Deriving World Reference Base Reference Soil Groups from the prospective Global Soil Map product — A case study on major soil types of Africa

Geoderma ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince Láng ◽  
Márta Fuchs ◽  
Tamás Szegi ◽  
Ádám Csorba ◽  
Erika Michéli
Keyword(s):  
Soil Types ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Base Reference ◽  
Soil Groups

scholarly journals Accuracy assessment of different soil databases concerning WRB reference soil groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dániel Balla ◽  
Orsolya Varga ◽  
Marianna Zichar
Keyword(s):  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
National Level ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Soil Database ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Soil Groups

As a result of international cooperation, the conditions of data access and data usage have been significantly improved during the last two decades. Also, the establishment of web-based geoinformatic infrastructure allowed researchers to share their results with the scientific community more efficiently on the international level. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of databases with different spatial resolutions, using the reference profiles of LUCAS topsoil database. In our study, we investigated the accuracy of World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) Reference Soil Groups (RSG) groups stored in freely accessible soil databases (European Soil Database (ESDB), International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC)) in Hungary. The study concluded that the continental scale database tends to be more accurate. We used the Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) statistical index to evaluate accuracy. The European and the international databases showed a value of 0.9643 and 0.3968, respectively. Considering the results, we can conclude that the spatial resolution has a relevant impact on the accuracy of databases, however, the study should be extended to the national level and the indices should be assessed together.

scholarly journals Soil Assessment along Toposequences in Rural Northern Nigeria: A Geomedical Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Hartmann ◽  
Marvin Gabriel ◽  
Yuanrong Zhou ◽  
Barbara Sponholz ◽  
Heinrich Thiemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
West African ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Savanna Soils

Case numbers of endemic Ca-deficiency rickets (CDR) have been reported to be alarmingly rising among children of subsistence farms in developing countries within the last 30 years. Fluoride toxicities in the environment are known to not be related to the disease. To investigate if, instead, CDR is caused by a nutrient deficiency in the environment, subsistence farms in an endemic CDR area near Kaduna, northern Nigeria, were investigated for bedrock, slope forms, soil types, and soil characteristics. The natural environment was investigated according to the World Reference Base, soil texture was analysed by pipette and sieving, and plant-available macronutrients were determined using barium-chloride or Ca-acetate-lactate extraction. The analyses showed that granite and slope deposits were the dominant parent materials. The typical slope forms and soil types were Lixisols and Acrisols on pediments, Fluvisols in river valleys, and Plinthosols and Acrisols on plains. Compared with West African background values, all of the soils had normal soil textures but were low in macronutrients. Comparisons to critical limits, however, showed that only the P concentrations were critically low, which are typical for savanna soils. A link between nutrient deficiency in soils and CDR in the Kaduna area was therefore considered unlikely.

scholarly journals Classification of mountain soils in a subalpine zone – a case study from the Bieszczady Mountains (SE Poland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
Łukasz Musielok ◽  
Marek Drewnik ◽  
Wojciech Szymański ◽  
Mateusz Stolarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Redoximorphic Features ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
World Reference Base

Abstract The aim of the study was to test the suitability of the 6th edition of Polish Soil Classification (SGP6) in reflecting the typical features of subalpine Bieszczady Mts. soils in comparison with the 5th edition of Polish Soil Classification (SGP5) and the newest version of World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). Five soil profiles located in differentiated in terms of the parent material, topography and vegetation conditions of the natural environment were investigated. On the basis of described morphology and determined properties soils were classified according to different soil classifications. All soils under study were featured by presence of thick A horizons and high content of soil organic carbon accumulated even very deep in the profiles. Some of the mineral topsoil layers were classified as umbric/umbrik horizons. Moreover cambic/kambik horizons were present and in some cases also weak redoximorphic features occurred. The SGP6 enabled to distinguish soils with a thick, organic carbon-rich A horizons as umbrisols, a newly created subtype of grey soils. Furthermore, the soil taxonomic position according to SGP6 was more detailed in relation to the soil trophic status (in case of brown soils) and occurrence of weak redoximorphic features. That was reflected in number of subtypes to which analyzed soils were classified – 4 in SGP6 vs 2 in SGP5.

scholarly journals Soil Distribution in Nepal

NUTA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Sher Bahadur Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Glacier Ice

Soil is the important natural recourse for living things of the world and regulates its ecosystem. Soil types are depending on physiographic and climatic factors. The study discussed soil types of Nepal prepared by Land Resource Mapping Project (LRMP) based on world reference base developed by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States  (FAO)  and Soil and Terrain (SOTER) soil type of Nepal by ISRIC-World soil Information based on universal soil classification system developed by United State Department of Agriculture (USDA)  using Geographic information system (GIS). According to LRMP the soil types of Nepal are as follow: Dystrochrepts Haplumbrepts Haplustalfs, Dystrochrepts Haplustalfs Rhodustalfs, Haplumbrepts Dystrochrepts Cryumbrepts, Udipsamments Dystrochrepts Rhodustalfs, Glaciated Mountain, Haplaquents Haplaqepts Eutrocrepts, Udorthents Ustorthents Haplaquents, Dystrochrepts Halpumbrepts Haplustalfs-calcarious Materials, Rhodustalfs Dystrochrepts Haplustalfs, Dystrochrepts Eutrochrepts Argiudolls, Dystrochrepts Hapludalfs Haplustalfs-Calcarious Materials, Haplaquents Psammaquents Ustorthents, Haplaquents Eutrocrepts Heplaquents-calcareous Materials and Haplaquepts Dystrochrepts Haplaquents covering four soil order i.e. Entisols, Inseptisols. Mollisols and Alfisols. According the SOTER map, the soil types are as follow: Gelic LEPTOSOLS, Eutric CAMBISOLS, Eutric REGOSOLS, Humic CAMBISOLS, Chromic CAMBISOLS, Dystric REGOSOLS, Eutric GLEYSOLS Calcaric, PHAEOZEMS, Gleyic CAMBISOLS, Haplic PHAEOZEMS, Calcaric FLUVISOLS and other are glacier, ice, rock croup, lake and water. These types of soils are controlled by physiography and climatic factors. The SOTER soil types are more familiar than LRMP soil map although in LRMP soil map is useful to understand the soil characteristics and soil forming processes of Nepal. The soil degradation mitigation and adaptive strategies should consider the soil diversity types and its controlling factors such as physiography and climate.

scholarly journals The Pedogenesis of Soil Derived from Carbonate Rocks along a Climosequence in a Subtropical Mountain, China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Jin Hu ◽  
En Ci ◽  
Song Li ◽  
Maoshan Lian ◽  
Shouqin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base

Revealing the pedogenesis of soil on carbonate rocks is a key step in determining the boundaries of soil types along a climosequence. However, related research is lacking for a subtropical mountain. In this study, eight pedons were sampled across an elevation gradient (789–2322 m) having large variation in mean annual precipitation (MAP) (1189–1764 mm) and mean annual temperature (MAT) (5.7–14.9 °C). General processes were performed, including physical, chemical, and morphological characterizations, X-ray diffraction (XRD), total elements’ content, and soil classification of the carbonate rock. In the climo-toposequence, the illite had been transformed into illite-smectite below 1300–1500 m of elevation, 1300–1370 mm of MAP, and above 10.5–11.5 °C of MAT, and into vermiculite above this climate. These findings indicated that the effects of temperature on soil mineral transformation had weakened with the gradual increases in elevation. The pedon at 861 m of elevation, 1206 mm of MAP, and 14.5 °C of MAT, which accounted for the argic horizons, was divided into Argosols after human activities. The finding revealed that changes from forest to cultivated land could potentially accelerate the formation of argic horizons, and it provided a theoretical basis for global carbonate rocks’ weathering conditions and ecological problems in subtropical mountains. When the soils reached approximately 1100–1200 m of elevation, 1250–1300 mm of MAP, and 11.5–13.5 °C of MAT, the argic horizons of the soil could be accounted for, as evolved from the Cambosols in Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST) (Inceptisols in Soil Taxonomy (ST), Cambisols in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB)) to the Argosols in CST (Alfisols in ST, Luvisols or Alisols in WRB) under natural vegetation. Therefore, it was indicated that the soil types changed significantly in the CST, ST, and WRB with increases of MAP and decreases of MAT, which provides a reference for determining the boundaries of the soil types along a climosequence in subtropical mountains.

Knowledge-based soil type classification using terrain segmentation

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Andrei Dornik ◽  
Lucian Drăguţ ◽  
Petru Urdea
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Classification Rules ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Soil Information

Soil information covering regional, continental, or even global scales is needed for modelling, prediction, or estimation of environmental risks, crop yield estimation, carbon stock estimation, or research on climate change. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which geographic object-based image analysis and expert-knowledge, using digital maps of climate, topography, vegetation, and geology as soil covariates (GEOBIA approach), might model and reproduce a conventional soil map at a scale 1:1000000 in the south-west of Romania. The environmental variables were segmented with a region-growing algorithm, the resulting objects being subsequently classified into soil types using expert-knowledge fuzzy classification rules. To assess the geographical support of classification for the modelling of a conventional soil map, we quantitatively evaluated a pixel-based soil map produced using the same expert-knowledge classification rules, as an alternative to an object-based approach. To evaluate the source of soil information, we quantitatively assessed the map of the World Reference Base soil groups produced by the data-driven global soil information system, SoilGrids, as an alternative to expert-knowledge rules. The digital soil maps were quantitatively compared with the conventional soil map. Evidence was provided that the similarity of soil types with the conventional soil map was higher when the modelling was conducted through GEOBIA approach (general similarity of 65% and fuzzy kappa index of 0.58) than the pixel-based approach and SoilGrids. Furthermore, the results showed that the SoilGrids map achieved higher similarity to conventional soil map than the pixel-based soil map. When tested in another area, without modification to the knowledge-based methodologies, the same conclusions could be drawn, although the two maps recorded lower similarity values. The overall reduction in similarity values is explained by a high variability of some soil types under different environmental conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document