Relationship between soil properties and enzyme activities with soil water repellency

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Simpson ◽  
Karen Mason ◽  
Kyle Robertson ◽  
Karin Müller
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The North

Soil water repellency (SWR) is a common phenomenon observed throughout the world. It has a significant impact on water infiltration, altering soil hydrology and consequently the soil microbial community and nutrient cycling. Despite the importance of this phenomenon, the processes involved in the development and breakdown of SWR are poorly understood. The importance of the microbial community for SWR is becoming increasingly apparent. In this study, relationships between microbial activities and SWR were investigated by utilising the patchy occurrence of SWR to select both repellent and wettable soils in six locations of the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. Samples were from directly adjacent locations in mid spring and late summer, and a range of soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities were measured. The degree and potential persistence of SWR did not change between the two sampling times, whereas actual persistence of SWR increased. Soil moisture decreased between the two times, and although there was an inverse relationship between moisture and actual persistence of SWR in late summer, unexpectedly, it was a positive relationship in spring. Phosphatase, arylsulfatase and polysaccharide degrading enzyme activities increased with increasing SWR, whereas peroxidase activity decreased. The possible effects of increasing temperature and decreasing water content were modelled, and the observed relationships were strengthened. Arylsulfatase activity was strongly correlated with the degree of SWR, as was extractable organic sulfate, suggesting that the breakdown of sulfate-esters within humic material in soil may be involved in the release and accumulation of SWR-inducing hydrophobic compounds.

scholarly journals Relationships between soil water repellency and microbial community composition under different plant species in a Mediterranean semiarid forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Lozano ◽  
Fuensanta García-Orenes ◽  
Gema Bárcenas-Moreno ◽  
Patricia Jiménez-Pinilla ◽  
Jorge Mataix-Solera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Redundancy Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract Soil water repellency (SWR) can influence many hydrological soil properties, including water infiltration, uneven moisture distribution or water retention. In the current study we investigated how variable SWR persistence in the field is related to the soil microbial community under different plant species (P. halepensis, Q. rotundifolia, C. albidus and R. officinalis) in a Mediterranean forest. The soil microbial community was determined through phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). The relationships between microbiological community structure and the soil properties pH, Glomalin Related Soil Protein (GRSP) and soil organic matter (SOM) content were also studied. Different statistical analyses were used: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), ANOVA, Redundancy Analysis and Pearson correlations. The highest concentrations of PLFA were found in the most water repellent samples. PCA showed that microorganism composition was more dependent of the severity of SWR than the type of plant species. In the Redundancy Analysis, SWR was the only significant factor (p<0.05) to explain PLFA distributions. The only PLFA biomarkers directly related to SWR were associated with Actinobacteria (10Me16:0, 10Me17:0 and 10Me18:0). All the results suggest that a strong dependence between SWR and microbial community composition.

Soil water repellency persistence after recurrent forest fires on Mount Carmel, Israel

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama Tessler ◽  
Lea Wittenberg ◽  
Noam Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

Variations in forest fires regime affect: (1) the natural patterns of community structure and vegetation; (2) the physico-chemical properties of soils and consequently (3) runoff, erosion and sediment yield. In recent decades the Mediterranean ecosystem of Mount Carmel, north-western Israel, is subjected to an increasing number of forest fires, thus, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the long-term effects of single and recurrent fires on soil water repellency (WR) and organic matter (OM) content. Water repellency was studied by applying water drop penetration time (WDPT) tests at sites burnt by single-fire, two fires, three fires and unburnt control sites. Water repellency in the burnt sites was significantly lower than in the unburnt control sites, and the soil maintained its wettability for more than 2 decades, whereas after recurrent fires, the rehabilitation was more complicated and protracted. The OM content was significantly lower after recurrent than after a single fire, causing a clear proportional decrease in WR. The rehabilitation of WR to natural values is highly dependent on restoration of organic matter and revegetation. Recurrent fires may cause a delay in recovery and reduced productivity of the soil for a long period.

scholarly journals Inverse estimation of soil hydraulic properties and water repellency following artificially induced drought stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilim Filipović ◽  
Thomas Weninger ◽  
Lana Filipović ◽  
Andreas Schwen ◽  
Keith L. Bristow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Irrigation Event ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

AbstractGlobal climate change is projected to continue and result in prolonged and more intense droughts, which can increase soil water repellency (SWR). To be able to estimate the consequences of SWR on vadose zone hydrology, it is important to determine soil hydraulic properties (SHP). Sequential modeling using HYDRUS (2D/3D) was performed on an experimental field site with artificially imposed drought scenarios (moderately M and severely S stressed) and a control plot. First, inverse modeling was performed for SHP estimation based on water and ethanol infiltration experimental data, followed by model validation on one selected irrigation event. Finally, hillslope modeling was performed to assess water balance for 2014. Results suggest that prolonged dry periods can increase soil water repellency. Inverse modeling was successfully performed for infiltrating liquids, water and ethanol, withR2and model efficiency (E) values both > 0.9. SHP derived from the ethanol measurements showed large differences in van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) parameters for the M and S plots compared to water infiltration experiments. SWR resulted in large saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) decrease on the M and S scenarios. After validation of SHP on water content measurements during a selected irrigation event, one year simulations (2014) showed that water repellency increases surface runoff in non-structured soils at hillslopes.

scholarly journals Factors Determining Soil Water Repellency in Two Coniferous Plantations on a Hillslope

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moein Farahnak ◽  
Keiji Mitsuyasu ◽  
Kyoichi Otsuki ◽  
Kuniyoshi Shimizu ◽  
Atsushi Kume
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Tree Cutting ◽  
Coniferous Plantations

Soil water repellency (SWR) is a cause of low water infiltration, overland flow and soil erosion in mountainous coniferous plantations in Japan. The factors determining SWR intensity were investigated in two coniferous plantations of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl. and Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don, using intact tree plots and cut tree plots on the same hillslope. The SWR of Ch. obtusa plots was stronger than that of Cr. japonica plots. SWR intensity decreased after tree cutting. There were no significant differences in SWR upslope and downslope of individual trees/stumps for both tree species, though areas downslope of individual Ch. obtusa trees had higher SWR intensity than those upslope. SWR intensity and soil aggregate stability were positively correlated in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot (r = 0.88, p < 0.01), whereas in the cut tree plot, this correlation was weak with no significance (r = 0.29, p = 0.41). Soil aggregate size had a non-significant influence on SWR intensity. These findings suggest that SWR intensity was not related to the soil aggregate size, but SWR intensity seemed have a role in soil aggregation in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot. Destruction of soil aggregates could occur after tree cutting because of physical disturbances or increased input of different types of organic matter from other vegetation into soil. The presence of Ch. obtusa introduces a source of SWR, although uncertainty remains about how water repellency is distributed around soil aggregates. The distribution pattern of soil water content and soil hydraulic conductivity around Cr. japonica was related to other factors such as the litter layer and non-water-repellant soil.

Water Shedding Properties of Oil Impregnated Hydrophobic Soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McCerery ◽  
John Woodward ◽  
Glen McHale ◽  
Kate Winter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Naturally Occurring

&lt;p&gt;Hydrophobic soils and sediments have gained significant interest in soil science due to negatively influencing biomass production and as drivers of landslides and enhanced erosion. Whilst natural and fire-induced soil water repellency have been studied, little work has considered how the sediment-water interaction with naturally occurring hydrophobic sediments might change in the presence of oil. Recent advances in materials physics have shown bio-inspired slippery liquid infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) and lubricant impregnated surfaces (LIS) can produce super slippery surfaces with excellent water shedding properties. Here we apply this new understanding to the physics of soil water repellency and address how the presence of oil, whether from contamination or otherwise, might influence water infiltration. We hypothesise that oil impregnating a hydrophobic soil may create stable oil coatings and/or layers that create soil surfaces resistant to water infiltration and with enhanced run-off of water. Using monolayers of sand, silt and clay particles treated with a commercial hydrophobising agent and silicone oil, we created model (oil-free) hydrophobic and oil impregnated hydrophobic soils. Static water contact angles and droplet sliding angles were used to classify their degree of hydrophobicity and ability to shed water. Our results show that in the absence of oil, model hydrophobic soil surfaces with particle sizes below 63&amp;#956;m are superhydrophobic with water droplet contact angles above 150 degrees. In the presence of oil, we observed a sediment-based SLIP/LI surface on particle sizes below 63&amp;#956;m with water contact angles of 90 degrees and droplet sliding angles of below 5 degrees. We also achieved reduced sliding angles compared to the oil-free surfaces, and a conformal layer of oil on all particle sizes. These results support our hypothesis that SLIPS/LIS may occur in natural soil systems. These results have implications for soil water repellency, oil clean up from soil and for processes occurring in other sedimentary environments caused by both naturally occurring and anthropogenic contamination of oils.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Soil wetting agents influences on soil hydrophobicity : the effects and mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Enzhan Song
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Hydrophobicity ◽  
Wetting Agents

Soil water repellency (SWR), which causes uneven water distribution in top soil, is a common problem for sandy soils, especially on sand-based growing media such as USGA (United States Golf Association) greens. The SWR is caused by wax-like organic substances coating on the surface of sand particles which repel water. Wetting agent, which are surface active agents or surfactants, have bi-affinity structure with water-loving (hydrophilic) and water-repellent (hydrophobic) groups on each end of the structure, is the primary tool for treatment of SWR. The hydrophobic end will attach wetting agent compounds with SWR coatings at the sand surface, thus facing the water-loving side towards outside and interact with surrounding water molecules. Wetting agents are developed with mainly two purposes: enhancement of water infiltration and improving water retention. More recently designed products also aim at potentially remove SWR causing organic coatings from the soil profile thus provide longer and more efficient wetting. However, previous studies conducted in turf area on wetting agents related topics often only looked at the treatment effects on turfgrass responses and overall turf performance. The objective of this dissertation study is to comprehensively investigate the direct wetting agents influences on soil hydrology (soil water movement), soil chemistry (hydrophobic organic coating removal), and soil microbiology (soil microbial community), with goal of explaining the working mechanisms of different wetting agents. Except pHAcid, most tested wetting agents mitigated SWR with either enhanced infiltration rate or reduced soil hydrophobicity. While the compounds of OARS strongly sorped into the SWR sand system and increased SWR, Matador successfully removed significant amount of non-dissolved organic materials from the SWR sand and transformed the sand to spontaneous wetting status. The soil microbial community was significantly influenced by the weather conditions, while wetting agents that enhanced infiltration (e.g. Hydro-Wet) potentially reduced soil water holding capacity and led to decreased soil microbial abundancy.

Is soil water repellency a function of soil order and proneness to drought? A survey of soils under pasture in the North Island of New Zealand

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Deurer ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
C. Van Den Dijssel ◽  
K. Mason ◽  
J. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Assessing Water Infiltration and Soil Water Repellency in Brazilian Atlantic Forest Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Esteban Lozano-Baez ◽  
Miguel Cooper ◽  
Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz ◽  
Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Laurent Lassabatere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
Remnant Forest

This study presents the results of the soil hydraulic characterization performed under three land covers, namely pasture, 9-year-old restored forest, and remnant forest, in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Two types of infiltration tests were performed, namely tension (Mini-Disk Infiltrometer, MDI) and ponding (Beerkan) tests. MDI and Beerkan tests provided complementary information, highlighting a clear increase of the hydraulic conductivity, especially at the remnant forest plots, when moving from near-saturated to saturated conditions. In addition, measuring the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity with different water pressure heads allowed the estimation of the macroscopic capillary length in the field. This approach, in conjunction with Beerkan measurements, allowed the design better estimates of the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity under challenging field conditions, such as soil water repellency (SWR). This research also reports, for the first time, evidence of SWR in the Atlantic Forest, which affected the early stage of the infiltration process with more frequency in the remnant forest.

Soil water repellency under dry and wet antecedent weather conditions for selected land-cover types in the coastal zone of central Portugal

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Keizer ◽  
C. O. A. Coelho ◽  
M. J. S. Matias ◽  
C. S. P. Domingues ◽  
A. J. D. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Land Cover Types

This paper reports on the first systematic inventory of soil water repellency in Portuguese coastal dune sand areas. Since water repellency is widely associated with certain vegetation types or individual plant species, this inventory concerned arable land as well as 6 natural and semi-natural land-cover types representative for the vegetation zonation in the study area. Since water repellency further is a feature that commonly varies through time, disappearing when soils become wet, initial sampling was carried out during late summer 2000 and later repeated, at 1 of the 2 sites per land-cover type, during early spring 2001. Water repellency was principally measured in the field using the Molarity of an Ethanol Droplet (MED) test. Under the dry summer conditions, water repellency was a widespread phenomenon at and immediately below, the soil surface and numerous significant differences in ethanol classes existed between the land-cover types. The transient nature of water repellency was confirmed by many instances of significantly lower spring than summer ethanol classes. These significant differences were in general accompanied by a significant negative correlation of the summer and spring ethanol classes with volumetric soil moisture content. The sites’ overall repellency levels under dry antecedent weather conditions were significantly correlated with their overall levels of soil organic matter.

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