Knowledge-based soil type classification using terrain segmentation

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Andrei Dornik ◽  
Lucian Drăguţ ◽  
Petru Urdea
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Classification Rules ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Soil Information

Soil information covering regional, continental, or even global scales is needed for modelling, prediction, or estimation of environmental risks, crop yield estimation, carbon stock estimation, or research on climate change. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which geographic object-based image analysis and expert-knowledge, using digital maps of climate, topography, vegetation, and geology as soil covariates (GEOBIA approach), might model and reproduce a conventional soil map at a scale 1:1000000 in the south-west of Romania. The environmental variables were segmented with a region-growing algorithm, the resulting objects being subsequently classified into soil types using expert-knowledge fuzzy classification rules. To assess the geographical support of classification for the modelling of a conventional soil map, we quantitatively evaluated a pixel-based soil map produced using the same expert-knowledge classification rules, as an alternative to an object-based approach. To evaluate the source of soil information, we quantitatively assessed the map of the World Reference Base soil groups produced by the data-driven global soil information system, SoilGrids, as an alternative to expert-knowledge rules. The digital soil maps were quantitatively compared with the conventional soil map. Evidence was provided that the similarity of soil types with the conventional soil map was higher when the modelling was conducted through GEOBIA approach (general similarity of 65% and fuzzy kappa index of 0.58) than the pixel-based approach and SoilGrids. Furthermore, the results showed that the SoilGrids map achieved higher similarity to conventional soil map than the pixel-based soil map. When tested in another area, without modification to the knowledge-based methodologies, the same conclusions could be drawn, although the two maps recorded lower similarity values. The overall reduction in similarity values is explained by a high variability of some soil types under different environmental conditions.

Deriving World Reference Base Reference Soil Groups from the prospective Global Soil Map product — A case study on major soil types of Africa

Geoderma ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince Láng ◽  
Márta Fuchs ◽  
Tamás Szegi ◽  
Ádám Csorba ◽  
Erika Michéli
Keyword(s):  
Soil Types ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Base Reference ◽  
Soil Groups

scholarly journals Soil Distribution in Nepal

NUTA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Sher Bahadur Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Glacier Ice

Soil is the important natural recourse for living things of the world and regulates its ecosystem. Soil types are depending on physiographic and climatic factors. The study discussed soil types of Nepal prepared by Land Resource Mapping Project (LRMP) based on world reference base developed by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States  (FAO)  and Soil and Terrain (SOTER) soil type of Nepal by ISRIC-World soil Information based on universal soil classification system developed by United State Department of Agriculture (USDA)  using Geographic information system (GIS). According to LRMP the soil types of Nepal are as follow: Dystrochrepts Haplumbrepts Haplustalfs, Dystrochrepts Haplustalfs Rhodustalfs, Haplumbrepts Dystrochrepts Cryumbrepts, Udipsamments Dystrochrepts Rhodustalfs, Glaciated Mountain, Haplaquents Haplaqepts Eutrocrepts, Udorthents Ustorthents Haplaquents, Dystrochrepts Halpumbrepts Haplustalfs-calcarious Materials, Rhodustalfs Dystrochrepts Haplustalfs, Dystrochrepts Eutrochrepts Argiudolls, Dystrochrepts Hapludalfs Haplustalfs-Calcarious Materials, Haplaquents Psammaquents Ustorthents, Haplaquents Eutrocrepts Heplaquents-calcareous Materials and Haplaquepts Dystrochrepts Haplaquents covering four soil order i.e. Entisols, Inseptisols. Mollisols and Alfisols. According the SOTER map, the soil types are as follow: Gelic LEPTOSOLS, Eutric CAMBISOLS, Eutric REGOSOLS, Humic CAMBISOLS, Chromic CAMBISOLS, Dystric REGOSOLS, Eutric GLEYSOLS Calcaric, PHAEOZEMS, Gleyic CAMBISOLS, Haplic PHAEOZEMS, Calcaric FLUVISOLS and other are glacier, ice, rock croup, lake and water. These types of soils are controlled by physiography and climatic factors. The SOTER soil types are more familiar than LRMP soil map although in LRMP soil map is useful to understand the soil characteristics and soil forming processes of Nepal. The soil degradation mitigation and adaptive strategies should consider the soil diversity types and its controlling factors such as physiography and climate.

Generalisation of continuous models to estimate soil characteristics into similar delineations of a detailed soil map

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Salehi ◽  
Z. Safaei ◽  
I. Esfandiarpour-Borujeni ◽  
J. Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
North West ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Continuous Models ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Soil Map Unit

The aim of soil mapping is to partition soil bodies using map units, which are more homogenous for specific soil properties than are the soil bodies as a whole. Soil properties are expected to be similar at delineations of a specified soil map unit. Therefore, it is supposed that a model developed to estimate a soil property for one of these delineations could be generalised for the others. This study was conducted to determine the possibility of generalisation (extrapolation) of continuous models of spatial variability to estimate soil physical and chemical properties in similar delineations of a soil map unit. A consociation soil map unit in two different locations of a detailed soil map (1 : 20 000 scale), as similar delineations, was selected in the north-west of Faradonbeh region, Iran. Sixty topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were randomly collected in each delineation (totally 120 samples) with 30-m intervals and the samples were GPS-recorded. Laboratory studies consisted of bulk density, pH, calcium-carbonate equivalent, organic matter content, percentage of coarse fragments, and particle-size distribution. First, variography was done according to the soil data of each delineation (named areas A and B) and kriged maps were generated based on their own semivariogram parameters. Then, the kriged map of the soil properties for the second similar delineation (area B) was regenerated based on the corresponding models and their parameters obtained from the first similar delineation (area A). Finally, the regenerated kriged map of each variable was compared with its original kriged map. Visual comparison of the kriged maps of area B obtained from two steps of variography showed very high accordance for all of the soil properties. Quantitative comparison of the kriged maps suggests that the accuracy expected by the users of the soil information should be considered before generalisation of the data for similar units. Lower values of accordance obtained by the Kappa index and, especially, the classification success index than overall accuracy indicate that model generalisation should not be used where high precision of soil information is expected. Discrepancies observed for the kriged maps of the same variables in similar delineations could be due to different soil management practices in the past as a result of different historical developments.

Survey of the State-of-the-Art Expert/Knowledge Based Systems in Civil Engineering.

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon S. Kim ◽  
Mary Lou Maher ◽  
Raymond E. Levitt ◽  
Martin F. Rooney ◽  
Thomas J. Siller
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Knowledge Based Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based

scholarly journals Experts versus Algorithms? Optimized Fuzzy Logic Energy Management of Autonomous PV Hybrid Systems with Battery and H2 Storage

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1777
Author(s):  
Lisa Gerlach ◽  
Thilo Bocklisch
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Approach

Off-grid applications based on intermittent solar power benefit greatly from hybrid energy storage systems consisting of a battery short-term and a hydrogen long-term storage path. An intelligent energy management is required to balance short-, intermediate- and long-term fluctuations in electricity demand and supply, while maximizing system efficiency and minimizing component stress. An energy management was developed that combines the benefits of an expert-knowledge based fuzzy logic approach with a metaheuristic particle swarm optimization. Unlike in most existing work, interpretability of the optimized fuzzy logic controller is maintained, allowing the expert to evaluate and adjust it if deemed necessary. The energy management was tested with 65 1-year household load datasets. It was shown that the expert tuned controller is more robust to changes in load pattern then the optimized controller. However, simple readjustments restore robustness, while largely retaining the benefits achieved through optimization. Nevertheless, it was demonstrated that there is no one-size-fits-all tuning. Especially, large power peaks on the demand-side require overly conservative tunings. This is not desirable in situations where such peaks can be avoided through other means.

Heuristic Design of a Material Processing Component

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram R. Jamalabad ◽  
Noshir A. Langrana ◽  
Yogesh Jaluria
Keyword(s):  
Heuristic Search ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Engineering Process ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Design Algorithm ◽  
Initial Design ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Processing Component

Abstract The main thrust of this research is in developing a knowledge-based system for the design of a mechanical engineering process. The study concentrates on developing methodologies for initial design and redesign in a qualitative format. The component selected is a die for plastic extrusion. A design algorithm using best first heuristic search and expert knowledge, both in procedural and declarative form, forms the core of the process. Initial design and redesign methodologies are presented that can enable efficient design of a component using expert knowledge. Some generality has been accomplished by the implementation of the techniques to dies of different cross sectional shapes. The software is written in Lisp within an object oriented software package using analysis modules written in C.

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