condensed tannin in agreement with the carbon–nutrient balance (CNB) hypothesis. High N supply decreased the C/N ratio due to the high N uptake in beech leaves. Oak, a mid–late successional species, exhibited different responses from beech: eCO2 enhanced the LMA, C/N ratio, and concentration of total phenolics of oak leaves, but only condensed tannin increased under high N supply. Magnolia did not respond to all treatments. No interactive effects were observed between CO2 and N supply in all species, except for the concentration of total phenolics in oak. Although the amounts of phenolic compounds in beech and oak varied under eCO2 and high N treatments, the distribution of these compounds did not change. Our results indicate that the changes in the defensive traits of forest tree species under eCO2 with N loading are related to the successional type.

Legumes intercropped with spring barley contribute to increased biomass production and carry-over effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. PAPPA ◽  
R. M. REES ◽  
R. L. WALKER ◽  
J. A. BADDELEY ◽  
C. A. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Carry Over

SUMMARYIntercropping systems that include legumes can provide symbiotically fixed nitrogen (N) and potentially increase yield through improved resource use efficiency. The aims of the present study were: (a) to evaluate the effects of different legumes (species and varieties) and barley on grain yield, dry matter production and N uptake of the intercrop treatments compared with the associated cereal sole crop; (b) to assess the effects on the yields of the next grain crop and (c) to determine the accumulation of N in shoots of the crops in a low-input rotation. An experiment was established near Edinburgh, UK, consisting of 12 hydrologically isolated plots. Treatments were a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cvar Westminster) sole crop and intercrops of barley/white clover (Trifolium repens cvar Alice) and barley/pea (Pisum sativum cvar Zero4 or cvar Nitouche) in 2006. All the plots were sown with spring oats (Avena sativa cvar Firth) in 2007 and perennial ryegrass in 2008. No fertilizers, herbicides or pesticides were used at any stage of the experiment. Above-ground biomass (barley, clover, pea, oat and ryegrass) and grain yields (barley, pea and oat) were measured at key stages during the growing seasons of 2006, 2007 and 2008; land equivalent ratio (LER) was measured only in 2006. At harvest, the total above-ground biomass of barley intercropped with clover (4·56 t biomass/ha) and barley intercropped with pea cvar Zero4 (4·49 t biomass/ha) were significantly different from the barley sole crop (3·05 t biomass/ha; P<0·05). The grain yield of the barley (2006) intercropped with clover (3·36 t grain/ha) was significantly greater than that in the other treatments (P<0·01). The accumulation of N in barley was low in 2006, but significantly higher (P<0·05) in the oat grown the following year on the same plots. The present study demonstrates for the first time that intercrops can affect the grain yield and N uptake of the following crop (spring oats) in a rotation. Differences were also linked to the contrasting legume species and cultivars present in the previous year's intercrop. Legume choice is essential to optimize the plant productivity in intercropping designs. Cultivars chosen for intercropping purposes must take into account the effects upon the growth of the partner crop/s as well as to the following crop, including environmental factors.

scholarly journals Species Interactions Improve Above-Ground Biomass and Land Use Efficiency in Intercropped Wheat and Chickpea under Low Soil Inputs

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latati ◽  
Dokukin ◽  
Aouiche ◽  
Rebouh ◽  
Takouachet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Use Efficiency

Little is known about how the performance of legumes symbiosis affects biomass and nutrient accumulation by intercropped cereals under the field condition. To assess the agricultural services of an intercropping system; durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum L.cv. VITRON) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.cv. FLIP 90/13 C) were cultivated as both intercrops and sole cropping during two growing seasons under the field trial, to compare plant biomass, nodulation, N and phosphorus (P) uptake, and N nutrition index. Both the above-ground biomass and grain yield and consequently, the amount of N taken up by intercropped durum wheat increased significantly (44%, 48%, and 30%, respectively) compared with sole cropping during the two seasons. However, intercropping decreased P uptake by both durum wheat and chickpea. The efficiency in use of rhizobial symbiosis (EURS) for intercropped chickpea was significantly higher than for chickpea grown as sole cropping. The intercropped chickpea considerably increased N (49%) and P (75%) availability in durum wheat rhizosphere. In the case of chickpea shoot, the N nutrition (defined by the ratio between actual and critical N uptake by crop) and acquisition were higher in intercropping during only the first year of cropping. Moreover, biomass, grin yield, and resource (N and P) use efficiency were significantly improved, as indicated by higher land equivalent ratio (LER > 1) in intercropping over sole cropping treatments. Our findings suggest that change in the intercropped chickpea rhizosphere-induced parameters facilitated P and N uptake, above-ground biomass, grain yield, and land use efficiency for wheat crop.

scholarly journals Root growth and N dynamics in response to multi-year experimental warming, summer drought and elevated CO2 in a mixed heathland-grass ecosystem

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Arndal ◽  
I. K. Schmidt ◽  
J. Kongstad ◽  
C. Beier ◽  
A. Michelsen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Biomass N

Ecosystems exposed to elevated CO2 are often found to sequester more atmospheric carbon due to increased plant growth. We exposed a Danish heath ecosystem to elevated CO2, elevated temperature and extended summer drought alone and in all combinations in order to study whether the expected increased growth would be matched by an increase in root nutrient uptake of NH4+-N and NO3– -N. Root growth was significantly increased by elevated CO2. The roots, however, did not fully compensate for the higher growth with a similar increase in nitrogen uptake per unit of root mass. Hence the nitrogen concentration in roots was decreased in elevated CO2, whereas the biomass N pool was unchanged or even increased. The higher net root production in elevated CO2 might be a strategy for the plants to cope with increased nutrient demand leading to a long-term increase in N uptake on a whole-plant basis. Drought reduced grass root biomass and N uptake, especially when combined with warming, but CO2 was the most pronounced main factor effect. Several significant interactions of the treatments were found, which indicates that the responses were nonadditive and that changes to multiple environmental changes cannot be predicted from single-factor responses alone.

scholarly journals Aspects of nitrogen use efficiency of cauliflower II. Productivity and nitrogen partitioning as influenced by N supply

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KAGE ◽  
C. ALT ◽  
H. STÜTZEL
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil System ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Use Efficiency

Based on studies concerning dry matter (DM) partitioning, DM production, root growth, nitrogen (N) contents of cauliflower organs and soil nitrate availability (first part of the paper Kage et al. 2003b), an integrated simulation model for the cauliflower/soil system is constructed, parameterized and evaluated.Dry matter production of cauliflower is described and predicted using a simple light use efficiency (LUE) based approach assuming a linear decrease of light use efficiency with increasing differences between actual, NCAProt, and ‘optimal’, NCAoptProt area based leaf protein concentrations. For 2 experimental years the decline of LUE with decreasing nitrogen concentration was at 0·82 and 0·75 (g DM×m2/(MJ×g N)). Using the parameters obtained from the first experimental year shoot DM production data of cauliflower from five independent experiments with varied N supply containing intermediate harvests could be predicted with a residual mean square error (RMSE) of 72 g/m2 for intermediate harvest DM values ranging from about 50 to 900 g/m2. Nitrogen uptake and partitioning of cauliflower was simulated using functions describing an organ size dependent decline of N content. Leaf nitrate was considered explicitly as a radiation intensity dependent pool, mobilized first under N deficiency. The curd was assumed to have a sink priority for nitrogen. The model predicted shoot N uptake including data of intermediate harvest with a RMSE of 2·4 g/m2 for intermediate harvest N values ranging from about 3 to 30 g/m2. Nitrogen uptake of cauliflower at final harvest was correlated to final leaf number.A scenario simulation was carried out to quantify seasonal variation in N uptake of cauliflower cultivars under unrestricted N availability. Due to variations in the length of the vernalization phase, simulated shoot N uptake ranged from about 260 kg N/ha for spring planted crops to about 290 kg N/ha for summer planted crops of the cultivar ‘Fremont’. The cultivar ‘Linday’, which shows a more severe delay of vernalization under high temperatures, shows on average a larger shoot N uptake for summer planted crops of about 320 kg N/ha and a much larger variation of shoot N uptake.

Corrigendum to: Early growing season immobilisation affects post-tillering wheat nitrogen uptake from crop stubble and 15N fertiliser in a sandy soil

Soil Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Pilar Muschietti Piana ◽  
Therese Marie McBeath ◽  
Ann Marie McNeill ◽  
Pablo Ariel Cipriotti ◽  
Vadakattu Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil System ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Energy Limitation

In semiarid sandy soil environments there is a dual challenge of carbon and nitrogen (N) limitation that needs to be managed to ensure timely supply of N to crops. Management of N inputs to soil using combinations of legume stubble addition and fertiliser N in cereal systems is essential to meet crop demand and maintain N in soil organic matter. The aim of this study was to assess soil mineral and biological N pools that influence N supply and N uptake of wheat at early growth stages. The recovery of 15N-labelled fertiliser by wheat was evaluated using a factorial combination of either wheat, lupin or no stubble incorporated with or without 15N fertiliser in a sandy soil system. Soil and plant samples were collected at sowing, tillering, first node and booting to monitor changes in N pools and 15N uptake by the wheat. Crop stubble incorporation one week before sowing increased biological N pools in the surface soil (0–10 cm). Early N immobilisation (sowing–tillering) in all the treatments without 15N fertiliser may have limited N availability for wheat uptake in the subsequent period (tillering–first node), when fertiliser N appeared critical to maximise N supply for plant requirements. Up to 38% of the 15N fertiliser applied at sowing was incorporated into the soil microbial biomass pool, so that fertiliser N was critical to relieve short-term inherent N limitations for both plant and microbial growth, and to supply the longer-term biological pools (microbial biomass) to support subsequent mineralisation potential. Reducing the energy limitation to the microbial pool through inputs of carbon from stubble was also critical to ensure fertiliser N supplied sufficient N to satisfy plant demand later in the growing period. These results have implications for management decisions on semiarid sandy soil systems that aim to synchronise N from inputs of legume stubbles and fertiliser with crop N demand during early growth stages of wheat.

scholarly journals Water productivity and yield analysis of groundnut using CropSyst simulation model in hyper arid partially irrigated zone of Rajasthan

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sita Ram Jat ◽  
I. J. Gulati ◽  
M. L. Soni ◽  
Amit Kumawat ◽  
N. D. Yadava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Daily Weather Data

CropSyst is one of the most important process-oriented simulation models largely used for field crops all over the world to study the effect of climate, soil and management practices on crop productivity. In the present study, we have calibrated and validated the CropSyst model for groundnut crop grown at farmer’s field in IGNP Stage-II of Bikaner. CropSyst model was calibrated using the experimental data of crop parameters, soil profile data and observed daily weather data of experimental site for 2012 and validated the experimental data of crop growth and yield parameters for 2013. The results of the study showed that the CropSyst model simulated the crop growth parameter data viz. green area index, seed yield, above ground biomass and N-uptake of groundnut reasonably well. The seed yield, above ground biomass and N- uptake was validated well by the model with relative error of 3.3, 2.2 and 8.4 %, respectively. The total water applied in groundnut was 728.9 and 619.6 mm in 2012 and 2013, respectively out of this 664.9 and 530.5mm consumed in evapotranspiration.

scholarly journals Global soil nitrous oxide emissions in a dynamic carbon-nitrogen model

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 6405-6427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Huang ◽  
S. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Plant N Uptake ◽  
Biological N Fixation ◽  
N2o Fluxes

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas that also contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Due to its high temporal and spatial heterogeneity, a quantitative understanding of terrestrial N2O emission and its variabilities and responses to climate change are challenging. We added a soil N2O emission module to the dynamic global land model LM3V-N, and tested its sensitivity to mechanisms that affect the level of mineral nitrogen (N) in soil such as plant N uptake, biological N fixation, amount of volatilized N redeposited after fire, and nitrification-denitrification. We further tested the relationship between N2O emission and soil moisture, and assessed responses to elevated CO2 and temperature. Results extracted from the corresponding gridcell (without site-specific forcing data) were comparable with the average of cross-site observed annual mean emissions, although differences remained across individual sites if stand-level measurements were representative of gridcell emissions. Processes, such as plant N uptake and N loss through fire volatilization that regulate N availability for nitrification-denitrification have strong controls on N2O fluxes in addition to the parameterization of N2O loss through nitrification and denitrification. Modelled N2O fluxes were highly sensitive to water-filled pore space (WFPS), with a global sensitivity of approximately 0.25 TgN per year per 0.01 change in WFPS. We found that the global response of N2O emission to CO2 fertilization was largely determined by the response of tropical emissions with reduced N2O fluxes in the first few decades and increases afterwards. The initial reduction was linked to N limitation under higher CO2 level, and was alleviated through feedbacks such as biological N fixation. The extratropical response was weaker and generally positive, highlighting the need to expand field studies in tropical ecosystems. We did not find synergistic effects between warming and CO2 increase as reported in analyses with different models. Warming generally enhanced N2O efflux and the enhancement was greatly dampened when combined with elevated CO2, although CO2 alone had a small effect. The differential response in the tropics compared to extratropics with respect to magnitude and sign suggests caution when extrapolating from current field CO2 enrichment and warming studies to the globe.

scholarly journals The Potential of NO3--N Utilization by a Woody Shrub Species Lindera triloba: A Cultivation Test to Estimate the Saturation Point of Soil NO3–-N for Plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 514-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Koyama ◽  
Naoko Tokuchi ◽  
Muneto Hirobe ◽  
Keisuke Koba
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
N Pool

Responses of seedlings of a shrub species, Lindera triloba, grown in perlite culture medium, to nitrate (NO3–-N) supply were investigated to estimate the saturating point of available NO3–-N for plant utilization. NO3–-N concentration and nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in leaves and roots were used as indicators of NO3–-N uptake and assimilation by L. triloba. Root NRA increased with NO3–-N supply when concentrations were low and reached a plateau at high NO3–-N concentrations. On the other hand, root NO3–-N concentration increased linearly with NO3–-N supply; therefore, it is suggested that NO3–-N uptake did not limit NO3–-N assimilation by L. triloba. In contrast, leaf NRA and leaf NO3–-N concentration were low and were not influenced by NO3–-N supply. This may be caused by the lack of transport of NO3–-N from roots to leaves. The NO3–-N retained in perlite was compared with NO3–-N pool sizes in soils from a forest where L. triloba occurs naturally to estimate the level of NO3–-N availability to plants in the forest soil. The maximum NO3–-N pool size in the forest soil was comparable to concentrations at which root NRA reached a plateau in perlite cultures. These results indicate that soil NO3–-N availability is below the saturation point for NO3–-N uptake by L. triloba, and it is the limiting factor of NO3–-N utilization by L. trilobaunder field conditions in which this species naturally occurs.

The effect of interspecific competition on conifer seedling growth and nitrogen availability measured using ion-exchange membranes

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D Hangs ◽  
Ken J Greer ◽  
Catharine A Sulewski
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Supply Rate ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Establishment Phase ◽  
Conifer Seedling ◽  
Early Establishment

During the early establishment phase, outplanted white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings are vulnerable to lethargic growth or mortality because of interspecific competition for soil nutrients, particularly N. Accurately quantifying the degree of N competition is essential for supporting effective vegetation management (VM) decisions. This study evaluated the use of in situ burials of ion-exchange membrane (IEM; Plant Root SimulatorTM-probes) for quantifying differences in soil N supply rate between different VM treatments and the relationship of this N availability index to early growth of conifer seedlings at four boreal forest sites. At most sites, the effect of noncrop N uptake on soil N availability was apparent, with smaller NH4+-N, NO3–-N, and total dissolved inorganic N (DIN) supply rates in control plots than in VM plots. Total DIN supply rate was correlated (R2 = 0.60 to 0.73, P < 0.01) with seedling height, root-collar diameter, and stem volume growth. Ammonium-N supply rate was better correlated than NO3–-N supply rate with conifer seedling growth, which is in agreement with preferential NH4+-N uptake by conifer species. The results of this study support the use of in situ burials of IEM for measuring soil N availability during the early establishment phase.

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